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1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election

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FieldValue
election_name1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election
countryMinnesota
flag_year1983
typepresidential
ongoingno
previous_election1994 Minnesota gubernatorial election
previous_year1994
next_election2002 Minnesota gubernatorial election
next_year2002
election_dateNovember 3, 1998
image1File:Jesse Ventura 1996 (cropped).jpg
nominee1**Jesse Ventura**
running_mate1**Mae Schunk**
party1Reform Party of the United States of America
colour1
popular_vote1**773,713**
percentage1**36.99%**
image_sizex150px
image2File:Norm Coleman, official portrait (108th Congress).jpg
nominee2Norm Coleman
running_mate2Gen Olson
party2Republican Party of Minnesota
popular_vote2717,350
percentage234.29%
image3File:Hubert Humphrey III (cropped).jpg
nominee3Skip Humphrey
running_mate3Roger Moe
party3Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
colour3
popular_vote3587,528
percentage328.09%
map_image
map_size270px
map_caption**Ventura:**
**Coleman:**
**Humphrey:**
**Other:**
**Tie:**
titleGovernor
before_electionArne Carlson
before_partyRepublican Party of Minnesota
after_electionJesse Ventura
after_partyReform Party (Minnesota)

Coleman:
Humphrey:
Other:
Tie:
The 1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1998. Reform Party candidate Jesse Ventura, the former mayor of Brooklyn Park and a former professional wrestler, won office, defeating Republican St. Paul mayor Norm Coleman and DFL state attorney general Skip Humphrey. He succeeded Republican incumbent Arne Carlson. Ventura's victory as a third-party candidate was considered a historic major upset.

As of , the election marks the only time a Reform Party candidate won a major government office. It also remains the last time a third-party candidate won any statewide election in Minnesota. Ventura's vote share of 36.99% is the lowest for a Minnesota gubernatorial election winner since 1890.

Democratic–Farmer–Labor primary

Candidates

Nominee

  • Skip Humphrey, Attorney General of Minnesota and son of former Vice President of the United States Hubert Humphrey and former U.S. Senator Muriel Humphrey
    • Running mate: Roger Moe, Minnesota Senate Majority Leader from the 2nd district

Eliminated in primary

  • Ted Mondale, former State Senator from the 44th district and son of former Vice President Walter Mondale
    • Running mate: Deanna Winter, political reporter
  • Mike Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney and son of former Governor Orville Freeman
    • Running mate: Ruth Johnson, State Representative (HD24B)
  • Doug Johnson, State Senator (SD6) from the Iron Range and Chair of the Senate Committee on Taxation
    • Running mate: Tom Foley, former Ramsey County Attorney and Washington County Attorney
  • Mark Dayton, Minnesota State Auditor and son of businessman Bruce Dayton
    • Running mate: Julie Jansen, day care provider and environmental activist
  • Ole Savior, perennial candidate
    • Running mate: Ron Moseng

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorMark
DaytonMike
FreemanSkip
HumphreyDoug
JohnsonJohn
MartyTed
MondaleUndecided
Mason-DixonAugust 28–30, 1998317 (LV)± 5.6%23%10%**38%**4%–10%15%
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998326 (LV)± 5.5%10%13%**32%**4%3%12%26%
Mason-DixonFebruary 20–22, 1998319 (LV)± 5.6%7%9%**35%**6%5%11%26%

Results

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

  • Norm Coleman, mayor of St. Paul
    • Running mate: Gen Olson, State Senator from the 34th district

Eliminated in primary

  • Bill Dahn, retired auto mechanic

Withdrawn

  • Joanne Benson, lieutenant governor of Minnesota (endorsed Coleman)
  • Dick Borrell, businessman
  • Allen Quist, former state representative and candidate for governor in 1994 (endorsed Coleman)

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJoanne
BensonDick
BorrellNorm
ColemanBill
DahnAllen
QuistUndecided
Mason-DixonAugust 28–30, 1998317 (LV)± 5.8%––**75%**11%–14%
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998309 (LV)± 5.7%20%2%**39%**–13%26%
Mason-DixonFebruary 20–22, 1998319 (LV)± 5.6%14%–**37%**–11%34%

Results

Coleman won the Republican nomination by winning the primary with token opposition.

