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1993 Bolivian general election

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Field	Value
country	Bolivia
flag_year	state
previous_election	1989 Bolivian general election
previous_year	1989
next_election	1997 Bolivian general election
next_year	1997
registered	2,399,197
turnout	72.16% ( 1.48pp)
module	{{Infobox election
embed	yes
election_name	Presidential election
type	presidential
image_size	130x130px
election_date	6 June 1993 (popular vote)6 August 1993 (Congress vote)
image1	Gonzálo Sánchez de Lozada-Agencia BrasilAntonio Cruz.jpg
nominee1	Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
party1	Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
alliance1	MNR-MRTKL
running_mate1	Víctor Hugo Cárdenas
electoral_vote1	97
popular_vote1	585,837
percentage1	35.55%
image2	Hugo Banzer - 2 (cropped).jpg
nominee2	Hugo Banzer
party2	Nationalist Democratic Action
alliance2	Patriotic Accord
colour2	9B2335
running_mate2	Óscar Zamora Medinaceli
popular_vote2	346,865
percentage2	21.05%
image3	Carlos Palenque - CROPPED.jpg
nominee3	Carlos Palenque
party3	Conscience of Fatherland
running_mate3	Ivo Kuljis
popular_vote3	235,427
percentage3	14.29%
nominee4
party4	Solidarity Civic Unity
running_mate4	Edgar Talavera Soliza
popular_vote4	226,816
percentage4	13.77%
nominee5	Antonio Araníbar Quiroga
party5	Free Bolivia Movement
running_mate5	Miguel Urioste Fernández
popular_vote5	88,260
percentage5	5.36%
map	{{Switcher
title	President
before_election	Jaime Paz Zamora
before_party	MIR
after_election	Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada
after_party	MNR

| [[File:Mapa Electoral de Bolivia por Departamentos 1993.png|260px]] | Results by department | [[File:Mapa Electoral - Bolivia - Elecciones 1993 -Por Provincias.png|260px]] | Results by province}}

General elections were held in Bolivia on 6 June 1993. As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a president on 4 August. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada of the MNR-MRTKL alliance was subsequently elected unopposed.

Campaign

Prior to the elections, the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR) of incumbent Jaime Paz Zamora and the Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN) of ex-president Hugo Banzer formed the Patriotic Accord (AP) alliance. Hugo Banzer, in his fifth bid for the presidency, was presented as the Patriotic Accord's candidate in the election.

Banzer's primary opponent was the returning Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) candidate Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. The MNR's alliance with the Revolutionary Liberation Movement Tupaq Katari (MRTKL) saw Víctor Hugo Cárdenas, an indigenous Aymara, chosen as Sánchez de Lozada's running mate in an attempt to appeal to Bolivia's indigenous population.

The AP was faced with the negative image of corruption faced by Paz Zamora's government and the defensive campaign of Hugo Banzer. Two factors which made the MNR the clear front runner to win the election.

The campaign also saw the emergence of the "neo-populist" and Carlos Palenque candidates who drew the support of sector of the population discontented with the mainstream political parties. Palenque of Conscience of Fatherland (CONDEPA), in his second run, campaigned on a platform of returning to the ideals of the 1952 National Revolution. Solidarity Civic Unity (UCS), in the party's first presidential run, presented Max Fernández.

Prior to the elections the Nationalist Democratic Action and Revolutionary Left Movement parties formed the Patriotic Accord alliance, whilst eight left-wing parties continued the United Left coalition.

A total of 14 candidates were presented for the presidential election.

Results

Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada won the popular vote by 35.56% to Hugo Banzer's 21.05%. The CONDEPA and UCS candidates won a similar number of votes with a 0.52% difference between Max Fernández and Carlos Palenque. The remaining 10 candidates won 15.34% of the vote between them.

By department

Department	PA	MNR-MRTKL	UCS	CONDEPA	Others
Beni	36.93%	41.40%	11.52%	1.25%	8.89%
Chuquisaca	26.23%	31.95%	12.67%	2.52%	26.62%
Cochabamba	21.05%	40.45%	18.75%	3.73%	16.02%
La Paz	13.85%	31.33%	10.52%	30.58%	13.72%
Oruro	18.24%	33.27%	20.31%	11.71%	16.47%
Pando	50.72%	33.09%	6.96%	0.43%	8.80%
Potosi	22.58%	30.65%	19.48%	6.29%	21.00%
Santa Cruz	26.98%	40.52%	13.01%	4.35%	15.15%
Tarija	30.29%	42.34%	13.79%	1.76%	11.82%
Source: [Constituency-Level Election Archive](http://www.electiondataarchive.org)

Congressional ballot

On 6 August 1993, the National Congress convened to elect the president. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was the only candidate voted on, and was supported by his MNR-MRTKL alliance as well as the UCS and MBL. All others parties abstained from voting. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was elected president while Víctor Hugo Cárdenas became Bolivia's first indigenous vice president.

Notes

References

Bibliography

References

[[Dieter Nohlen]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II'', p133 {{ISBN. 978-0-19-928358-3
{{harvnb. Gisbert. 2003
{{harvnb. Gisbert. 2003
[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2037_93.htm Elections held in 1993] IPU
Morales, Walter Q. (2003). "A brief history of Bolivia". Facts On File.

Info: Wikipedia Source

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