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1990 Romanian general election
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| country | Romania |
| election_date | 20 May 1990 |
| turnout | 86.20% |
| module | {{Infobox election |
| embed | yes |
| election_name | Presidential election |
| type | Presidential |
| previous_election | 1985 Romanian presidential election |
| previous_year | 1985 |
| next_election | 1992 Romanian general election |
| next_year | 1992 |
| image_size | 130x130px |
| image1 | Ion Iliescu - Sep 2003.jpg |
| nominee1 | **Ion Iliescu** |
| party1 | National Salvation Front (Romania) |
| popular_vote1 | **12,232,498** |
| percentage1 | **85.07%** |
| image2 | Radu Câmpeanu.jpg |
| nominee2 | Radu Câmpeanu |
| party2 | National Liberal Party (Romania) |
| popular_vote2 | 1,529,188 |
| percentage2 | 10.64% |
| image3 | Ion Ratiu.jpg |
| nominee3 | Ion Rațiu |
| party3 | Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party |
| popular_vote3 | 617,007 |
| percentage3 | 4.29% |
| map_image | 1990 Romanian presidential election.svg |
| map_caption | Results by county |
| **Iliescu:** | |
| **Câmpeanu:** | |
| title | President |
| before_election | Ion Iliescu (provisional) |
| after_election | Ion Iliescu |
| before_party | FSN |
| after_party | FSN |
| module | {{Infobox legislative election |
| embed | yes |
| election_name | Assembly of Deputies |
| previous_election | [1985](1985-romanian-parliamentary-election) |
| next_election | [1992](1992-romanian-general-election-parliament) |
| first_election | yes |
| seats_for_election | All 396 seats in the Assembly of Deputies |
| party1 | National Salvation Front (Romania) |
| leader1 | Ion Iliescu |
| percentage1 | 66.31 |
| seats1 | 263 |
| party2 | Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania |
| leader2 | Géza Domokos |
| percentage2 | 7.23 |
| seats2 | 29 |
| party3 | National Liberal Party (Romania) |
| leader3 | Radu Câmpeanu |
| percentage3 | 6.41 |
| seats3 | 29 |
| party4 | Ecological Movement of Romania |
| leader4 | Toma George Maiorescu |
| percentage4 | 2.62 |
| seats4 | 12 |
| party5 | Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party |
| leader5 | Corneliu Coposu |
| percentage5 | 2.56 |
| seats5 | 12 |
| party6 | Alliance for Romanian Unity |
| percentage6 | 2.12 |
| seats6 | 9 |
| party7 | Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania |
| leader7 | Victor Surdu |
| percentage7 | 1.83 |
| seats7 | 9 |
| party8 | Ecologist Party of Romania |
| leader8 | Otto Weber |
| percentage8 | 1.69 |
| seats8 | 8 |
| party9 | Romanian Socialist Democratic Party |
| leader9 | Cornel Nica |
| percentage9 | 1.05 |
| seats9 | 5 |
| party10 | Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001) |
| leader10 | Sergiu Cunescu |
| percentage10 | 0.53 |
| seats10 | 2 |
| party11 | Democratic Group of the Centre |
| percentage11 | 0.48 |
| seats11 | 2 |
| party12 | Democratic Party of Labour |
| percentage12 | 0.38 |
| seats12 | 1 |
| party13 | Party of Free Change |
| leader13 | Ștefan Cazimir |
| percentage13 | 0.34 |
| seats13 | 1 |
| party14 | National Reconstruction Party of Romania |
| percentage14 | 0.32 |
| seats14 | 1 |
| party15 | Party of Young Free Democrats of Romania |
| percentage15 | 0.32 |
| seats15 | 1 |
| party16 | Liberal Union–Brătianu |
| percentage16 | 0.27 |
| seats16 | 1 |
| party17 | Minority parties |
| percentage17 | 0.99 |
| seats17 | 11 |
| map | 1990 Romanian Chamber of Deputies election.svg |
| map_caption | Results by county |
| module | {{Infobox legislative election |
| embed | yes |
| election_name | Senate |
| previous_election | [1939](1939-romanian-general-election) |
| next_election | [1992](1992-romanian-general-election-parliament) |
| first_election | yes |
| seats_for_election | All 119 seats in the Senate |
| party1 | National Salvation Front (Romania) |
| leader1 | Ion Iliescu |
| percentage1 | 67.02 |
| seats1 | 91 |
| party19 | Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania |
| percentage19 | 7.20 |
| seats19 | 12 |
| leader19 | Géza Domokos |
| party20 | National Liberal Party (Romania) |
| leader20 | Radu Câmpeanu |
| percentage20 | 7.06 |
| seats20 | 10 |