General election

Candidates

  • Norm Coleman, mayor of St. Paul (Republican)
    • Running mate: Gen Olson, State Senator (Rep-SD34)
  • Thomas Fiske (Socialist Workers)
  • Frank Germann (Libertarian)
  • Skip Humphrey, Attorney General of Minnesota and son of former Vice President of the United States Hubert Humphrey and former U.S. Senator Muriel Humphrey (DFL)
    • Running mate: Roger Moe, Minnesota Senate Majority Leader (SD2)
  • "Fancy" Ray McCloney ("People's Champion")
  • Ken Pentel (Green)
  • Jesse Ventura, former mayor of Brooklyn Park and professional wrestler (Reform)
    • Running mate: Mae Schunk, Inver Grove Heights teacher
  • Chris Wright (Grassroots)

Ventura ran unopposed in his party's primary.

Campaign

Humphrey was seen as the initial favorite, having scored a $6 billion settlement with the tobacco industry in May of that year. The DFL primary saw candidates mostly focusing on issues, rather than attacking Humphrey. Humphrey had nearly lost the party's endorsement to Mike Freeman. The Convention deadlock was broken when the labor caucus led by MAPE delegate David Schmidt, endorsed Skip Humphrey pushing him over the top. The primary was nicknamed the "My Three Sons" campaign, owing to the political pedigree of three of the candidates, Freeman, Mondale and Humphrey. and Mark Dayton, heir to the Dayton fortune. Humphrey was endorsed by the Star Tribune in the run up to November.

Coleman started as a strong challenger to Humphrey. Coleman received the Republican endorsement over more conservative candidates Allen Quist and Joanne Benson. Coleman ran as a social conservative, opposing abortion and gay marriage. He also campaigned on using the state's budget surplus to cut taxes, as well as expanding the state's school choice program to include school vouchers.

Ventura spent around $300,000 and combined it with an aggressive grassroots campaign that featured a statewide bus tour, pioneered use of the Internet for political purposes, and aired quirky TV ads designed by Bill Hillsman, who forged the phrase "Don't vote for politics as usual." Unable to afford many television ads, Ventura mainly focused on televised debates and public appearances, preaching his brand of libertarian politics. His speech at a parade in rural Minnesota during the summer attracted what organizers of the annual event described as one of its largest audiences. He ran on cutting taxes, reducing state government, and reducing public school classroom sizes to a 17 to 1 ratio. He also supported a public debate on the viability of legalized prostitution.

Polling

A poll taken in June showed that Coleman would defeat any other Democratic candidate than Humphrey; Humphrey would defeat Coleman 44% to 34%. However, Ventura polled in the double digits. No other candidate in the Reform Party's brief history in Minnesota has received more than 5 percent of the votes in a statewide election. Following the primary election in September, a poll on October 20 showed Humphrey leading 35% to Coleman (34%) and Ventura (21%). But the Star Tribune poll suggested that Ventura's surge with the voters had come mostly at Humphrey's expense. Since the primary, Humphrey's support among likely voters had dropped by 14 percentage points, while Coleman's had increased by 5 percentage points.

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Norm
Coleman (R)Skip
Humphrey (D)Undecided
Market Solutions GroupOctober 27–30, 19981,007 (A)± 3.0%27%30%**35%**8%
Mason-DixonOctober 23–25, 1998816 (RV)± 3.5%23%33%**34%**10%
Market Solutions GroupOctober 15–18, 1998806 (LV)± 3.5%21%34%**35%**10%
Mason-DixonOctober 10–13, 1998825 (RV)± 3.5%15%31%**44%**10%
Mason-DixonAugust 28–30, 1998812 (RV)± 3.5%13%29%**43%**15%
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (RV)± 3.5%7%30%**46%**17%

