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1993 Venezuelan general election

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Field	Value
country	Venezuela (1954)
election_date	5 December 1993
module	{{Infobox election
embed	yes
election_name	Presidential election
type	presidential
previous_election	1988 Venezuelan general election
previous_year	1988
next_election	1998 Venezuelan presidential election
next_year	1998
registered	9,688,795
turnout	60.16% ( 21.69pp)
image1	Rafael Caldera en 1993.jpg
nominee1	Rafael Caldera
party1	National Convergence
popular_vote1	1,710,722
percentage1	30.46%
image2	Claudio Fermín.png
nominee2	Claudio Fermín
party2	Democratic Action
popular_vote2	1,326,287
percentage2	23.60%
image4	Oswaldo Alvares Paz Gobernador Zulia (cropped) 2.JPG
nominee4	Oswaldo Álvarez Paz
party4	Copei
popular_vote4	1,276,506
percentage4	22.73%
image5	Andrés Velásquez.png
nominee5	Andrés Velásquez
party5	Radical Cause
popular_vote5	1,232,653
percentage5	21.95%
map_image	Mapa de las elecciones presidenciales de Venezuela de 1993.svg
map_caption	Results by state
title	President
before_election	Ramón José Velásquez
before_party	Democratic Action
after_election	Rafael Caldera
after_party	National Convergence

General elections were held in Venezuela on 5 December 1993. The presidential elections were won by former president Rafael Caldera of National Convergence, who received 30% of the vote. Democratic Action remained the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies and Senate, which were elected on separate ballots for the first time. Voter turnout was 60%, the lowest since World War II.

The elections were a departure from the traditional two-party system in Venezuela.

Background

The election campaign was dominated by the corruption charges brought against sitting President Carlos Andrés Pérez, which led to his impeachment on 20 May 1993. He was replaced by Octavio Lepage as Acting President until Ramón José Velásquez was elected by Congress as interim President on 5 June. An atmosphere of economic and political crisis prevailed, with general economic problems compounded by a banking crisis, and a declining legitimacy of the traditional main parties, Democratic Action and Copei. The previous year had seen two coup attempts in February and November, reflecting widespread popular discontent with the political establishment.

Rafael Caldera, founder of Copei, rejected his old party and led a "National Convergence" of 17 smaller parties — including the Movement for Socialism, the Democratic Republican Union, the People's Electoral Movement and the Communist Party of Venezuela. His campaign promises included pardoning the 1992 coup plotters, including Hugo Chávez.

The presidential election was held under first-past-the-post voting, while the Congressional elections were the first held under a mixed member proportional representation system, The traditionally dominant Democratic Action and Copei "supported it because it looked the most like the system under which they had prospered". The MMP system continued to use the old formula of assigning seats to states based on multiplying the total population by 0.55%, with a minimum of three deputies from each state (thus over-representing sparsely populated states).

Results

President

Senate

Chamber of Deputies

Aftermath

Andrés Velásquez of Radical Cause gained 22%, and "filed complaints of irregularities, saying that officials from his party were prevented from witnessing vote counting."

References

[[Dieter Nohlen]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II'', p555 {{ISBN. 978-0-19-928358-3
Nohlen, p582
Landman, Todd. (1995). "‘El Chiripero’ wins: the Venezuelan elections of 1993". Electoral Studies.
Nohlen, p575
Nohlen, p556
modelled on the German system, with some variations.Crisp and Rey(2003:189)
Crisp, BF % Rey, JC (2003) "The Sources of Electoral Reform in Venezuela", in Shugart, Matthew Soberg, and Martin P. Wattenberg, ''Mixed-Member Electoral Systems - The Best of Both Worlds?'', Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], 2003. pp. 173-194(22)
[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-12-06-mn-64568-story.html Venezuela Apparently Returns Former President to Power] Los Angeles Times, 6 December 1993

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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