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1990 Russian Supreme Soviet election

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Field	Value
election_name	1990 Russian Supreme Soviet election
country	Russian SFSR
type	parliamentary
ongoing	no
previous_election	1985 Russian Supreme Soviet election
previous_year	1985
election_date	4 March 1990 (first round)
14–18 March 1990 (second round)
next_election	1993 Russian legislative election
next_year	1993
seats_for_election	All 1068 seats to the Congress of People's Deputies
majority_seats	535
turnout	76.4% (first round, 23.57 pp)
65.8% (second round)
image1	[[File:GorbachevMS.jpg	150x150px]]
leader1	Mikhail Gorbachev
party1	Communist Party of the Soviet Union
leader_since1	11 March 1985
seats1	920
color2
party2	Other candidates
(Democrats, nationalists,
independents et cetera)
seats2	148
map_image	1990 Russian Congress of People's Deputies election turnout map.svg
map_caption	Election turnout by region:

map_size	300px
title	Chairman of the Supreme Soviet
before_election	Nikolai Gribachev
before_party	Communist Party of the Soviet Union
after_election	Boris Yeltsin
after_party	CPSU

14–18 March 1990 (second round) 65.8% (second round)

(Democrats, nationalists, independents et cetera)

Legislative elections were held in the Russian SFSR in March 1990 as part of the regional elections across the Soviet Union. The first round was held on 4 March, and the second round on 14, 17 and 18 March. Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) won 920 of the 1,068 seats, although several were supporters of the Democratic Russia movement.

They were the first and only free elections to the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. The legislature became the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and was dissolved by Yeltsin in October 1993 during the constitutional crisis of 1993 and replaced by the Federal Assembly.

Electoral system

The electoral system was changed following criticism of the 1989 Soviet Union legislative election.

The elections were held using the two-round system; to be elected in the first round, a candidate had to receive over 50% of the vote and voter turnout be at least 50%.

The elected members of the Congress of People's Deputies in turn elected members of the Supreme Soviet.

Campaign

A total of 6,705 candidates contested the elections. The CPSU was the only party to contest the elections, with only 33 uncontested. There were four main categories of candidates; Traditional Leninist communists, reformist communists supporting Mikhail Gorbachev's policies, Russian nationalists/neo-Stalinists, and democrats.

Conduct

While fraud was not widespread, several independent candidates were arbitrarily blocked from standing by having their registration refused, while some candidates' names were omitted from ballot papers. Vote counting was rigged in some areas where independent observers were unable to attend. With the media still dominated by the CPSU, the elections were deemed to be "semi-free".

Results

Only 121 seats were filled in the first round, with 947 going to a second round. Seven seats were left unfilled due to the turnout threshold requirement not being met. Voter turnout was 77% in the first round and 69% in the second.

Although 920 of the elected members were members of the CPSU, around 350 of those elected (CPSU or independents) were deemed to be in the democratic bloc and supportive of the Democratic Russia programme.

Aftermath

The elected Congress began its first session on 16 May. Among the elected deputies from the CPSU was Boris Yeltsin, who was then elected by the Congress as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of RSFSR, effectively the leader of Russia. Many CPSU members, including Yeltsin, subsequently resigned from the CPSU. The CPSU was temporarily banned by Yeltsin in August 1991 in the aftermath of the August Coup, and the CPSU, along with the Soviet Union, collapsed completely by December of the same year.

Notes

References

Neil C. Levine. (1995). "The emerging political party system in Russia: 1986–1992".
Richard Sakwa. "Russian politics and society".
(Summer 1990). "Election Watch". Journal of Democracy.
(2008-03-03). "Chronicle of Perestroika". The Gorbachev Foundation.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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