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1991 Polish parliamentary election

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Field	Value
country	Poland
previous_election	1989 Polish parliamentary election
previous_year	1989
next_election	1993 Polish parliamentary election
next_year	1993
election_date
opinion_polls	Opinion polling for the 1991 Polish parliamentary election
registered	27,517,280
module	{{Infobox legislative election
embed	yes
election_name	First Term Sejm
seats_for_election	All 460 seats in the Sejm
majority_seats	231
first_election	yes
turnout	11,887,949 (43.20%)
party1	Democratic Union (Poland)
leader1	Tadeusz Mazowiecki
percentage1	12.32
seats1	62
party2	Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)
leader2	Aleksander Kwaśniewski
percentage2	11.99
seats2	60
party3	Catholic Electoral Action
leader3	Wiesław Chrzanowski
percentage3	8.74
seats3	49
party4	Centre Civic Alliance
leader4	Jarosław Kaczyński
percentage4	8.71
seats4	44
party5	Polish People's Party
leader5	Waldemar Pawlak
percentage5	8.67
seats5	48
party6	Confederation for an Independent Poland
leader6	Leszek Moczulski
percentage6	7.50
seats6	46
party7	Liberal Democratic Congress
leader7	Donald Tusk
percentage7	7.49
seats7	37
party8	Peasants' Agreement
leader8
percentage8	5.47
seats8	28
party9	Solidarity Citizens' Committee
leader9	Marian Krzaklewski
percentage9	5.05
seats9	27
party10	Polish Beer-Lovers' Party
leader10	Janusz Rewiński
percentage10	3.27
seats10	16
party11	Christian Democracy (Poland)
leader11	N/A
percentage11	2.36
seats11	5
party12	Real Politics Union
leader12	Janusz Korwin-Mikke
percentage12	2.26
seats12	3
party13	Labour Solidarity
leader13	R. Bugaj & K. Modzelewski
percentage13	2.06
seats13	4
party14	Alliance of Democrats (Poland)
leader14	Aleksander Mackiewicz
percentage14	1.42
seats14	1
party15	German Minority Electoral Committee
leader15	Henryk Kroll
percentage15	1.18
seats15	7
party16	Party of Christian Democrats
leader16
percentage16	1.12
seats16	4
party17	Party X
leader17	Stanisław Tymiński
percentage17	0.47
seats17	3
party18	Democratic-Social Movement (Poland)
leader18	Zbigniew Bujak
percentage18	0.46
seats18	1
party19
leader19	N/A
percentage19	0.37
seats19	1
color19	green
party20	Silesian Autonomy Movement
leader20
percentage20	0.36
seats20	2
module	{{Infobox legislative election
embed	yes
election_name	Senate
seats_for_election	All 100 seats in the Senate
majority_seats	51
first_election	yes
noleader	yes
turnout	11,887,865 (43.20%)
party1	Democratic Union (Poland)	leader1 =	percentage1 = 16.42	seats1 = 21
party2	Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)	leader2 =	percentage2 = 10.61	seats2 = 4
party3	Solidarity Citizens' Committee	leader3 =	percentage3 = 9.68	seats3 = 11
party4	Centre Civic Alliance	leader4 =	percentage4 = 9.04	seats4 = 9
party5	Catholic Electoral Action	leader5 =	percentage5 = 8.71	seats5 = 9
party6	Polish People's Party	leader6 =	percentage6 = 7.38	seats6 = 7
party7	Liberal Democratic Congress	leader7 =	percentage7 = 6.53	seats7 = 6
party8	Confederation of Independent Poland	leader8 =	percentage8 = 4.67	seats8 = 4
party9	Peasants' Agreement	leader9 =	percentage9 = 3.14	seats9 = 5
party10	Party of Christian Democrats	leader10 =	percentage10 = 2.22	seats10 = 3
party11	Independents	leader11 =	percentage11 = 16.18	seats11 = 21
map	{{Switcher
title	Government
before_election
before_party	KLD–UD—PC–ZChN—SD
posttitle	Government after election
after_election	Olszewski cabinet
after_party	PC–ZChN—PSL-PL—SLCh

