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1995 Hong Kong legislative election
Election held in Hong Kong
Election held in Hong Kong
| Field | Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| election_name | 1995 Hong Kong legislative election | ||
| country | Hong Kong | ||
| flag_image | Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg | ||
| type | parliamentary | ||
| ongoing | no | ||
| previous_election | 1991 Hong Kong legislative election | ||
| previous_year | 1991 | ||
| previous_mps | List of Legislative Council of Hong Kong members elected in 1991 | ||
| next_election | 1996 Hong Kong provisional legislative election | ||
| next_year | 1996 (Provisional) | ||
| seats_for_election | All 60 seats to the Legislative Council | ||
| majority_seats | 31 | ||
| election_date | 17 September 1995 | ||
| registered | 2,572,124 (GC) 34.18% | ||
| turnout | 920,567 (35.80%) 3.35pp | ||
| elected_mps | members elected | ||
| image1 | [[File:Martin Lee 2014 cut.jpg | 150x150px | Martin Lee]] |
| leader1 | Martin Lee | ||
| alliance1 | Pro-democracy camp | ||
| party1 | Democratic Party (Hong Kong) | ||
| leaders_seat1 | Hong Kong Island East | ||
| last_election1 | 16 seats, 52.35% | ||
| seats1 | **19** | ||
| seat_change1 | 4 | ||
| popular_vote1 | **385,428** | ||
| percentage1 | **42.26%** | ||
| image3 | [[File:Tsang Yok-sing.jpg | 150x150px | Tsang Yok-sing]] |
| leader3 | Jasper Tsang | ||
| alliance3 | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| party3 | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong | ||
| leaders_seat3 | Kowloon Central | ||
| *(defeated)* | |||
| last_election3 | *New party* | ||
| seats3 | 6 | ||
| seat_change3 | 5 | ||
| popular_vote3 | 142,801 | ||
| percentage3 | 15.66% | ||
| image2 | [[Image:Allen Lee at 71demo 2008.jpg | 150x150px]] | |
| leader2 | Allen Lee | ||
| party2 | Liberal Party (Hong Kong) | ||
| alliance2 | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| leaders_seat2 | New Territories Northeast | ||
| last_election2 | *New party* | ||
| seats2 | 10 | ||
| seat_change2 | 5 | ||
| popular_vote2 | 15,126 | ||
| percentage2 | 1.64% | ||
| image4 | [[File:Frederick Fung at Alliance for True Democracy.jpg | 150x150px | Frederick Fung]] |
| leader4 | Frederick Fung | ||
| alliance4 | Pro-democracy camp | ||
| party4 | Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood | ||
| leaders_seat4 | Kowloon West | ||
| last_election4 | 1 seat, 4.44% | ||
| seats4 | 4 | ||
| seat_change4 | 3 | ||
| popular_vote4 | 87,072 | ||
| percentage4 | 9.55% | ||
| swing4 | 5.11pp | ||
| leader5 | Ambrose Lau | ||
| alliance5 | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| party5 | Hong Kong Progressive Alliance | ||
| leaders_seat5 | Election Committee | ||
| last_election5 | *New party* | ||
| seats5 | 1 | ||
| seat_change5 | 1 | ||
| popular_vote5 | 25,964 | ||
| percentage5 | 2.85% | ||
| swing5 | N/A | ||
| leader6 | Hu Fa-kuang | ||
| alliance6 | Pro-Beijing camp | ||
| party6 | Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong | ||
| leaders_seat6 | *Did not stand* | ||
| last_election6 | 3 seats, 5.16% | ||
| seats6 | 1 | ||
| seat_change6 | |||
| popular_vote6 | 11,572 | ||
| percentage6 | 1.27% | ||
| swing6 | 3.99pp | ||
| title | Party control | ||
| before_election | Liberals | ||
| posttitle | Party control after election | ||
| after_election | Pro-democracy camp | ||
| map_image | [[File:LegCoElection1995.svg | 400px]] | |
| map_caption | Elected candidates by each constituency |
(defeated) The 1995 Hong Kong Legislative Council election for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) was held on 17 September 1995. It was the first, and only, fully elected legislative election in the colonial period before transferring Hong Kong's sovereignty to China two years later. The elections returned 20 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 30 members from indirectly elected functional constituencies, and 10 members from elections committee constituency who were elected by all District Board members.
In consequence of Governor Chris Patten's constitutional reforms, which were strongly opposed by the Beijing government, the nine newly created functional constituencies enfranchised around 2.7 million new voters. As the tensions between Britain and China went on, Hong Kong became rapidly politicised. Party politics was getting in shape as the Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), the pro-business Liberal Party, the pro-democracy Democratic Party and the middle-class and professional oriented Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA) were set up and filled their candidates in the election.
