1994 Nepalese general election

Background

King Birenda agreed to introduce democracy in 1990 and to become a constitutional monarch after increasing protests by the 1990 People's Movement. The 1991 multi-party elections saw the Nepali Congress party win a majority with 112 of the 205 seats. Girija Prasad Koirala was chosen by the Nepali Congress as their leader in parliament and was appointed Prime Minister.

By 1994 the economic situation in Nepal had worsened and the opposition accused the government of being corrupt. Divisions had also arisen within the Nepali Congress after Prime Minister Koirala was accused of helping to ensure that the president of the Nepali Congress, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, was defeated in a by-election in February 1994.

Campaign

The election saw 1,500 candidates spread over 24 parties competing for the 205 seats in the House of Representatives. The leading two parties in the election were the governing Nepali Congress and the main opposition party, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).

The Communist party called for land reform to break up large landholdings and give land to landless Nepalese peasants. Other pledges made by the party included running water and electricity for all voters and for each village to have at least one television. While the party called for foreign investment to be somewhat restricted and for privatisations to be limited, they also stressed that they believed in a mixed economy and did not support nationalisation. They accused the Nepali Congress government of having been incompetent and corrupt and said that a change in government was required.

On election day itself there was some violence resulting in one death and another 15 people being injured. 124 international election monitors observed the election and new polls were ordered in 31 constituencies where violence had occurred.

Results

The results saw the Nepali Congress party lose their majority in parliament and the Communist party became the largest group in the House of Representatives. However no party won the 103 seats required for a majority on their own. The pro-monarchy party, the Rastriya Prajatantra Party, made significant gains winning 20 seats up from the 4 they had won in the previous election. Voter turnout was 58% a decline from 60% of those who had voted in the previous election in 1991.

Aftermath

Following the election the Communist party elected Man Mohan Adhikari as leader of the party in parliament and he attempted to form a minority government. King Birendra asked both the Communists and the Nepali Congress party to explain to him why they should be allowed to form the government and then he would make a decision on who should be appointed Prime Minister. They therefore became the first elected communist government in a constitutional monarchy anywhere in the world

References

References

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4. Thomas, Christopher. (12 July 1994). "Nepal in turmoil as experiment with democracy turns sour". [[The Times]].
5. (16 July 1994). "Nepal: The king and them". [[The Economist]].
6. "NEPAL: parliamentary elections Pratindhi Sabha, 1994". [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]].
7. (19 November 1994). "Nepal: Not very royal". [[The Economist]].
8. Graves, Nelson. (19 November 1994). "Communists pledge land reform as they get set for power". [[The Guardian]].
9. Lees, Caroline. (20 November 1994). "Nepal turns to Lenin and TV". [[The Sunday Times]].
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11. (23 November 1994). "Communists win". [[The Guardian]].
12. Burns, John F.. (24 November 1994). "Communists Plan to Form Government in Nepal". [[The New York Times]].
13. Thomas, Christopher. (26 November 1994). "Nepal in chaos after Communist 'victory'". [[The Times]].
14. [[Dieter Nohlen]], Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p635 {{ISBN. 0-19-924958-X
15. (24 November 1994). "Nepal victors choose leader". [[The Guardian]].
16. Rettie, John. (2 December 1994). "Communist poll winners take office in Nepal". [[The Guardian]].
17. Burns, John F.. (6 December 1994). "In Nepal, Communists Take Power, but Very Cautiously". [[The New York Times]].