;Coleman vs. Humphrey

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorNorm
Coleman (R)Skip
Humphrey (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonOctober 23–25, 1998816 (RV)± 3.5%**42%**41%17%
Mason-DixonOctober 10–13, 1998825 (LV)± 3.5%31%**44%**25%
Minnesota Star TribuneSeptember 16–20, 19981,009 (A)± 4.3%29%**49%**22%
Mason-DixonAugust 28–30, 1998812 (LV)± 3.5%29%**43%**28%
Minnesota Star TribuneJuly 23–28, 19981,007 (LV)± 3.0%35%**39%**26%
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (LV)± 3.5%30%**46%**24%
Mason-DixonFebruary 20–22, 1998827 (RV)± 3.5%33%**39%**28%

;Ventura vs. Coleman vs. Dayton

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Norm
Coleman (R)Mark
Dayton (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonAugust 28–30, 1998812 (RV)± 3.5%12%34%**35%**19%

;Ventura vs. Coleman vs. Freeman

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Norm
Coleman (R)Mike
Freeman (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonAugust 28–30, 1998812 (RV)± 3.5%12%**36%**32%20%
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (RV)± 3.5%13%30%**39%**18%

;Ventura vs. Coleman vs. Johnson

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Norm
Coleman (R)Doug
Johnson (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonAugust 28–30, 1998812 (RV)± 3.5%8%**40%**25%27%

;Ventura vs. Coleman vs. Mondale

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Norm
Coleman (R)Ted
Mondale (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonAugust 28–30, 1998812 (RV)± 3.5%11%32%**35%**21%
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (RV)± 3.5%11%36%**37%**16%

;Ventura vs. Benson vs. Freeman

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Joanne
Benson (R)Mike
Freeman (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (RV)± 3.5%13%28%**35%**24%

;Ventura vs. Benson vs. Humphrey

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Joanne
Benson (R)Skip
Humphrey (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (RV)± 3.5%10%20%**55%**15%

;Ventura vs. Benson vs. Mondale

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Joanne
Benson (R)Ted
Mondale (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (RV)± 3.5%11%24%**45%**20%

;Ventura vs. Quist vs. Freeman

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Allen
Quist (R)Mike
Freeman (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (RV)± 3.5%14%19%**36%**31%

;Ventura vs. Quist vs. Humphrey

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Allen
Quist (R)Skip
Humphrey (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (RV)± 3.5%12%17%**56%**15%

;Ventura vs. Quist vs. Mondale

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJesse
Ventura (Rf)Allen
Quist (R)Ted
Mondale (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonMay 30 – June 1, 1998806 (RV)± 3.5%12%18%**51%**19%

;Coleman vs. Freeman

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorNorm
Coleman (R)Mike
Freeman (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonFebruary 20–22, 1998827 (RV)± 3.5%**36%**29%35%

;Coleman vs. Mondale

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorNorm
Coleman (R)Ted
Mondale (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonFebruary 20–22, 1998827 (RV)± 3.5%**34%**33%33%

;Benson vs. Freeman

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJoanne
Benson (R)Mike
Freeman (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonFebruary 20–22, 1998827 (RV)± 3.5%27%30%**43%**

;Benson vs. Humphrey

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJoanne
Benson (R)Skip
Humphrey (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonFebruary 20–22, 1998827 (RV)± 3.5%25%**49%**26%

;Benson vs. Mondale

Poll sourceDate(s)
administeredSample
sizeMargin
of errorJoanne
Benson (R)Ted
Mondale (D)Undecided
Mason-DixonFebruary 20–22, 1998827 (RV)± 3.5%26%**37%****37%**