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 27 October 1991 to elect deputies to the First Term Sejm and the Senate, the two houses of the National Assembly. The 1991 election was notable on several counts. It was the first parliamentary election to be held since the formation of the Third Republic, the first entirely free and competitive legislative election since the fall of communism, the first completely free legislative election of any sort since 1928. Due to the collapse of the Solidarity political wing, the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, the 1991 election saw deep political fragmentation, with a multitude of new parties and alliances emerging in its wake. Low voting thresholds within individual constituencies, along with a five percent national threshold allocated to a small portion of the Sejm, additionally contributed to party fragmentation. As a result, 29 political parties gained entry into the Sejm and 22 in the Senate, with no party holding a decisive majority. Two months of intense coalition negotiations followed, with Jan Olszewski of the Centre Agreement forming a minority government along with the Christian National Union, remnants of the broader Centre Civic Alliance, and the Peasants' Agreement, with conditional support from Polish People's Party, Solidarity list and other minor parties.

460 members of parliament () were elected; 391 from 6980 candidates from 37 regional lists of candidates and 69 from country-wide lists of candidates. In the Sejm elections, 27,517,280 citizens were eligible to vote, 11,887,949 (43.2%) of them cast their votes and 11,218,602 (94.4%) of the votes were counted as valid. In the Senate elections, 43.2% of citizens cast their votes, 96.5% were valid.

Elections were supervised by the National Electoral Commission (). 37 regional () commissions were formed, and 22,341 district (), staffed by 197,389 citizens.

A total of 111 parties contested the elections, of which 29 won parliamentary seats. The success of the satirical Polish Beer-Lovers' Party with 16 seats gained news coverage worldwide.

Background

Campaign== --->

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 1991 Polish parliamentary election

Results

Sejm

By constituency

No.	Constituency	Total
seats	Seats won	UD	SLD	WAK	PSL	KPN	POC	KLD	PL	KO "S"	PPPP	KWMN	Others	Democratic Union (Poland)}};"	Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)}};"	Catholic Electoral Action}};"	Polish People's Party}};"	Confederation for an Independent Poland}};"	Centre Civic Alliance}};"	Liberal Democratic Congress}};"	Peasants' Agreement}};"	Solidarity Citizens' Committee}};"	Polish Beer-Lovers' Party}};"	German Minority Electoral Committee}};"	Others}};"	17	8	10	12	7	9	8	11	8	10	12	8	11	11	7	11	11	14	10	10	9	15	13	12	12	10	7	10	13	9	7	7	13	9	10	17	13	69	Total	460	62	60	49	48	46	44	37	28	27	16	7	36
1	Warsaw I	3	2	1		1	3	3			1		3
2	Warsaw II	1	1	1	1	1	2	1
3	Płock	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	1
4	Łódź	2	2	2	1	1	1	1		1	1
5	Piotrków Trybunalski	1	1	1	1	1		1	1
6	Konin	1	1	1	2	1	1		1	1
7	Radom	1	1	2	1	1	1		1
8	Kielce	1	2	1	2	1	1	1	1	1
9	Częstochowa	1	1	1	1	1	1	1				1
10	Opole	1	1	1	1	1	1	1				3
11	Wroclaw	3	2	1	1	1	1	1		1	1
12	Wałbrzych	1	1	1	1	1	1	1			1
13	Jelenia Góra	2	2	1	1	1	1	1		1	1
14	Zielona Góra	1	2	1	2	1	1	1			1		1
15	Kalisz	1	1	1	1	1			1	1
16	Toruń	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	1				2
17	Bydgoszcz	1	2	1		1	1	1	1	1			2
18	Poznań	2	2	1	1	1	1	1		1	1		3
19	Gorzów Wielkopolski	1	2	1	1	1	1		1	1			1
20	Szczecin	2	1	1	1	1		1	1	1			1
21	Koszalin	1	1		1		1	1		1			3
22	Gdańsk	2	1	2	1	1	1	3	1	2	1
23	Olsztyn	2	2	1	2	1	1	1		1	1		1
24	Ostrołęka	1	1	3	2	1	1		2				1
25	Białystok	1	2	2	1	1	1	1	1				2
26	Siedlce	1	1	1	2	1	1		3
27	Zamość	1	1	1	1	1	1		1
28	Lublin	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1
29	Rzeszów	1	1	2	2	1	1		2	1			2
30	Przemyśl	1	1	1	2	1	1		1	1
31	Tarnów	1	1	1		1	1						2
32	Nowy Sącz	1		1	1	1	1		1				1
33	Kraków	3	1	1	1	2	1	1					3
34	Bielsko-Biała	1	1	1	1		1	1		1	1		1
35	Sosnowiec	1	2		1	2	1	1		1	1
36	Katowice	2	2	1		1	1	2		2	1	1	4
37	Gliwice	2	1	1		1	1	1		1	1	1	3
National list	11	10	7	7	8	7	6	5	4	3	1
Source: [National Electoral Commission](https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP19910410288)