The pro-democracy forces won another landslide victory after the 1991 Legislative Council elections, sweeping 16 of the 20 directly elected seats in which the Democratic Party alone took 12 directly elected seats. The Democrats returned to the legislature with a total number of 19 seats, far ahead of the Liberal Party's 10, the DAB 6 and the pro-democracy Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood's (ADPL) 4 seats. ADPL young candidate Bruce Liu also defeated DAB chairman Tsang Yok-sing in Kowloon Central, along with many other DAB main candidates being defeated by pro-democrats.
The pro-democrats controlled about half of the seats in the legislature and supported moderate Andrew Wong to become President of the Legislative Council. Since Beijing overthrew the promise of "through train" which guaranteed the legislature could travel through 1997 as the reaction to Chris Patten's reform, the legislature lasted for only 21 months and was replaced by the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council after the handover of Hong Kong, becoming the only pro-democracy legislature in history.
Background
Main article: 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform
The electoral bases were largely expanded under the 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform carried out by the last colonial governor Chris Patten as the last step of democratisation as following:
- Using the "single seat, single constituency" method for all three tiers of geographical constituency elections to the District Boards, Municipal Councils (Urban and Regional Council) and Legislative Council;
- Lowering the minimum voting age from 21 to 18;
- Abolishing all appointed seats on the District Boards and Municipal Councils;
- Removing all the restrictions on local deletes to China's National People's Congress to stand for election;
- Broadening the franchise of certain existing functional constituencies by replacing corporate voting with individual voting;
- Introducing nine new functional constituency seats; and
- The introduction of an Election Committee of District Board members, which would return 10 members to the Legislative Council using the single transferable vote.
New nine functional constituencies with much larger eligible electorates was created to broaden the franchise to 2.7 million new voters:
- Primary Production, Power and Construction
- Textiles and Garment
- Manufacturing
- Import and Export
- Wholesale and Retail
- Hotels and Catering
- Transport and Communication
- Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services
- Community, Social and Personal Services
Overview
The United Democrats of Hong Kong and the Meeting Point, the two major pro-democracy forces had merged into the Democratic Party in 1994, while the pro-business legislators had formed the Liberal Party in 1993 and the pro-Chinese government politicians established the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), today's largest political party.
Solicitor Ambrose Lau, in the direction of the New China News Agency founded the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance which consisted of mostly pro-business factor of the CCP's united front. Other grassroots leaders were also encouraged by the CCP to stand in the election against the pro-democracy camp.
Succeeding the last election in 1991, Democratic Party, together with other smaller parties, groups and independents in the pro-democracy camp, had another landslide victory again, getting 16 of the 20 geographical constituency seats. Allen Lee, the Chairman of the Liberal Party and the Appointed Member in the LegCo got elected in the geographical constituency direct election. The Chairman of the DAB, Tsang Yok-sing however got defeated by Bruce Liu of pro-democracy Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood in Kowloon Central.
The Government of the People's Republic of China overthrew the promise of the "through train" (letting the members elected in the 1995 election travel safely through 1997 and beyond) and set up the Provisional Legislative Council in 1996, after the proposal package of electoral changes for the 1995 Legislative Council elections that was deemed unconstitutional by the PRC was passed in the Legislative Council.
