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1994 Dutch general election

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FieldValue
election_name1994 Dutch general election
countryNetherlands
previous_election[1989](1989-dutch-general-election)
next_election[1998](1998-dutch-general-election)
seats_for_electionAll 150 seats in the House of Representatives
majority_seats76
election_date3 May 1994
turnout78.8% ( 1.5 pp)
leader1Wim Kok
party1Labour Party (Netherlands)
last_election149
seats137
percentage124.0%
leader2Elco Brinkman
party2Christian Democratic Appeal
last_election254
seats234
percentage222.2%
leader3Frits Bolkestein
party3People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
last_election322
seats331
percentage320.0%
leader4Hans van Mierlo
party4Democrats 66
last_election412
seats424
percentage415.5%
leader5Jet Nijpels
party5General Elderly Alliance
last_election5new
seats56
percentage53.6%
leader6Ina Brouwer • Mohamed Rabbae
party6GreenLeft
last_election66
seats65
percentage63.5%
leader7Hans Janmaat
party7Centre Democrats (Netherlands)
last_election71
seats73
percentage72.5%
leader8Leen van Dijke
party8Reformatory Political Federation
last_election81
seats83
percentage81.8%
leader9Bas van der Vlies
party9Reformed Political Party
last_election93
seats92
percentage91.7%
leader10Gert Schutte
party10Reformed Political League
last_election102
seats102
percentage101.3%
leader11Jan Marijnissen
party11Socialist Party (Netherlands)
last_election110
seats112
percentage111.3%
leader12Bertus Leerkes
party12Union 55+
last_election120
seats121
percentage120.9%
mapTweede Kamerverkiezingen 1994.png
map_captionMost voted-for party by municipality
titleCabinet
before_electionThird Lubbers cabinet
before_partyCDA–PvdA
after_electionFirst Kok cabinet
after_partyPvdA–VVD–D66

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 3 May 1994. The Labour Party emerged as the largest party, winning 37 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives. The election resulted in significant losses for both the Labour Party and the Christian Democratic Appeal. The two liberal parties, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and Democrats 66 made large gains, whilst two pro-elderly parties and the Socialist Party all passed the electoral threshold to win seats.

The formation of a government coalition was arduous but after four months the First Kok cabinet was formed. It was an unprecedented coalition of the two liberal parties and Labour. The CDA was consigned to opposition for the first time in its history. It was also the first government since 1918 not to include a Christian Democratic party.

Background

Before the 1994 general election opinion polls predicted that the Centre Democrats party could win more than five seats in the House of Representatives. However, media reports claiming that some newly elected local members had extremist pasts damaged the Centre Democrats' prospects. A secret recording broadcast on national television one week before the election showed an Amsterdam council member bragging about having set immigrant centers on fire in the early 1980s. well below earlier expectations. Janmaat claimed that the relatively poor result was a result of an anti-CD campaign in the media. Due to its growth, and questions arising amongst the other parties over the development of a multicultural society, political opponents began to confront the Centre Democrats directly rather than maintain a strict cordon sanitaire around it.

Results

By province

ProvincePvdACDAVVDD66AOVGLCDRPFSGPGPVSPU55+OthersLabour Party (Netherlands)}};"Christian Democratic Appeal}};"People's Party for Freedom and Democracy}};"Democrats 66}};"General Elderly Alliance}};"GroenLinks}};"Centre Democrats (Netherlands)}};"Reformatory Political Federation}};"Reformed Political Party}};"Reformed Political League}};"Socialist Party (Netherlands)}};"Union 55+}};"
Drenthe**34.5**19.818.213.92.12.51.21.70.22.41.00.61.8
Flevoland20.117.6**23.6**17.04.23.12.42.82.42.11.31.02.4
Friesland**31.6**27.514.212.52.23.01.12.60.62.20.60.41.9
Gelderland23.8**24.7**18.315.32.83.31.82.73.21.11.00.61.7
Groningen**34.8**17.314.214.12.84.51.31.80.24.51.70.61.3
Limburg (Netherlands)24.5**28.9**14.814.55.43.23.00.20.10.42.21.01.4
North Brabant21.0**27.1**18.116.35.72.82.80.50.50.42.21.02.8
North Holland**24.9**16.224.517.24.14.92.30.90.30.60.91.01.6
Overijssel24.2**29.6**15.412.92.12.51.53.22.12.90.81.21.6
South Holland22.218.3**23.4**15.83.23.13.52.13.01.21.50.81.8
Utrecht19.120.6**23.2**16.92.94.72.42.52.32.00.90.81.5
Zeeland**22.4**20.918.813.53.72.42.83.07.91.80.60.92.2

5 largest municipalities

MunicipalityPvdACDAVVDD66AOVGLCDRPFSGPGPVSPUnie 55+OthersLabour Party (Netherlands)}};"Christian Democratic Appeal}};"People's Party for Freedom and Democracy}};"Democrats 66}};"General Elderly Alliance}};"GroenLinks}};"Centre Democrats (Netherlands)}};"Reformatory Political Federation}};"Reformed Political Party}};"Reformed Political League}};"Socialist Party (Netherlands)}};"Union 55+}};"
Amsterdam**33.2**
(116 425)7.9
(27 711)18.3
(64 228)17.7
(62 194)4.2
(14 567)8.5
(29 931)3.7
(12 893)0.4
(1 517)0.1
(324)0.3
(1 194)1.5
(5 386)0.9
(3 292)3.1
(10 427)
Rotterdam**30.8**
(89 516)11.6
(33 716)18.2
(52 864)14.9
(43 224)4.5
(13 027)4.4
(12 744)6.5
(19 016)1.0
(2 941)1.1
(3 244)0.9
(2 737)2.2
(6 438)1.0
(2 863)2.9
(8 242)
The Hague23.5
(55 918)14.2
(33 690)**26.2**
(62 388)15.7
(37 318)3.6
(8 494)4.2
(10 051)4.9
(11 732)0.9
(2 243)0.7
(1 680)0.8
(1 837)1.5
(3 574)1.2
(2 797)2.6
(6 207)
Utrecht (municipality) Utrecht**26.3**
(35 357)12.9
(17 335)15.7
(21 143)19.9
(26 683)3.4
(4 554)10.5
(14 126)4.3
(5 714)0.8
(1 014)0.4
(511)0.8
(1 056)2.2
(3 009)0.8
(1 006)2.1
(2 838)
Eindhoven**20.6**
(23 413)19.9
(22 530)16.3
(18 469)17.9
(20 309)12.4
(14 104)4.4
(4 947)2.8
(3 126)0.6
(638)0.2
(201)0.6
(645)2.1
(2 327)0.6
(630)1.9
(2 388)

References

References

  1. [[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1396 {{ISBN. 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. Nohlen & Stöver, p1414
  3. (2010). "Christian Democracy". [[Annual Review of Political Science]].
  4. (17 January 2008). "Hans Janmaat (1934–2002)". Historiek.net.
  5. Mudde, 2003, p. 125.
  6. Hoetink, Carla. (25 August 2008). "Janmaat, Hans". [[Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland]].
  7. Lucardie, 1998, p. 121.
  8. "Tweede Kamer 3 mei 1994".
  9. "Tweede Kamer – 3 mei 1994".
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