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2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election

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2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election

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FieldValue
countryBulgaria
previous_election[2009](2009-bulgarian-parliamentary-election)
next_election[2014](2014-bulgarian-parliamentary-election)
election_date
seats_for_electionAll 240 seats in the National Assembly
majority_seats121
turnout52.47%
party1GERBleader1 = Boyko Borisovpercentage1 = 30.55last_election1 = 116seats1 = 97
party2Coalition for Bulgarialeader2 = Sergei Stanishevpercentage2 = 26.62last_election2 = 40seats2 = 84
party3Movement for Rights and Freedomsleader3 = Lyutvi Mestanpercentage3 = 11.31last_election3 = 38seats3 = 36
party4Attack (political party)leader4 = Volen Siderovpercentage4 = 7.30last_election4 = 21seats4 = 23
map{{Switcher
titlePrime Minister
before_electionMarin Raykov
before_partyIndependent
(Raykov Government)
after_electionPlamen Oresharski
after_partyBSP
(Oresharski Government)

| [[File:2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election - Vote Strength.svg|x200px]] | Most voted-for party by constituency | [[File:2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election - Results.svg|x165px]] | Seats won by constituency

(Raykov Government) (Oresharski Government)

Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 12 May 2013, two months ahead of schedule. Protests had forced the resignation of the GERB government in February, leading to the election being moved up.

The elections resulted in a minority parliament, with no party winning a majority of seats. Furthermore, voter turnout was at its lowest since the end of the Communist era. GERB's leader, Boyko Borisov, called for the election results to be annulled, claiming that there had been "illegal campaigning" on the day before the election.

Background

High electricity prices and poverty ignited mass protests in February 2013, eventually leading to the resignation of the GERB government and early elections. The elections were originally scheduled to be held in July, but had to be brought forward. The government resigned the day after clashes between the police and protesters led to bloodshed and a number of civilians being badly injured. A caretaker government was appointed on 13 March 2013 by President Rosen Plevneliev to serve until the elections. On 28 February, Plevneliev announced the earliest possible date for the election would be 12 May.

Electoral system

The 240 members of the National Assembly were elected by closed-list proportional representation in 31 multi-member constituencies. Parties had to receive at least 4% of the national vote to win any of the proportional seats, which were distributed using the largest remainder method.

Parties that failed to pass the 4% threshold, but received more than 1% of the national vote were to be allocated annual state subsidies to the amount of 12 leva (€6) per vote received.

Campaign

As a result of the protests over electricity prices, the distribution license for Czech utility company ČEZ was revoked. President Rosen Plevneliev told parliament: "I believe that the necessary key changes in the laws should be decided by a new parliament. The decision is to hold elections."

Former European Commissioner Meglena Kuneva broke from the National Movement for Stability and Progress, formed around Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She claimed her new party would have significant support even though opinion polls indicated otherwise. She also indicated that it was likely her civil society organisation, Movement "Bulgaria of the Citizens", would become a party as it was "the only way to participate in elections." Rumours suggested she could be a coalition partner to GERB, but she played down such suggestions. In the Socialist party there was infighting over whether Sergei Stanishev or Georgi Parvanov would lead the party.

Several of the parties were newly formed by citizens, resulting from the public discontent from the 2013 Bulgarian protests and the months leading up to them. One such party is People's Voice, formed by Hipodil frontman Svetlio Vitkov. Others were led by citizens using the ticket of parties which were already in existence, as they had not managed to fulfill the strict registration requirements in the two months between the government's resignation and the elections – one such party is the Democratic Citizens' Initiative. In all cases, the citizens' parties still needed to collect the 7,000 signatures necessary for participating in the elections.

Controversy

Al Jazeera reported voter apathy due to scandals and disappointment with politicians. During the campaign there were also allegations of fraud and an illegal wiretapping scandal. The day before the election, a printing press in Kostinbrod was raided and 350,000 alleged illegally printed ballots were recovered. BSP leader Sergey Stanishev said that this was preparation for fraud with 10 percent of the electoral turnout being falsified for about 25 constituencies. He said: "This is a scandal unseen in Bulgaria so far." There was also allegations of illegal wiretapping of politicians. Prosecutors suggested former Interior Minister Tsvetan Tsvetanov was responsible with media revealing Borisov's alleged summons of Sofia's chief prosecutor to discuss details of the bribery probe. The OSCE's monitoring delegation member Eoghan Murphy said of the fraudulent ballot papers: "It's not for us to investigate these matters. It is for the Bulgarian authorities, but we will be interested in their assessment of the situation and how they deal with the matter as reported." In their post-election press-conferences and press interviews, many of the parties stated that the vote should be invalidated because of the so-called "ballot-gate".

The revelation of the illegal ballots was made on the day before the election, designated "day for thought", when no political campaigning is allowed. Most of the major parties held press conferences immediately after the revelation, after which the Prosecutor's office made a formal announcement on the matter. The Prosecution was then accused by GERB that their announcement "cost them 5-6% of the vote", and four days later, in their first press conference since election night, Borisov stated that he will officially ask for an invalidation of the vote.