General outcome
|- ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" rowspan=2 colspan=3 |Political Affiliation ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Geographical constituencies ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Functional constituencies ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" rowspan=2 |Election Committee seats ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" rowspan=2 |Total seats |- ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |% ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |% ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats |- |385,428 |42.26 |12 |62,907 |14.47 |5 |2
| 19 |
|---|
| 87,072 |
| 9.55 |
| 2 |
| − |
| − |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 4 |
| - |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 42,565 |
| 9.79 |
| 1 |
| − |
| 1 |
| - |
| 18,551 |
| 2.03 |
| 0 |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 0 |
| - |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 33,596 |
| 7.73 |
| 0 |
| − |
| 0 |
| - |
| 66,464 |
| 7.29 |
| 2 |
| 60,602 |
| 13.94 |
| 3 |
| 0 |
| 5 |
| - |
| -style="background-color:LightGreen" |
| 557,515 |
| 61.13 |
| 16 |
| 199,670 |
| 45.93 |
| 10 |
| 3 |
| 29 |
| - |
| 15,216 |
| 1.67 |
| 1 |
| 74,355 |
| 17.10 |
| 9 |
| 0 |
| 10 |
| - |
| 142,801 |
| 15.66 |
| 2 |
| 42,767 |
| 9.84 |
| 2 |
| 2 |
| 6 |
| - |
| 25,964 |
| 2.85 |
| 0 |
| – |
| – |
| – |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| - |
| 11,572 |
| 1.27 |
| 0 |
| 4,986 |
| 1.15 |
| 0 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| - |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 21,836 |
| 5.02 |
| 1 |
| − |
| 1 |
| - |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 1 |
| − |
| 1 |
| - |
| 90,495 |
| 9.92 |
| 0 |
| 64,499 |
| 14.84 |
| 4 |
| 1 |
| 5 |
| - |
| -style="background-color:Pink" |
| 286,048 |
| 31.37 |
| 3 |
| 208,443 |
| 41.34 |
| 16 |
| 5 |
| 24 |
| - |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 533 |
| 0.12 |
| 1 |
| − |
| 1 |
| - |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| - |
| 27,841 |
| 3.05 |
| 0 |
| – |
| – |
| – |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| - |
| 3,979 |
| 0.44 |
| 0 |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 0 |
| - |
| 2,594 |
| 0.28 |
| 0 |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 0 |
| - |
| − |
| − |
| − |
| 262 |
| 0.06 |
| 0 |
| − |
| 0 |
| - |
| 33,974 |
| 3.73 |
| 1 |
| 25,798 |
| 5.93 |
| 3 |
| 1 |
| 5 |
| - |
| } |
Vote summary
Seat summary
Result breakdown
Geographical Constituencies
| Constituency | Candidates | Affiliation | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| **LC1 Hong Kong Island Central** | 1 Peggy Lam Pei | 14,437 | 34.67 | |
| **2 Christine Loh Kung-wai** | **27,199** | **65.33** | ||
| **LC2 Hong Kong Island East** | 1 Choy So-yuk | 14,119 | 27.37 | |
| **2 Martin Lee Chu-ming** | **37,459** | **72.28** | ||
| **LC3 Hong Kong Island South** | 1 Cheng Kai-nam | 29,910 | 47.64 | |
| **2 Yeung Sum** | **32,875** | **52.36** | ||
| **LC4 Hong Kong Island West** | **1 Huang Chen-ya** | **31,156** | **66.32** | |
| 2 Guy Lam Kwok-hung | 3,979 | 8.47 | ||
| 3 Lam Kin-lai | 11,845 | 25.21 | ||
| **LC5 Kowloon Central** | 1 Jasper Tsang Yok-sing | 16,691 | 42.94 | |
| **2 Liu Sing-lee** | **22,183** | **57.06** | ||
| **LC6 Kowloon North-east** | 1 Mak Hoi-wah | 23,201 | 47.23 | |
| **2 Chan Yuen-han** | /FTU | **25,922** | **52.77** | |
| **LC7 Kowloon East** | 1 Elsie Tu | 23,855 | 44.60 | |
| **2 Szeto Wah** | **29,627** | **55.40** | ||
| **LC8 Kowloon South-east** | 1 Tam Yiu-chung | /FTU | 29,009 | 49.05 |