File:Wybory sejm 1991.png|Voivodeships with winning majority. File:1991 Polish parliamentary election - Vote Strength.svg|Results of the Sejm election, showing vote strength by electoral district.

Senate

By voivodeship

Voivodeship	Total seats	Seats won	UD	KO "S"	POC	WAK	PSL	KLD	PL	SLD	KPN
Biała Podlaska					1	1
Białystok			1								1
Bielsko		1		1
Bydgoszcz		1				1
Chełm		1			1
Ciechanów					1						1
Częstochowa								1	1
Elbląg	1							1
Gdańsk		1									1
Gorzów	1			1
Jelenia Góra	1					1
Kalisz	2
Katowice		1	1						1
Kielce	1		1
Konin					1						1
Koszalin	1										1
Kraków	1	1
Krosno			1				1
Legnica	1		1
Leszno	1										1
Lublin		1							1
Łomża				2
Łódź				1							1
Nowy Sącz		1								1
Olsztyn	1					1
Opole	1										1
Ostrołęka				1			1
Piła											2
Piotrków				1							1
Płock					1						1
Poznań	1					1
Przemyśl			1						1
Radom		1		1
Rzeszów							1				1
Siedlce							2
Sieradz					1						1
Skierniewice					1		1
Słupsk	1				1
Suwałki				1		1
Szczecin	1	1
Tarnobrzeg		1									1
Tarnów										1	1
Toruń	1		1
Wałbrzych	2
Warsaw	2		1
Włocławek								2
Wrocław	1		1
Zamość							1				1
Zielona Góra										1	1
21	11	9	9	8	6	7	4	4	3	18
Source: [National Electoral Commission](https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP19910410288)

Notes

References

Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dn. 31 X 1991 r., Monitor Polski. Nr 41, poz. 288
Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 30 X 1991 r., M.P. Nr 41, poz. 287

References

[[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 1491 {{ISBN. 978-3-8329-5609-7
Millard, Francis. (September 1994). "The Shaping of the Polish Party System, 1989-93". East European Politics & Societies.
Lundberg, Thomas. "Political Transition in Hungary and Poland". Center for Voting and Democracy.
Jasiewicz, Krzysztof. (1 January 1992). "From Solidarity to Fragmentation". Journal of Democracy.
(2011). "Księga pamiątkowa z okazji obchodów 20-lecia demokratycznych wyborów w Polsce". Zespół Prawny i Organizacji Wyborów Krajowego Biura Wyborczego.
"Ryszard Bogusz".
"Janina Kraus".
"Danuta Wierzbicka".
"Kazimierz Wilk".
"Wybory do Sejmu w 1991 r.".

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