Opinion polls

PollsterDateGERBBSPDPSAtakaDSBSDSDBGRefLast election5 July 200939.717.714.09.46.8—
NCIOM10 May**34**25139url=http://www.blitz.bg/news/article/198714title=НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ с 9% преднина пред БСПdate=2013-05-10access-date=2013-05-10}}
Skala10 May**26.8**26.411.59.24.03.15.4
Mediana10 May**32.0**31.511.68.0~4url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/05/10/2057498_galup_paritet_mejdu_gerb_i_bsp_mediana_osnovnite/title="Галъп": Паритет между ГЕРБ и БСП, "Медиана": основните политически опоненти са наравноpublisher=Dnevnikdate=2013-05-10access-date=2013-05-10}}
Gallup BBSS10 May**29-35**28-3210-127-93-5
Alfa Research9 May**33**28107.52.724url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/05/09/2056941_alfa_risurch_chetiri_partii_vlizat_v_parlamenta_edna_e/title="Алфа Рисърч": Четири партии влизат в парламента, една е почти сигурнаpublisher=Dnevnikdate=2013-05-09access-date=2013-05-09}}
Afis8 May**21.8**19.56.05.83.4url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/05/08/2055956_afis_kampaniiata_vuzkresi_rzs_pone_pet_partii_vlizat_v/title="Афис": Кампанията възкреси РЗС, поне пет партии влизат в парламентаpublisher=Dnevnikdate=2013-05-08access-date=2013-05-08}}
MBMD29 April**28.3**18.75.25.2~24.1url=http://www.dnes.bg/izbori-2013/2013/04/29/borisov-vkarva-108-deputati-v-sledvashtoto-ns-izchisli-mbmd.186855title=Борисов вкарва 108 депутати в следващото НС, изчисли МБМДpublisher=dnes.bgdate=2013-04-29access-date=2013-04-29}}
NCIOM28 April**23.6**17.76.04.93.0url=http://www.24chasa.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1952322title=НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 23,6%, БСП - 17,7%, 22% се колебаятpublisher=24 часаdate=2013-04-28access-date=2013-04-28}}
Mediana25 April**23.3**21.46.25.52.10.94.5url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1942660title=Разликата между ГЕРБ и БСП се топиpublisher=Трудdate=2013-04-25access-date=2013-04-26archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426095714/http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1942660archive-date=2013-04-26url-status=dead}}
CAM24 April**24.1**18.26.14.81.21.04.4url=http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=149839title=New Poll Gives GERB 6% Lead over Bulgaria's Socialistsdate=2013-04-24access-date=2013-04-25}}
Afis19 April**24.0**18.95.05.41.10.73.1url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/04/19/2045052_afis_gerb_e_izcherpala_potenciala_si_bsp_ima_nakude_da/?ref=rsstitle="Афис": ГЕРБ е изчерпала потенциала си, БСП има накъде да расте до изборитеpublisher=в. Дневникdate=2013-04-19access-date=2013-04-19}}
NCIOM19 April**23.9**17.56.25.22.00.73.1url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1930448title=НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ запазва преднината си пред БСПpublisher=в. Трудdate=2013-04-19access-date=2013-04-19archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421134612/http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1930448archive-date=2013-04-21url-status=dead}}
Alfa Research18 April**22.5**16.94.84.91.80.62.9url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/04/18/2044151_alfa_risurch_gerb_zapazva_predninata_pred_bsp/title="Алфа Рисърч": ГЕРБ запазва преднината пред БСП, избирателната активност растеpublisher=dnevnik.bgdate=2013-04-18access-date=2013-04-18 }}
Gallup BBSS17 April**22.8**19.94.95.71.21.23.9url=http://pressadaily.bg/publication/13254-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%93%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%91-%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%9F-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82-%E2%80%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%E2%80%9C/title=Шансовете на ГЕРБ и БСП остават "на кантар"publisher=Пресаdate=2013-04-17access-date=2013-04-17}}
Mediana12 April**26.4**23.75.86.22.41.84.5url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1913546title=ГЕРБ срещу БСП с преднина 2,7%publisher=Трудdate=2013-04-11access-date=2013-04-12archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414230556/http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1913546archive-date=2013-04-14url-status=dead}}
NCIOM4 April**24.4**17.56.55.02.00.73.5url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1894534title=НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 24,4%, БСП - 17,5%publisher=в. Трудdate=2013-04-04access-date=2013-04-04archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406024149/http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1894534archive-date=2013-04-06url-status=dead}}
MBMD2 April**30.1**15.65.04.42.7url=http://komentator.bg/%D0%9C%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%94-%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-n-3992archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628015443/http://komentator.bg/%D0%9C%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%94-%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-n-3992url-status=deadarchive-date=2013-06-28title=МБМД огласи официално "онова" изследванеpublisher=komentator.bgdate=2013-04-02access-date=2013-04-02}}
Skala2 April**25.3**20.214.09.96.0url=http://pik.bg/%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1-253-%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BF-202-news65393.htmltitle=ГЕРБ 25,3%, БСП 20,2publisher=ПИКdate=2013-04-02access-date=2013-04-02}}
Modern Politics2 April**24.8**20.65.64.93.60.74.3url=http://www.modernpolitics.org/?p=3578title=Обществени нагласи през месец мартpublisher=Институт за модерна политикаdate=2013-04-02access-date=2013-04-02}}
Alfa Research1 April**21.9**17.44.85.51.80.63.9url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/04/01/2033230_alfa_risurch_ako_izborite_biaha_dnes_-_gerb_bsp_dps/title="Алфа Рисърч": Ако изборите бяха днес - ГЕРБ, БСП, ДПС, "Атака" и "България на гражданите" влизат в парламентаpublisher=dnevnik.bgdate=2013-04-01access-date=2013-04-01}}
Sova Harris23 March**19.0**18.75.25.00.70.71.6url=http://www.blitz.bg/news/article/189698title=СДС и ДСБ са под чертата на изборите - Меглена Кунева също е аут, "Атака" върви нагореpublisher=blitz.bgdate=2013-03-23access-date=2013-03-27}}
Mediana17 March**21.3**20.47.94.31.51.45.1url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1847836title=Отново ли "ГЕРБ на власт"?publisher=Трудdate=2013-03-18access-date=2013-03-18archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321034938/http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1847836archive-date=2013-03-21url-status=dead}}
Gallup BBSS15 March**19.7**18.65.25.00.70.73.0url=http://pressadaily.bg/publication/11386-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BDtitle=Кунева губи, печели Воленpublisher=Пресаdate=2013-03-16access-date=2013-03-18}}
Modern Politics8 March**24.1**20.34.63.62.11.12.7url=http://www.modernpolitics.org/?p=3526title=Обществени нагласи по време на кризаpublisher=Институт за модерна политикаdate=2013-03-08access-date=2013-03-18}}
Mediana15 February19.3**22.5**6.83.61.41.65.9url= http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=147850title= Bulgaria: Bulgarian Ruling Party Would Lose Electionspublisher= Novinite.comdate=2013-02-15access-date= 2013-02-20}}
Gallup BBSS14 February**22.6**22.17.31.21.30.94.8url=http://frognews.bg/news_51641/Spored_Galap_-_po_ravno_Mediana_dade_predimstvo_na_BSP/title=Според "Галъп" - по равно, "Медиана" даде предимство на БСПpublisher=frognews.comdate=2013-02-15access-date=2013-02-20}}
  • The electoral threshold is 4%.