| **2 Li Wah-ming** | **30,133** | **50.95** | ||
| **LC9 Kowloon South** | 1 **Lau Chin-shek** | /CTU | **26,827** | **69.86** |
| 2 Wong Siu-yee | 11,572 | 30.14 | ||
| **LC10 Kowloon South-west** | 1 Helen Chung Yee-fong | 1,482 | 5.53 | |
| **2 James To Kun-sun** | **17,731** | **66.17** | ||
| 3 Kingsley Sit Ho-yin | 2,656 | 9.91 | ||
| 4 Daniel Wong Kwok-tung | 4,929 | 18.39 | ||
| **LC11 Kowloon West** | 1 Wong Yin-ping | 1,778 | 4.13 | |
| **2 Frederick Fung Kin-kee** | **28,996** | **67.37** | ||
| 3 Fu Shu-wan | 12,264 | 28.50 | ||
| **LC12 New Territories Central** | **1 Albert Chan Wai-yip** | **25,303** | **74.79** | |
| 2 Ng Wai-kwong | 4,097 | 12.11 | ||
| 3 Tam Tai-on | 4,433 | 13.10 | ||
| **LC13 New Territories North-west** | **1 Zachary Wong Wai-yin** | **21,527** | **50.07** | |
| 2 Tang Siu-tong | 21,470 | 49.93 | ||
| **LC14 New Territories North** | **1 Cheung Hon-chung** | **17,026** | **50.07** | |
| 2 Wong Sing-chi | 16,978 | 49.93 | ||
| **LC15 New Territories North-east** | **1 Allen Lee Peng-fei** | **15,216** | **34.82** | |
| 2 Law Yuk-kai | 4,723 | 10.81 | ||
| 3 Cheung Hok-ming | 12,256 | 28.04 | ||
| 4 Cheung Wing-fai | 11,507 | 26.33 | ||
| **LC16 New Territories South-east** | **1 Andrew Wong Wang-fat** | **23,666** | **47.83** | |
| 2 William Wan Hon-cheung | 11,987 | 24.23 | ||
| 3 Harold Ko Ping-chung | 13,828 | 27.95 | ||
| **LC17 New Territories East** | 1 Lau Kong-wah | 27,841 | 41.49 | |
| **2 Emily Lau Wai-hing** | **39,265** | **58.51** | ||
| **LC18 New Territories South** | 1 Hui Chiu-fai | 8,179 | 22.21 | |
| **2 Sin Chung-kai** | **26,048** | **70.74** | ||
| 3 Lam Chi-leung | Pioneer | 2,594 | 7.05 | |
| **LC19 New Territories South-west** | **1 Lee Wing-tat** | **29,801** | **65.35** | |
| 2 Ting Yin-wah | 15,798 | 34.65 | ||
| **LC20 New Territories West** | 1 Chan Wan-sang | (NTWRA) | 6,152 | 13.21 |
| **2 Ho Chun-yan** | **25,255** | **54.23** | ||
| 3 Yim Tin-sang | 15,166 | 32.56 |
Functional Constituencies
| Constituency | Candidates | Affiliation | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| **A Primary Production, | ||||
| Power and Construction** | **11 Tsang Kin-shing** | **11,592** | **40.93** | |
| 12 Ho Sai-chu | 5,366 | 18.95 | ||
| 13 Poon To-chuen | 7,493 | 26.46 | ||
| 14 Tong Yat-chu | (NHKA) | 3,871 | 13.67 | |
| **B Textiles and Garments** | 21 Cheng Ming-kit | 2,638 | 12.45 | |
| **22 Leung Yiu-chung** | (NWSC) | **10,472** | **49.44** | |
| 23 Ng Ching-man | (KCO) | 2,957 | 13.96 | |
| 24 Chan Kwok-keung | (FTU) | 5,116 | 24.15 | |
| **C Manufacturing** | 31 Chan Ming-yiu | 4,931 | 11.21 | |
| **32 Lee Cheuk-yan** | /DLA | **30,510** | **69.38** | |
| 33 Leung Fu-wah | 8,535 | 19.41 | ||
| **D Import and Export** | **41 Henry Tang Ying-yen** | **24,997** | **61.67** | |
| 42 Kwan Lim-ho | (PAS) | 15,539 | 38.33 | |
| **E Wholesale and Retail** | **51 Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee** | **23,357** | **68.05** | |
| 52 Wong Kwok-hing | 10,965 | 31.95 | ||
| **F Hotels and Catering** | 61 Chiang Sai-cheong | (KCO) | 5,176 | 28.48 |
| 62 Li Hon-shing | 3,393 | 18.67 | ||
| **63 Chan Wing-chan** | **5,614** | **30.89** | ||
| 64 Tommy Cheung Yu-yan | 3,991 | 21.96 | ||
| **G Transport and Communication** | 71 Cheng Kai-ming | 2,324 | 5.37 | |
| **72 Miriam Lau Kin-yee** | **14,233** | **32.89** | ||
| 73 Ip Kwok-fun | 12,055 | 27.86 | ||
| 74 Cheuk Siu-yee | 12,617 | 29.16 | ||
| 75 Cheung Pak-chi | 2,042 | 4.72 | ||
| **H Financing, Insurance, Real | ||||
| Estate and Business Services** | 81 Ng Kam-chun | 2,348 | 3.63 | |