Debate

No.DateHostModeratorLinkReformRepublicanDemocraticKey:
Participant Absent Not invited Invited WithdrawnReform Party (US)}}"Republican Party (US)}}"Democratic Party (US)}}"Jesse VenturaNorm ColemanSkip Humphrey1234
Oct. 1, 1998League of Women VotersJudy Duffy[C-SPAN](https://www.c-span.org/video/?113033-1/minnesota-gubernatorial-debate)
Oct. 16, 1998League of Women VotersCatherine Severin[C-SPAN](https://www.c-span.org/video/?113541-1/minnesota-gubernatorial-debate)
Oct. 24, 1998KARE (TV), KMSP-TV,
KSTP-TV & KTCAKen Stone[Twin Cities PBS](https://www.tpt.org/minnesotas-debate-98/video/minnesotas-debate-98-28219/)
Oct. 30, 1998Insight News, KMOJ,
KTCA-TV, MPR & Star TribuneKaren Louise Boothe
Lori Sturdevant[C-SPAN](https://www.c-span.org/video/?114514-1/minnesota-gubernatorial-debate)

Results

By county

Source

CountyColemanVotesHumphreyVotesVenturaVotesOthersVotes
Aitkin31.6%*2,447*30.3%*2,347***37.4%****2,897**0.6%*47*
Anoka29.3%*37,111*19.7%*24,975***50.7%****64,100**0.3%*363*
Becker**41.4%****5,030**35.7%*4,349*22.4%*2,721*0.5%*62*
Beltrami**39.8%****5,872**35.9%*5,289*23.0%*3,387*1.3%*195*
Benton33.2%*4,388*20.8%*2,750***45.6%****6,027**0.4%*47*
Big Stone31.9%*912***40.0%****1,144**27.5%*786*0.5%*15*
Blue Earth30.9%*7,031*24.9%*5,666***43.8%****9,973**0.6%*111*
Brown**45.2%****5,150**21.2%*2,417*33.3%*3,794*0.4%*44*
Carlton31.0%*3,929***42.9%****5,439**25.5%*3,226*0.6%*70*
Carver39.9%*11,479*16.1%*4,621***43.8%****12,606**0.3%*88*
Cass**42.0%****4,781**28.9%*3,288*28.7%*3,268*0.5%*55*
Chippewa28.3%*1,721*34.0%*2,064***37.4%****2,271**0.3%*19*
Chisago28.0%*5,376*18.9%*3,621***52.8%****10,138**0.4%*71*
Clay34.7%*6,200***43.5%****7,766**21.8%*3,797*0.5%*91*
Clearwater**44.8%****1,439**35.0%*1,124*19.5%*625*0.7%*24*
Cook38.6%*1,010***39.6%****1,046**18.0%*474*3.8%*100*
Cottonwood**39.6%****2,420**30.8%*1,884*29.2%*1,788*0.5%*29*
Crow Wing**39.7%****9,559**26.0%*6,257*33.9%*8,162*0.4%*104*
Dakota37.3%*56,242*22.0%*33,253***40.4%****60,909**0.3%*484*
Dodge37.4%*2,619*21.2%*1,484***41.0%****2,867**0.4%*27*
Douglas**42.1%****6,323**23.3%*3,503*34.3%*5,162*0.3%*41*
Faribault34.2%*2,778*29.3%*2,382***36.0%****2,923**0.4%*34*
Fillmore**39.7%****3,359**33.4%*2,823*26.2%*2,219*0.7%*56*
Freeborn**39.5%****5,463**33.3%*4,605*26.9%*3,706*0.5%*65*
Goodhue33.9%*6,786*22.7%*4,547***43.0%****8,610**0.5%*92*
Grant30.6%*1,055*31.6%*1,089***37.5%****1,294**0.3%*10*
Hennepin31.9%*155,311*30.2%*147,059***36.9%****179,954**1.0%*4,778*
Houston**48.8%****3,616**37.7%*2,797*12.0%*891*1.5%*111*
Hubbard**42.6%****3,697**30.1%*2,609*26.7%*2,317*0.7%*57*
Isanti27.3%*3,719*19.6%*2,665***52.9%****7,209**0.3%*36*
Itasca37.8%*7,181***41.6%****7,911**19.8%*3,768*0.8%*143*
Jackson**34.9%****1,796**33.5%*1,728*31.1%*1,605*0.5%*24*
Kanabec29.0%*1,895*21.1%*1,374***49.6%****3,238**0.3%*17*
Kandiyohi34.5%*6,287*29.3%*5,337***35.9%****6,530**0.2%*45*
Kittson32.2%*757***50.3%****1,185**16.5%*389*1.0%*23*
Koochiching**46.4%****2,721**34.9%*2,347*18.1%*1,064*0.56%*31*
