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1991 Swedish general election
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| Field | Value | |
|---|---|---|
| country | Sweden | |
| type | parliamentary | |
| ongoing | no | |
| previous_election | 1988 Swedish general election | |
| previous_year | 1988 | |
| next_election | 1994 Swedish general election | |
| next_year | 1994 | |
| seats_for_election | All 349 seats in the Riksdag | |
| majority_seats | 175 | |
| election_date | 15 September 1991 | |
| image_size | 130x130px | |
| image1 | Ingvar Carlsson.jpg | |
| leader1 | Ingvar Carlsson | |
| party1 | Swedish Social Democratic Party | |
| last_election1 | 156 | |
| seats1 | 138 | |
| seat_change1 | 18 | |
| popular_vote1 | 2,062,761 | |
| percentage1 | 37.71% | |
| swing1 | 5.50 pp | |
| image2 | Carl Bildt 2001-05-15.jpg | |
| leader2 | Carl Bildt | |
| party2 | Moderate Party | |
| last_election2 | 66 | |
| seats2 | 80 | |
| seat_change2 | 14 | |
| popular_vote2 | 1,199,394 | |
| percentage2 | 21.92% | |
| swing2 | 3.62 pp | |
| image3 | Bengt Westerberg2.jpg | |
| leader3 | Bengt Westerberg | |
| party3 | Liberal People's | |
| popular_vote3 | 499,356 | |
| percentage3 | 9.13% | |
| seats3 | 33 | |
| last_election3 | 44 | |
| seat_change3 | 11 | |
| swing3 | 3.07 pp | |
| image4 | Olof Johansson2.jpg | |
| leader4 | Olof Johansson | |
| party4 | Centre Party (Sweden) | |
| popular_vote4 | 465,175 | |
| percentage4 | 8.50% | |
| seats4 | 31 | |
| last_election4 | 42 | |
| seat_change4 | 11 | |
| swing4 | 2.80 pp | |
| image5 | Alf Svensson 2003-08-25 001 (cropped).jpg | |
| leader5 | Alf Svensson | |
| party5 | Christian Democrats (Sweden) | |
| popular_vote5 | 390,351 | |
| percentage5 | 7.14% | |
| seats5 | 26 | |
| last_election5 | 0 | |
| seat_change5 | 26 | |
| swing5 | 4.20 pp | |
| image6 | [[File:Ian Wachtmeister.JPG | 65x65px]] |
| [[File:BertKarlsson 2003-03-10 001.jpg | 65x65px]] | |
| leader6 | Ian Wachtmeister | |
| Bert Karlsson | ||
| party6 | New Democracy (Sweden) | |
| popular_vote6 | 368,281 | |
| percentage6 | 6.73% | |
| seats6 | 25 | |
| last_election6 | – | |
| seat_change6 | *New* | |
| swing6 | *New* | |
| image7 | Bundesarchiv Bild 183-N0701-023, Berlin, Erich Honecker, Lars Werner cropped.jpg | |
| leader7 | Lars Werner | |
| party7 | Left Party (Sweden) | |
| popular_vote7 | 246,905 | |
| percentage7 | 4.51% | |
| seats7 | 16 | |
| last_election7 | 21 | |
| seat_change7 | 5 | |
| swing7 | 1.33 pp | |
| title | Prime Minister | |
| before_election | Ingvar Carlsson | |
| before_party | Swedish Social Democratic Party | |
| after_election | Carl Bildt | |
| after_party | Moderate Party | |
| map_image | Riksdagsvalet 1991.svg | |
| map_caption | Map of the election, showing the distribution of constituency and levelling seats, as well as the largest political bloc within each constituency. |
Bert Karlsson
General elections were held in Sweden on 15 September 1991. The Swedish Social Democratic Party remained the largest party in the Riksdag, winning 138 of the 349 seats. However, it was the party's worst showing since 1928 with 37.7% of the vote.
The election was notable due to the rise of a new right-wing populist party named New Democracy which succeeded in securing a parliamentary mandate for the first (and only) time. The four parties of the centre-right coalition (the Centre Party, People's Party, Moderates, and Christian Democrats) were allocated a combined total of 171 seats, 17 more than the two left-wing parties' 154, but still fewer than the 175 necessary for a majority. Thus the centre-right bloc was dependent upon New Democracy to secure a parliamentary majority. It was able to do so, and the Moderates' Carl Bildt became Prime Minister.