Results

Results of the election, showing vote strength by electoral district.
Distribution of votes by constituency
Distribution of seats by constituency

There were 6.9 million eligible voters. Voting ended at 21:00. There were also over 250 international electoral monitors. Turnout was 51.3%. Four parties passed the electoral threshold, winning seats in parliament. These four parties account for only 75.76% of all valid ballots cast.

Reactions

The election was noted for its low voter turnout. After voting finished, about 50 protesters congregated outside the election centre at the Palace of Culture in Sofia demanding GERB not be given a chance to form a new government. The protesters chanted "mafia" and were involved in brief scuffles with the police. Sergei Stanishev, leader of the second-place Bulgarian Socialist Party, dismissed GERB's chances of forming a government and expressed willingness to negotiate with the other two parties. GERB set a precedent by not holding the traditional post-election press conference for elected parties, and they stayed out of the media for four days until the finalized results came out on Thursday.

Government formation

Main article: Oresharski Government

On 24 May, Borisov returned the president's mandate to try and form a government. President Rosen Plevneliev then invited the BSP to form a government. Reuters speculated that the BSP and the DPS will put together a cabinet of non-partisan specialists. That will be approved if some of Attack's 23 MPs boycott the vote, as they did for the election of the new speaker, Mihail Mikov. Former Finance Minister Plamen Oresharski was nominated for the post of prime minister by the BSP and, after a meeting with the Movement for Rights and Freedoms, was appointed on 29 May. About his new cabinet, Oresharski said: "I have always been skeptical towards the division between leftists and rightists. There are some situations in which the most important thing is a rational and pragmatic approach. The main criterion for the composition of the cabinet is expertise."

References

References

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  2. (2013-05-08). "Q&A: Bulgaria's parliamentary elections". BBC.
  3. [http://www.euronews.com/2013/05/13/uncertainty-reigns-after-bulgarian-election-stalemate/ Uncertainty reigns after Bulgarian election stalemate] Euronews, 13 May 2013
  4. [http://sofiaglobe.com/2013/05/16/opposition-derision-for-borissovs-call-to-annul-may-12-elections/ Opposition, derision for Borissov’s call to annul May 12 elections] Sofia Globe, 16 May 2013
  5. Cage, Sam. (20 February 2013). "Bulgarian government resigns amid growing protests". Reuters.
  6. [http://www.electionguide.org/election.php?ID=2355 Election Profile] IFES
  7. [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2045_B.htm Electoral system] IPU
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  48. Buckley, Neil. (2013-05-29). "Bulgaria parliament votes for a 'Mario Monti' to lead government". FT.com.
Info: Wikipedia Source

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