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2002 South Korean presidential election
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| country | Republic of Korea |
| flag_year | 1997 |
| type | presidential |
| previous_election | 1997 South Korean presidential election |
| previous_year | 1997 |
| next_election | 2007 South Korean presidential election |
| next_year | 2007 |
| turnout | 70.83% ( 9.82pp) |
| election_date | 19 December 2002 |
| image1 | Roh Moo-hyun presidential portrait.jpg |
| nominee1 | **Roh Moo-hyun** |
| party1 | Millennium Democratic Party |
| popular_vote1 | **12,014,277** |
| percentage1 | **48.91%** |
| image2 | Lee Hoi-chang (2010) (cropped).jpg |
| nominee2 | Lee Hoi-chang |
| party2 | Grand National Party |
| color2 | |
| popular_vote2 | 11,443,297 |
| percentage2 | 46.59% |
| map | {{Switcher |
| title | President |
| before_election | Kim Dae-jung |
| before_party | Independent (politician) |
| after_election | Roh Moo-hyun |
| after_party | Millennium Democratic Party |
| [[File:2002 Republic of Korea Presidential Election, Municipal-level divisions.svg|300px]] | Results by municipal-level divisions | [[File:2002 Republic of Korea Presidential Election, Provincial-level divisions.svg|300px]] | Results by provincial-level divisions
Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 19 December 2002. The result was a victory for Roh Moo-Hyun of the ruling Millennium Democratic Party, who defeated Lee Hoi-chang of the Grand National Party by just over half a million votes.
Background
Main article: Presidential elections in South Korea#Procedure (1987–present)
President Kim Dae-jung's National Congress for New Politics (NCNP) re-branded itself to Millennium Democratic Party (MDP) in 2000, but was struggling as it had been defeated by the Grand National Party (GNP) in both the 2000 legislative election and the 2002 local elections. GNP's then leader and probable presidential nominee Lee Hoi-chang was polling higher than any MDP candidates.
Primaries
Millennium Democratic Party
For the first time in South Korean history, the Democratic Party nominated its presidential candidate through open primaries.
At the beginning of the primaries, Rhee In-je, the 3-term congressman who ran against President Kim Dae-jung in 1997 but afterwards joined the ruling party, led the other candidates by a considerable margin in every poll. However, fringe candidate Roh Moo-hyun rose to prominence after winning the Gwangju contest, eventually winning his party's nomination and then the presidential election.
Candidates
- Roh Moo-hyun, former Member of National Assembly from Busan
- Lee In-je, former Governor of Gyeonggi
- Chung Dong-young, Member of National Assembly from North Jeolla
- Kim Joong-kwon, former Member of National Assembly from North Gyeongsang
- Han Hwa-gap, former Member of National Assembly from South Jeolla
- Yu Jong-geun, Governor of North Jeolla
- Kim Geun-tae, Member of National Assembly from Seoul
Results
| Contest | Roh | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moo-hyun | Chung | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dong-young | Lee | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-je | Kim | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Joong-kwon | Han | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hwa-gap | Yu | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jong-geun | Kim | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geun-tae | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | **Total** | |||||||||
| Jeju | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 March | 125 | 18.6 | 110 | 16.4 | 172 | 25.6 | 55 | 8.2 | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **175** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **26.1** | 18 | 2.7 | 16 | 2.4 | ||||||||
| Ulsan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 March | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **298** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **29.4** | 65 | 6.4 | 222 | 21.9 | 281 | 27.8 | 116 | 11.5 | 20 | 2.0 | 10 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Gwangju | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 March | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **595** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **37.9** | 54 | 3.4 | 491 | 31.3 | 148 | 9.4 | 280 | 17.9 | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Daejeon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 March | 219 | 16.5 | 54 | 4.1 | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **894** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **67.5** | 81 | 6.1 | 77 | 5.8 | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| South Chungcheong | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23 March | 277 | 14.2 | 39 | 2.0 | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **1,432** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **73.7** | 196 | 10.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Gangwon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 March | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **630** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **42.5** | 71 | 4.8 | 623 | 42.0 | 159 | 10.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| South Gyeongsang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 March | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **1,713** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **72.2** | 191 | 8.1 | 468 | 19.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| North Jeolla | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 March | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **756** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **34.3** | 738 | 33.5 | 710 | 32.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Daegu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 April | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **1,137** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **62.3** | 181 | 9.9 | 506 | 27.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Incheon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 April | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **1,022** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **51.9** | 131 | 6.7 | 816 | 41.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| North Gyeongsang | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 April | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **1,246** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **59.4** | 183 | 8.7 | 668 | 31.