One large factor in the shift between the blocs was that the Christian Democrats managed to reach the 4% threshold by a good margin after many previous attempts. This combined with the Green Party falling short of the threshold, meant vast changes to areas yielding wins for the blue bloc. Norrköping, Västerås and Örebro, main urban areas inside the left-wing industrial belt of central Sweden, all voted blue for the first time for generations. Even so, they did only assemble pluralities as opposed to majorities in all three. The centre-right bloc also made vast gains in the capital region, the Moderate Party being the largest both in Stockholm Municipality and the surrounding Stockholm County. Led by the strong Moderate vote, Malmö also flipped to a blue plurality, overturning another historical Social Democrat stronghold.
Debates
| 1991 Swedish general election debates | Date | Time | Organisers | Moderators | Present Invitee Non-invitee | S | M | L | C | V | KD | NyD | Refs | Swedish Social Democratic Party}}" | Moderate Party}}" | Liberals (Sweden)}}" | Centre Party (Sweden)}}" | Left Party (Sweden)}}" | Christian Democrats (Sweden)}}" | New Democracy (Sweden)}}" | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 September 1991 | Sveriges Television | **P** | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ingvar Carlsson,Mona Sahlin | **P** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carl Bildt | **P** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bengt Westerber | **P** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Olof Johansson | **P** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lars Werner | **P** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alf Svensson | **P** | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ian Wachtmeister |
Results
Main article: Results of the 1991 Swedish general election
Seat distribution
| Constituency | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| seats | Seats won | By party | By coalition | S | M | F | C | KD | ND | V | Right | Left | Others | Swedish Social Democratic Party}};" | Moderate Party}};" | Liberals (Sweden)}};" | Centre Party (Sweden)}};" | Christian Democrats (Sweden)}};;" | New Democracy (Sweden)}};;" | Left Party (Sweden)}};;" | Moderate Party}};" | Swedish Social Democratic Party}};" | Älvsborg North | 10 | Älvsborg South | 8 | Blekinge | 5 | Bohus | 12 | Fyrstadskretsen | 19 | Gävleborg | 13 | Gothenburg | 17 | Gotland | 2 | Halland | 10 | Jämtland | 5 | Jönköping | 12 | Kalmar | 11 | Kopparberg | 12 | Kristianstad | 11 | Kronoberg | 9 | Malmöhus | 13 | Norrbotten | 10 | Örebro | 12 | Östergötland | 17 | Skaraborg | 11 | Södermanland | 11 | Stockholm County | 37 | Stockholm Municipality | 26 | Uppsala | 11 | Värmland | 12 | Västerbotten | 10 | Västernorrland | 12 | Västmanland | 11 | Total | 349 | 138 | 80 | 33 | 31 | 26 | 25 | 16 | 170 | 154 | 25 | |||||||||
| 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 8 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 21 | 13 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 14 | 10 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source: [Statistics Sweden](http://share.scb.se/ov9993/data/historisk%20statistik/SOS%201911-%2FValstatistiken%2FAllm%C3%A4nna%20valen%20(SOS)%201970-1998%2FValstatistik-Allmanna-valen-1991-Del-1-Riksdagsvalet.pdf) |
By municipality
Image:Sweden.1991.coalition.largest.map.svg|Votes by municipality. The municipalities are the color of the party that got the most votes within the coalition that won relative majority. Image:Sweden.1991.coalition.largest.cart.svg|Cartogram of the map to the left with each municipality rescaled to the number of valid votes cast. Image:Sweden.1988.to.1991.coalition.voting.shift.map.svg|Map showing the voting shifts from the 1988 to the 1991 election. Darker blue indicates a municipality voted more towards the parties that formed the centre-right bloc. Darker red indicates a municipality voted more towards the parties that form the left-wing bloc. Image:Sweden.1991.coalition.purple.map.svg|Votes by municipality as a scale from red/Left-wing bloc to blue/Centre-right bloc. Image:Sweden.1991.coalition.purple.cart.svg|Cartogram of vote with each municipality rescaled in proportion to number of valid votes cast. Deeper blue represents a relative majority for the centre-right coalition, brighter red represents a relative majority for the left-wing coalition.
References
References
- [[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1858 {{ISBN. 978-3-8329-5609-7
- Nohlen & Stöver, p1873
- "Allmänna valen 1991. Del 1, Riksdagsvalet den 15 september 1991". [[Statistiska Centralbyrån.
- "Valet 1991 - Slutdebatten".
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