2004 Philippine House of Representatives elections

Electoral system

The House of Representatives shall have not more than 250 members, unless otherwise fixed by law, of which 20% shall be elected via the party-list system, while the rest are elected via congressional districts.

In this election, there are 209 seats voted via first-past-the-post in single-member districts. Each province, and a city with a population of 250,000, is guaranteed a seat, with more populous provinces and cities divided into two or more districts.

Congress has the power of redistricting three years after each census.

As there are 209 congressional districts, there shall be 52 seats available under the party-list system. A party has to cross the 2% electoral threshold to win a guaranteed seat. Next, the court ruled that the first-placed party should always have more seats than the other parties, and that the prior 2%–4%–6% method will only be used for the first-placed party. As for parties that got 2% of the vote but did not have the most votes, they will automatically have one more seat, then any extra seats will be determined via dividing their votes to the number of votes of the party with the most votes, then the quotient will be multiplied by the number of seats the party with the most votes has. The product, disregarding decimals (it is not rounded), will be the number of seats a party will get.

Redistricting

Reapportioning (redistricting) the number of seats is either via national reapportionment three years after the release of every census, or via piecemeal redistricting for every province or city. National reapportionment has not happened since the 1987 constitution took effect, and aside from piecemeal redistricting, the apportionment was based on the ordinance from the constitution, which was in turn based from the 1980 census.

Three new districts were created, all within Metro Manila and its bordering cities.

Changes from the outgoing Congress

• Division of Parañaque's at-large congressional district to two districts
  • Parañaque's western barangays becomes the 1st district.
  • The eastern barangays becomes the 2nd district.
  • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 9229.
• Division of Bulacan's 4th congressional district to two districts
  • San Jose del Monte becomes its own at-large district.
  • The rest of the 4th district was left intact.
  • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 9320.
• Division of Antipolo's at-large congressional district to two districts
  • Antipolo's western barangays becomes the 1st district.
  • The rest of the city becomes the 2nd district.
  • Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 9232.

Results

District elections

Party-list election

References

Bibliography

• {{cite book
• {{cite book

References

1. Quezon, Manuel III. (2007-06-06). "An abnormal return to normality". PCIJ.org.
2. "VFP v. COMELEC".
3. Tiongson-Mayrina, Karen. (2016-02-02). "Is 'piecemeal' redistricting a questionable process?". [[GMA News Online]].
4. (December 17, 2003). "An Act Amending Sections 8(a) of Republic Act No. 8507 Entitled, "An Act Converting the Municipality of Parañaque Into a Highly Urbanized City to Be Known as the City of Parañaque"". The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation, Inc..
5. (December 22, 2003). "An Act Amending Sections 2, 11 (a) and 55 of Republic Act Numbered Eighty-five Hundred and Eight Entitled "an Act Converting the Municipality of Antipolo Into a Component City to Be Known as the City of Antipolo." and Appropriating Funds Therefor". [[Official Gazette (Philippines)]].