Lac Qui27.6%*1,133***39.5%****1,621**32.4%*1,330*0.4%*16*
Lake30.1%*1,766***42.2%****2,472**26.4%*1,545*1.3%*75*
LOTW41.5%*837***42.2%****852**14.3%*288*2.1%*41*
Le Sueur30.4%*3,582*22.2%*2,614***47.1%****5,551**0.3%*35*
Lincoln36.4%*1,129***36.7%****1,136**26.3%*815*0.6%*18*
Lyon**39.1%****4,043**28.7%*2,966*31.7%*3,277*0.6%*66*
McLeod30.9%*4,754*15.9%*2,449***52.8%****8,126**0.3%*50*
Mahnomen**41.8%****821**36.5%*716*20.7%*406*1.1%*21*
Marshall40.5%*1,959***41.5%****2,008**17.2%*834*0.8%*38*
Martin**38.8%****3,676**26.7%*2,534*34.2%*3,243*0.2%*23*
Meeker31.3%*3,320*19.7%*2,083***48.6%****5,153**0.4%*39*
Mille Lacs31.0%*2,898*21.4%*1,998***47.2%****4,404**0.4%*39*
Morrison**40.6%****5,377**21.9%*2,899*37.0%*4,905*0.6%*78*
Mower34.9%*5,529***39.3%****6,234**25.2%*3,990*0.7%*111*
Murray**38.7%****1,819**34.5%*1,620*26.2%*1,233*0.6%*30*
Nicollet33.2%*4,345*25.9%*3,384***40.3%****5,272**0.6%*78*
Nobles**39.0%****3,265**31.8%*2,664*28.7%*2,404*0.4%*34*
Norman31.4%*1,024***49.7%****1,621**18.3%*596*0.6%*19*
Olmsted**42.7%****19,480**26.8%*12,205*30.1%*13,710*0.4%*199*
Otter Tail**45.0%****10,785**29.1%*6,982*25.3%*6,069*0.5%*116*
Pennington38.8%*2,226***39.3%****2,253**21.4%*1,226*0.6%*35*
Pine26.9%*2,869*25.6%*2,730***47.1%****5,027**0.4%*48*
Pipestone**46.8%****2,127**35.7%*1,621*16.6%*752*0.9%*43*
Polk40.7%2,347**43.5%****4,462**15.5%*1,699*0.4%*44*
Pope33.6%*1,954*32.9%*1,738***36.1%****2,099**0.3%*17*
Ramsey32.4%*69,240*32.1%*68,619***34.6%****73,993**0.8%*1,714*
Red Lake39.6%*842***43.3%****920**16.0%*339*1.1%*24*
Redwood**42.8%****3,140**22.5%*1,654*34.5%*2,533*0.2%*17*
Renville30.7%*2,514*25.4%*2,079***43.7%****3,583**0.3%*24*
Rice29.7%*6,732*28.5%*6,518***41.3%****9,444**0.7%*170*
Rock**47.7%****1,832**36.1%*1,384*15.5%*596*0.7%*25*
Roseau**49.8%****2,975**31.2%*1,863*18.1%*1,081*1.0%*57*
St. Louis28.1%*24,439***47.3%****41,208**23.8%*20,682*0.8%*17*
Scott34.9%*12,075*16.7%*5,787***48.1%****16,612**0.3%*97*
Sherburne32.1%*8,139*16.4%*4,163***51.2%****13,004**0.3%*73*
Sibley32.1%*2,261*17.9%*1,262***49.7%****3,497**0.3%*24*
Stearns38.5%*20,731*21.7%*11,696***39.2%****21,116**0.6%*320*
Steele38.5%*5,399*21.6%*3,022***39.7%****5,559**0.3%*37*
Stevens**40.7%****2,052**29.9%*1,507*28.9%*1,455*0.5%*25*
Swift26.7%*1,410*35.1%*1,852***38.0%****2,006**0.2%*11*
Todd**39.3%****4,293**22.4%*2,426*37.9%*4,146*0.5%*60*
Traverse**34.2%****733**33.7%72131.5%*674*0.7%*14*
Wabasha35.8%*3,363*23.6%*2,221***40.2%****3,776**0.4%*41*
Wadena**43.1%****2,563**25.9%*1,537*30.3%*1,782*1.1%*63*
Waseca35.8%*3,064*22.3%*1,904***41.4%****3,543**0.5%*42*
Washington35.8%*32,565*22.2%*20,205***41.7%****37,910**0.3%*300*
Watonwan33.4%*1,711*27.9%*1,429***38.3%****1,965**0.4%*19*
Wilkin**43.2%****1,181**32.6%*892*23.4%*639*0.8%*22*
Winona**42.9%****7,856**33.7%*6,176*22.1%*4,039*1.3%*235*
Wright32.1%*11,957*16.2%*6,027***51.4%****19,124**0.3%*106*
Yellow Medicine29.8%*1,628*33.7%*1,838***36.0%****1,966**0.5%*25*
Totals**34.29%***717,350***28.09%***587,528***36.99%***773,713***0.63%***13,175*

