2002 Winter Olympics torch relay

Planning

Preparations for the torch relay began in March 1999, when the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) issued a Request for Proposals from contractors to plan the relay route, including security and marketing plans. In May, the contract was awarded to Além International Management, Inc., a logistics consulting firm which had previously organized the Olympic torch relays in 1996 and 1998, and was then planning the relay for 2000. Planning of the relay itself began in June, with organizers announcing that the scope of the event would be determined by sponsorships, as all organizing costs would be paid by the relay's sponsors as opposed to state and national governments.

In February 2000, The Coca-Cola Company and Chevrolet signed an agreement with SLOC to become the official relay sponsors, agreeing to pay two-thirds of the $25 million relay cost. The remainder of the cost would be paid for by official relay providers, such as Delta Air Lines, who flew the flame from Greece to the United States, and Union Pacific, whose trains transported the flame through parts of the United States.

The route produced by SLOC and Além was announced to the public on December 4, 2000. It would have the torch cover 13500 mi, passing through 46 of the 50 U.S. states, and be carried by 12,012 torchbearers. The torch would pass through 300 communities, stopping twice a day: once for a midday celebration and then in a larger populated city for the night. 120 of the 300 communities would host the special celebrations, which would allow large groups of people to participate in the Olympic spirit. It also allowed each community to show off local talent, its people, and history. Atlanta, New York City, and Salt Lake City were all selected as special signature cities, and they would host large relay celebrations which would be paid for, planned, and controlled by SLOC. Later plans for special commemorations of September 11, 2001, along the relay route in Washington, D.C., and New York City, would be added to the route plan. The torch and all relay marketing would be designed to closely follow the 2002 Olympic theme Light the Fire Within and the look of the games theme Land of Contrast - Fire and Ice.

In February 2001, the nomination process for torchbearers was begun. SLOC had decided on a theme of Inspire for the Torchbearers, and people were encouraged to nominate those who inspire others. Of the 12,012 torchbearer positions, SLOC, Coca-Cola, and Chevrolet each got to select one-third of the nominees, while a few were reserved for providers and special guests at the Opening Ceremony. SLOC received approximately 50,000 nominations for its 3,500 positions, so applications were separated by ZIP code then sent to a local community judging panel who scored the applications and selected the torchbearers for their area. Coca-Cola and Chevrolet both received more than 120,000 applications for their positions, and both used a random selection process to choose torchbearers.

SLOC president Mitt Romney was scheduled to release the names of the selected torchbearers in a press conference at New York City's Battery Park on September 12, 2001. The press conference had initially been set for the morning of September 11, but it was postponed by one day to allow Romney to lobby Congress for additional Olympics security funding. The event was canceled entirely due to the September 11 attacks, which destroyed the World Trade Center towers a few blocks away from the park. The announcement of the torchbearers' names was postponed until October 4, when they were unveiled in an event on the steps of the Utah State Capitol.

Relay elements

Torch

The 2002 Olympic Torch, engineered and manufactured by Coleman, was modeled after an icicle, with a slight curve to represent speed and fluidity. The Torch measured 33 in long, 3 in wide at the top, 0.5 in at the bottom, and was designed by Axiom Design of Salt Lake City. It was created with three sections, each with its own meaning and representation.

The top section was glass, and the Olympic flame burned within the glass, echoing the 2002 Olympic theme Light the Fire Within. The glass stood for purity, winter, ice, and nature. Also inside the glass was a geometric copper structure which helped hold the flame. Copper is a very important natural element of Utah, and represented fire, warmth, Utah's History, and mirrored the orange/red colors of the theme Fire and Ice. The center section was made of silver and finished to look old and worn, while the bottom section was made of clean, highly polished silver. The center section represented the silver mining heritage of the American West, while the bottom section represented the future and modern technology. The Torchbearer gripped the torch at the junction of both the aged and polished silver, during which their hand represented a bridge from the past to the present. The two silver sections also mirrored the blue/purple colors of the Fire and Ice theme.

Modes of transportation

The Olympic torch was carried through a variety of modes, including runners, skiers, motor vehicles, aircraft, boats, canoes, and bicycles.