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| North Chungcheong | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 April | 387 | 32.1 | 83 | 6.9 | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **734** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **61.0** | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| South Jeolla | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 April | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **1,297** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **62.0** | 340 | 16.3 | 454 | 21.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Busan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 April | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **1,328** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **62.5** | 796 | 37.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Gyeonggi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21 April | 1,191 | 45.5 | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **1,426** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **54.5** | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Internet voting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 26 April | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **1,423** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **81.3** | 327 | 18.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Seoul | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27 April | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **3,924** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **66.5** | 1,978 | 33.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||
| Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **17,577** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000)}}" | **72.2** | 6,767 | 27.8 | Withdrew | Withdrew | Withdrew | Withdrew | Withdrew |
Grand National Party
Candidates
- Lee Hoi-chang, former Prime Minister
- Choi Byung-ryul, Member of the National Assembly from Seoul
- Lee Bu-young, Member of the National Assembly from Seoul
- Lee Sang-hee, former Minister of Science and Technology
Results
| Contest | Lee | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hoi-chang | Choi | ||||||||||||||
| Byung-ryul | Lee | ||||||||||||||
| Bu-young | Lee | ||||||||||||||
| Sang-hee | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | **Total** | ||||||
| Incheon | |||||||||||||||
| 13 April | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 79 | 5.6 | 201 | 14.3 | 10 | 0.7 | |||||||
| Ulsan | |||||||||||||||
| 18 April | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 206 | 27.2 | 73 | 9.7 | 31 | 4.1 | |||||||
| Jeju | |||||||||||||||
| 20 April | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 65 | 13.2 | 48 | 12.1 | 18 | 2.2 | |||||||
| Gangwon | |||||||||||||||
| 23 April | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 101 | 9.1 | 71 | 6.4 | 44 | 4.0 | |||||||
| North Gyeongsang and Daegu | |||||||||||||||
| 24 April | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 427 | 11.4 | 133 | 3.5 | 54 | 1.4 | |||||||
| North Jeolla | |||||||||||||||
| 27 April | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 117 | 12.6 | 278 | 29.9 | 31 | 3.3 | |||||||
| South Gyeongsang and Busan | |||||||||||||||
| 28 April | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 934 | 22.6 | 197 | 4.8 | 103 | 2.5 | |||||||
| South Chungcheong and Daejeon | |||||||||||||||
| 30 April | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 153 | 7.8 | 124 | 6.3 | 45 | 2.3 | |||||||
| South Jeolla and Gwangju | |||||||||||||||
| 2 May | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 368 | 17.9 | 512 | 24.9 | 67 | 3.3 | |||||||
| Gyeonggi | |||||||||||||||
| 4 May | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 424 | 12.3 | 486 | 14.1 | 81 | 2.3 | |||||||
| North Chungcheong | |||||||||||||||
| 7 May | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 152 | 18.6 | 60 | 7.3 | 15 | 1.8 | |||||||
| Seoul | |||||||||||||||
| 9 May | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 1,668 | 34.5 | 743 | 15.3 | 109 | 2.3 | |||||||
| Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | 4,694 | 18.3 | 2,926 | 11.4 | 608 | 2.4 |
Democratic Labor Party
Labor activist Kwon Young-ghil of the Democratic Labor Party was nominated for president.
Campaign
Although corruption scandals marred the incumbent government, Lee Hoi-chang's campaign suffered from the wave of Anti-American sentiment in Korea generated by the Yangju highway incident. Public opinion of Lee, who was widely seen as being both pro-U.S. and the preferred candidate of the George W. Bush administration in Washington, D.C., suffered. After losing to Roh by 2% in the December 2002 elections, Lee subsequently announced his retirement from politics.
Roh-Chung coalition
Chung Mong-joon, the 3-term independent congressman from Ulsan and son of Hyundai founder Chung Ju-yung, became so popular that he began appearing on polls for presidential election after he, as the president of the Korean Football Association, was credited for winning the right to host 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea.
Chung officially launched his presidential campaign in September, and in many polls beat Roh and came close to beating Lee. Many Democratic politicians that weren't happy with Roh's nomination joined Chung's campaign. However, when it seemed clear that if both Roh and Chung ran, Lee would win easily. The two sides decided to combine forces, instead of competing against each other.
The two sides agreed on conducting two polls, each by different polling companies, where the winner would run as the unified candidate. The winner had to win both polls, or a second round had to occur.
So the two poll was conducted on 24 November, but only one validated. The other one was invalidated, as the two sides had agreed that any poll with Lee Hoi-chang polling less than 30.4% must be invalidated, since there could be a chance that Lee's supporters were attempting to manipulate the results by responding with an untrue answer.
The only poll that was validated was the one conducted by the Research and Research, and it was won by Roh.
Consequently, Chung withdrew his candidacy and endorsed Roh.
| Candidate | Research and Research Poll | # of polls won |
|---|---|---|
| Roh | 46.8% | 1 |
| Chung | 42.2% | 0 |
| Lee | 32.1% | - |
However, Chung later broke his pledge on the night before the election, when he felt that Roh broke the promise to include Chung in for policy decisions and surrounded himself only with Democrats. Chung announced less than eight hours before the election that he was withdrawing his support for Roh and urged people to vote their conscience, but Roh won anyway.
