2005 Surinamese general election

Background

Suriname became independent from the Netherlands in 1975 and in 1980 a coup brought the military to power. By 1982 Desi Bouterse had become head of state and remained in effective control of Suriname until international pressure led to a return to democracy in 1991. The 1991 elections saw the opposition New Front for Democracy and Development win the election and Ronald Venetiaan became president for the first time.

In the 1996 elections Venetiaan and the New Front were defeated by National Democratic Party (NDP) led by a former aide to Bouterse, Jules Wijdenbosch. However soaring inflation meant a new election was called one year early in 2000.

Campaign

383 candidates spread over ten parties and alliances contested the election, with opinion polls and political analysts in the run up to the election showing that approximately 30% of voters were unsure of whom to vote for. The governing New Front was expected to lose seats in the election despite incumbent Ronald Venetiaan being seen as the most popular candidate for president. The New Front campaigned on their economic record for the previous five years in power.

Both the Netherlands, the former colonial ruler of Suriname, and the United States said that relations with Suriname would suffer if the main opposition party, the National Democratic Party, led by Desi Bouterse came back to power. Bouterse had been convicted in the Netherlands for drug smuggling and was accused of involvement in the killing of 15 people in 1982 when he was the military ruler of Suriname.

Two parties of international election monitors from the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) were sent to observe the election. The OAS observers also described the election as having been peaceful and having taken place in a friendly atmosphere.

Results

No party or alliance won a majority of the seats in the election and none came close to getting the two-thirds of seats required to elect a new president. The New Front for Democracy and Development won 23 seats, a drop of 10 from the previous parliament, while the opposition National Democratic Party more than doubled their number of seats to 15. There was surprise at the performance of the new A-Combination alliance which won 5 seats, the same number as the People's Alliance for Progress of former president Jules Wijdenbosch. Two political parties made allegations of fraud in the election but the Independent Election Authority did not find them to be justified.

Aftermath

Following the election the National Assembly had two months to elect a president who would then appoint a government. The New Front party reached an agreement at the beginning of June to bring the A Combination alliance into government giving them a majority in parliament but still short of the two-thirds required to elect a president. The leader of the National Democratic Party, Bouterse, did not stand in the presidential election after reaching an agreement with the People's Alliance for Progress to back Rabin Parmessar.

In the first two rounds of the presidential election 27 members of the parliament voted for the New Front candidate, incumbent president Ronald Venetiaan, while 20 voted for Rabin Parmessar. As neither candidate received a two-thirds majority, the election was taken to the People’s Assembly. In the People’s Assembly, which was composed of members of parliament, provincial and district councils, a simple majority was required to be elected president. In the election on 3 August 2005 Venetiaan won 560 votes as against 315 for Parmessar and so was re-elected as president of Suriname.

References

References

1. "Wednesday’s Suriname Election: No Small Matter". [[Council on Hemispheric Affairs]].
2. (2005-05-24). "Brazil and US Following Closely Suriname's Presidential Elections". Brazzil Magazine}} {{Dead link.
3. "SURINAME: Nationale Assemblee (National Assembly)". [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]].
4. (2005-05-25). "New Front coalition set to win most seats in Suriname elections". Caribbean Net News.
5. (2005-05-26). "Voters head to polls to choose new parliament in Suriname". Caribbean Net News.
6. (2005-05-25). "Election day in Surinam". [[Radio Netherlands Worldwide]].
7. (2005-05-26). "Suriname elections inconclusive". [[BBC Online]].
8. (2005-05-26). "President 'leads' Surinam's poll". [[BBC Online]].
9. (2005-05-30). "Suriname elections an ‘example for Caribbean’". Caribbean Net News }}{{dead link.
10. (2005-05-27). "OAS commends Suriname on peaceful elections". Caribbean Net News.
11. (2005-05-27). "Suriname voters reject New Front coalition". Caribbean Net News.
12. (2005-06-27). "Suriname parliamentary vote deemed valid". Caribbean Net News }}{{dead link.
13. (2005-05-27). "Surinam election ends in deadlock". [[BBC Online]].
14. (2005-06-02). "Suriname Maroons share power". BBC Online.
15. (2005-07-18). "Former Suriname dictator abandons presidential bid". Caribbean Net News.
16. (2005-07-27). "Third round necessary to elect Surinamese president". Caribbean Net News.
17. (2005-08-03). "Suriname president wins re-election". [[Mlive.com]].