Notes

Partisan clients

References

References

  1. Belluck, Pam. (1998-11-05). "A 'Bad Boy' Wrestler's Unscripted Upset". The New York Times.
  2. (1998-03-09). "Three famous sons and heir to a fortune battle in governor's race". Minnesota Daily.
  3. "The Minnesota Legislative Manual 1999-2000". Secretary of State Saint Paul.
  4. (19 June 1998). "MINNESOTA GOP OPTS FOR MODERATE". [[Washington Post]].
  5. (26 February 1998). "Gubernatorial Candidate Profile Dick Borrell". [[Minnesota Public Radio]].
  6. (1 September 1998). "MPR Poll: 1998 Governor Race". [[Minnesota Public Radio]].
  7. (3 June 2024). "Minnesota Poll 1998 Governor Race". [[Minnesota Public Radio]].
  8. (23 February 1998). "Minnesota Poll 1998 Governor Race". [[Minnesota Public Radio]].
  9. (1998-09-16). "COLEMAN: AFTER AN EASY PRIMARY SEASON, GOP NOMINEE HAS TO GET DOWN TO BUSINESS". St. Paul Pioneer Press.
  10. (June 1999). "The Minnesota Legislative Manual 1999-2000". Minnesota Secretary of State.
  11. Fisher, Marc. (November 4, 1998). "Jesse 'The Body' Wins Minn. Gubernatorial Race".
  12. Jeter, Jon. (September 17, 1998). "In Polite Race, Humphrey Kept Advantage".
  13. Belluck, Pam. (October 31, 1998). "THE 1998 CAMPAIGN: MINNESOTA; Candidates Are Neck, Neck and Neck in Governor's Race". The New York Times.
  14. Howey, Brian A.. "Brian Howey: Time to Take Over the Indiana Libertarian Party".
  15. Jeter, Jon. (1998-10-22). "'The Body' Slams Into Politics". [[The Washington Post]].
  16. Whereatt, Robert. (1998-06-03). "Minnesota Poll: Humphrey holds lead in primary and general election races".
  17. (1998-10-12). "NEW POLL: HUMPHREY, COLEMAN IN DEAD HEAT". St. Paul Pioneer Press.
  18. "CNN AllPolitics Election '98 - Minnesota 1998 Polls". [[CNN]].
  19. (29 October 1998). "MPR Poll: 1998 Governor & Attorney General Races". [[Minnesota Public Radio]].
  20. (14 October 1998). "MPR Poll: 1998 Governor & Attorney General Races". [[Minnesota Public Radio]].
  21. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
  22. "Official General Election Vote Totals by County for the Office of Governor".
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