Aircraft

Delta Air Lines, one of the relay providers, was responsible for carrying the flame across the Atlantic Ocean from Athens, Greece, to the United States. A Boeing 777, known as the Soaring Spirit, decorated in Olympic-themed livery carried the Olympic flame in a ceremonial lantern from Greece to Atlanta, Georgia, during an 11-hour flight.

Railroad car

Union Pacific, another of the relay providers, used a specially designed railroad car to carry the flame across various areas of the United States (mainly rural and desert areas). Coined the "Cauldron Car", it was part of Union Pacific's "Olympic Train", which included two diesel locomotives (UP Numbers: 2001 & 2002), 13 passenger cars, and 3 service cars with the cauldron car serving as the caboose. The entire train was painted in Olympic livery, using Salt Lake's "Look of the Games" style, known as "Land of Contrast - Fire and Ice". The cauldron car contained a 2 million-BTU burner, to keep the flame burning, was originally used during the torch relay for the 1996 Summer Olympics, and was simply redesigned and repainted for the 2002 games. The Olympic train carried the flame on four separate occasions during the 2002 torch relay, for a total of more than 3200 mi through 11 states. Following the games the cauldron car was donated to the Utah State Railroad Museum at Union Station, where it is currently on display. In anticipation of the torch relay Overland Models (model railroading) created an H0 scale model of the Olympic Train, which included the two locomotives and several of the passenger cars.

The Heber Valley Historic Railroad also played a role in the torch relay. Its historic steam locomotives were joined by another from the Nevada Northern Railway Museum, and together they were known as the Olympic Steam Team. During the games all three locomotives would pull their own eight-car train loaded with spectators to the Soldier Hollow Olympic venue. The day prior to the Opening Ceremony of the games, all three locomotives were combined into one triple-headed train, and used to transport the Olympic flame from Soldier Hollow to Heber City, Utah, as part of the torch relay.

Route

On November 19, 2001, the first 2002 Olympic torch was lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece. Greek actress Thalia Prokopiou played the role of high priestess and lit the torch using a flame kept in a clay urn. Usually the torch is lit using a parabolic mirror and the sun's rays, but for the third games in a row, cloudy conditions prevented that from happening during the ceremony. The weekend prior to the lighting ceremony, the flame held in the clay urn had been lit using the parabolic mirror and the sun's rays in case of this situation. Following the ceremony, a two-day Greek torch relay carried the flame to the Panathenian stadium in Athens, Greece, where it burned in a cauldron for two weeks.

On December 3, 2001, a Greek skier, Thanassis Tsailas, lit a 2002 Olympic torch from a flame in the cauldron, which in turn was used to light a ceremonial lantern. This lantern was then flown aboard the Soaring Spirit to Atlanta, Georgia, where it arrived on the morning of December 4. The lantern was unloaded and Bonnie Blair used its flame to light a temporary cauldron to be used at the celebration in Atlanta. During this celebration, Muhammad Ali lit a 2002 Olympic torch from the flame in the temporary cauldron, which he then passed to Olympians Peggy Fleming and Bob Paul, who began the 2002 Winter Olympics torch relay.

Some elements of the torch relay route were altered or canceled in the wake of the September 11 attacks. Special commemorations were held when the torch passed through Washington, D.C. and New York City, and several survivors, family members of victims, and first responders were given the opportunity to carry the torch. Additionally, the torch was planned to be carried by seaplane from Orlando to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, but this was canceled at the last minute because the seaplane operator was concerned about terrorism.

Gallery

File:Boeing 777-200.jpg|Delta's Soaring Spirit was used to transport the flame from Greece to the United States. File:2002 Olympic Torch Relay George W Bush.jpg|President George W. Bush, with the flame behind, speaks at the White House. File:2002 Olympic Torch Pentagon c.jpg|The flame during a ceremony at The Pentagon. File:Salt Lake 2002 torch cu.jpg|Close-up of the 2002 Winter Olympic torch File:Olympic flame.jpg|The flame passes through North College Hill, Ohio.

Notes

References

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