Results
대한민국의 종교정당}}|votes5=51104
By province and city
| Province/City | Roh Moo-hyun | Lee Hoi-chang | Kwon Young-ghil | Lee Han-dong | Kim Gil-soo | Kim Yeong-gyu | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}" | Grand National Party (1997)}}" | Democratic Labor Party (South Korea)}}" | Others}}" | Others}}" | Socialist Party (South Korea)}}" | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **2,792,957** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **51.30** | 2,447,376 | 44.96 | 179,790 | 3.30 | 12,724 | 0.23 | 6,437 | 0.12 | 4,706 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||||||
| Busan | 587,946 | 29.86 | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **1,314,274** | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **66.75** | 61,281 | 3.11 | 2,148 | 0.11 | 2,064 | 0.10 | 1,380 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||||||
| Daegu | 240,745 | 18.68 | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **1,002,164** | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **77.75** | 42,174 | 3.27 | 1,699 | 0.13 | 1,317 | 0.10 | 810 | 0.06 | ||||||||||||||||
| Incheon | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **611,766** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **49.83** | 547,205 | 44.57 | 61,655 | 5.02 | 3,600 | 0.29 | 1,978 | 0.16 | 1,612 | 0.13 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gwangju | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **715,182** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **95.18** | 26,869 | 3.58 | 7,243 | 0.96 | 803 | 0.11 | 1,014 | 0.13 | 305 | 0.04 | ||||||||||||||||
| Daejeon | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **369,046** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **55.18** | 266,760 | 39.88 | 29,728 | 4.44 | 1,157 | 0.17 | 1,408 | 0.21 | 747 | 0.11 | ||||||||||||||||
| Ulsan | 178,584 | 35.27 | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **267,737** | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **52.88** | 57,786 | 11.41 | 997 | 0.20 | 716 | 0.14 | 502 | 0.10 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gyeonggi | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **2,430,193** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **50.65** | 2,120,191 | 44.19 | 209,346 | 4.36 | 26,072 | 0.54 | 8,085 | 0.17 | 4,119 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gangwon | 316,722 | 41.51 | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **400,405** | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **52.48** | 38,722 | 5.08 | 3,406 | 0.45 | 2,713 | 0.36 | 969 | 0.13 | ||||||||||||||||
| North Chungcheong | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **365,623** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **50.42** | 311,044 | 42.89 | 41,731 | 5.75 | 3,205 | 0.44 | 2,610 | 0.36 | 949 | 0.13 | ||||||||||||||||
| South Chungcheong | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **474,531** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **52.16** | 375,110 | 41.23 | 49,579 | 5.45 | 4,973 | 0.55 | 4,322 | 0.48 | 1,303 | 0.14 | ||||||||||||||||
| North Jeolla | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **966,053** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **91.59** | 65,334 | 6.19 | 14,904 | 1.41 | 2,505 | 0.24 | 5,187 | 0.49 | 817 | 0.08 | ||||||||||||||||
| South Jeolla | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **1,070,506** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **93.39** | 53,074 | 4.63 | 12,215 | 1.07 | 2,830 | 0.25 | 6,707 | 0.59 | 988 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||||||
| North Gyeongsang | 311,358 | 21.65 | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **1,056,446** | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **73.47** | 62,522 | 4.35 | 3,332 | 0.23 | 2,936 | 0.20 | 1,344 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||||||
| South Gyeongsang | 434,642 | 27.08 | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **1,083,564** | Grand National Party (1997)}}; color:white;" | **67.52** | 79,853 | 4.98 | 2,832 | 0.18 | 2,629 | 0.16 | 1,224 | 0.08 | ||||||||||||||||
| Jeju | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **148,423** | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | **56.05** | 105,744 | 39.93 | 8,619 | 3.25 | 744 | 0.28 | 981 | 0.37 | 288 | 0.11 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | 12,014,277 | Democratic Party (South Korea, 2005)}}; color:white;" | 48.91 | 11,443,297 | 46.59 | 957,148 | 3.90 | 74,027 | 0.30 | 51,104 | 0.21 | 22,063 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||||||
| Source: [National Election Commission](http://info.nec.go.kr/) |
References
References
- "Elections: South Korea Presidential Dec 19 2002".
- "donga.com[정치:한나라당 경선]".
- link. (2002-09-09)
- (December 2012). "U.S.-Korea Relations: Trials, Tribulations, Threats, Tirades". Comparative Connections—An E-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations.
- link. (2002-09-08). [[The Dong-A Ilbo]]
- {{Citation. nozzang. (2008-06-13). link. (February 2022)
- "정몽준, 자서전서 "노무현 전 대통령 지지 철회 이유는…"".
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