| **82 Andrew Cheng Kar-foo** | **25,658** | **39.68** | ||
| 83 Chan Yuk-cheung | 10,514 | 16.26 | ||
| 84 Chan Yim-kwong | 5,771 | 8.92 | ||
| 85 Tony Chan Tung-ngok | 1,699 | 2.63 | ||
| 86 Fung Chi-kin | 18,674 | 28.88 | ||
| **I Community, Social and | ||||
| Personal Services** | **91 Elizabeth Wong Chien Chi-lien** | **40,649** | **41.75** | |
| 92 Kwok Yuen-hon | 14,452 | 14.84 | ||
| 93 Brian Kan Ping-chee | 6,290 | 6.46 | ||
| 94 Michael Siu Yin-ying | DLA | 33,596 | 34.50 | |
| 95 Fan Kwok-wah | 2,386 | 2.45 | ||
| **J Commercial (First)** | **201 Paul Cheng Ming-fun** | ***Uncontested*** | ||
| **K Commercial (Second)** | **211 Philip Wong Yu-hong** | ***Uncontested*** | ||
| **L Industrial (First)** | **221 James Tien Pei-chun** | ***Uncontested*** | ||
| **M Industrial (Second)** | **231 Ngai Shiu-kit** | ***Uncontested*** | ||
| **N Finance** | **241 David Li Kwok-po** | ***Uncontested*** | ||
| **O Labour** (2 seats) | **251 Lee Kai-ming** | **533** | **33.56** | |
| **252 Cheng Yiu-tong** | **684** | **43.07** | ||
| 253 John Luk Woon-cheung | 109 | 6.86 | ||
| 254 Lee Kwok-keung | 262 | 16.50 | ||
| **P Social Welfare** | **261 Law Chi-kwong** | **1,115** | **64.08** | |
| 262 Chow Wing-sun | 625 | 35.92 | ||
| **Q Tourism** | 271 Hau Suk-kei | 175 | 29.76 | |
| **272 Howard Young** | **413** | **70.24** | ||
| **R Real Estate and Construction** | **281 Ronald Joseph Arculli** | ***Uncontested*** | ||
| **S Financial Services** | 291 Chen Po-sum | 243 | 40.10 | |
| **292 Chim Pui-chung** | **363** | **59.90** | ||
| **T Medical** | 301 Cecilia Young Yau-yau | 135 | 5.39 | |
| **302 Edward Leong Che-hung** | **2,371** | **94.61** | ||
| **U Education** | 311 Leung Siu-tong | 4,496 | 18.69 | |
| **312 Cheung Man-kwong** | **19,558** | **81.31** | ||
| **V Legal** | **321 Margaret Ng** | **723** | **54.52** | |
| 322 Alfred Donald Yap | 444 | 33.48 | ||
| 323 Li Wai-ip | 159 | 11.99 | ||
| **W Engineering** | **331 Samuel Wong Ping-wai** | **1,382** | **62.70** | |
| 332 Raymond Ho Chung-tai | 822 | 37.30 | ||
| **X Health Services** | 341 Alice Pong Tso Shing-yuk | 1,116 | 18.34 | |
| **342 Michael Ho Mun-ka** | **4,968** | **81.66** | ||
| **Y Accountancy** | 351 Edward Chow Kwong-fai | 477 | 22.17 | |
| **352 Eric Li Ka-cheung** | **1,376** | **63.94** | ||
| 353 Peter Chan Po-fun | 299 | 13.89 | ||
| **Z Architectural, Surveying and | ||||
| Planning** | **361 Edward Ho Sing-tin** | ***Uncontested*** | ||
| **Urban Council** | **1 Mok Ying-fan** | ***Uncontested*** | ||
| **Regional Council** | 1 Alan Tam King-wah | 16 | 43.24 | |
| **2 Ngan Kam-chuen** | **21** | 56.16 | ||
| **Rural** | **1 Lau Wong-fat** | (Liberal) | ***Uncontested*** |
Election Committee Constituency
| Candidates | Affiliation | Value of votes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Yeung Fuk-kwong | (UFSP) | 0 |
| 2 Lee York-fai | 0 | |
| 3 Fung Kwong-chung | 0 | |
| **4 Lo Suk-ching** | **26** | |
| **5 Choy Kan-pui** | (CF) | **26** |
| **6 Cheung Bing-leung** | **26** | |
| **7 Lau Hon-chuen** | **26** | |
| **8 Chan Kam-lam** | **26** | |
| 9 Leung Kwong-cheong | 0 | |
| **10 Law Cheung-kwok** | **26** | |
| **11 Ip Kwok-him** | **26** | |
| **12 John Tse Wing-ling** | **26** | |
| **13 David Chu Yu-lin** | **26** | |
| 14 Yuen Bun-keung | 0 | |
| 15 Mark Lin | 0 | |
| 16 Louis Leung Wing-on | 0 | |
| **17 Yum Sin-ling** | **26** | |
| 18 Paul Chan Sing-kong | 0 |
References
References
- Loh, Christine. (2010). "Underground front". Hong Kong University Press.
- (1995). "Report on the 1995 Legislative Council General Election".
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