| party21 | Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party |
| leader21 | Corneliu Coposu |
| seats21 | 1 |
| percentage21 | 2.50 |
| party22 | Ecological Movement of Romania |
| leader22 | Toma George Maiorescu |
| seats22 | 1 |
| percentage22 | 2.45 |
| party23 | Alliance for Romanian Unity |
| seats23 | 2 |
| percentage23 | 2.15 |
| party24 | Ecologist Party of Romania |
| leader24 | Otto Weber |
| seats24 | 1 |
| percentage24 | 1.38 |
| party25 | Independents |
| seats25 | 1 |
| leader25 | Antonie Iorgovan |
| percentage25 | 3.06 |
| map | 1990 Romanian Senate election.svg |
| map_caption | Results by county |
| title | Prime Minister |
| posttitle | Prime Minister-designate |
| before_election | Petre Roman |
| after_election | Petre Roman |
| before_party | National Salvation Front (Romania) |
| after_party | National Salvation Front (Romania) |
Iliescu:
Câmpeanu:
General elections were held in Romania on 20 May 1990 to elect the President and members of Parliament. They were the first elections held after the overthrow of the communist regime six months earlier and the first free elections held in the country since 1937. It was also the first time the president had been directly elected,
The National Salvation Front (FSN), which had headed the interim government that took power after the overthrow of Nicolae Ceaușescu, won a decisive victory. Opposition parties performed well below expectations; none of them had the time or resources to present themselves as alternatives to the FSN. Interim President and FSN leader Ion Iliescu was elected for a full term with 85 percent of the vote. The FSN also won large majorities in both houses of Parliament, with 263 of the 395 seats in the Assembly of Deputies and 91 of the 118 seats in the Senate.
The United States State Department expressed concerns about organised violence and polling irregularities, but concluded that they had had no effect on the outcome and pronounced the elections free and fair.
To date, this is the only time since direct presidential elections were introduced in which a president was elected in a single round. Iliescu's 85 percent vote share also remains the highest for a direct presidential election.
Presidential candidates
| Name | Lifespan | Public Administration Experience | Affiliation and endorsements | Alma mater and profession | Candidacy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Announcement dates | |||||
| [[File:Ion Iliescu - Sep 2003.jpg | x160px]] | ||||
| **Ion Iliescu** | Born: | ||||
| (age ) | |||||
| Oltenița, Călărași County | |||||
| Died , Bucharest | **Acting President of Romania: 1989–election day** | ||||
| President of Water Surfaces Management Council (1979–1984) | |||||
| **Member of the State Council (full member: 1979–1980, observative: 1974–1979)** | |||||
| President of Iași County Council (1974–1979) | |||||
| Vice-president of Timiș County Council (1971–1974) | |||||
| **Minister of Youth (1967–1971)** | |||||
| Deputy (1957–1961, 1965–1973, 1975–1985) | Affiliation: FSN | Energy Institute, Moscow State University (1954) | |||
| fluid mechanics engineer, | |||||
| publishing house manager | Official: | ||||
| BEC filing: | |||||
| [[File:Radu Câmpeanu.jpg | x160px]] | ||||
| **Radu Câmpeanu** | Born: | ||||
| (age ) | |||||
| Bucharest | |||||
| Died , Bucharest | Affiliation: PNL | ||||
| Endorsed by UDMR and PER | Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest (1945) | ||||
| Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Bucharest (1947) | |||||
| economist | BEC filing: | ||||
| [[File:Ion Ratiu.jpg | x160px]] | ||||
| **Ion Rațiu** | Born: | ||||
| (age ) | |||||
| Turda, Cluj County | |||||
| Died: , London | Chancellor at Romanian Embassy in UK (1940) | Affiliation: PNȚCD | |||
| Endorsed by: PSDR | Faculty of Law, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca (1938) | ||||
| Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge (1943) | |||||
| lawyer, economist, journalist | Official: | ||||
| BEC filing: |
Results
President
File:Romanian presidential election 1990 - Iliescu.svg|Ion Iliescu File:Romanian presidential election 1990 - Campeanu.svg|Radu Câmpeanu File:Romanian presidential election 1990 - Ratiu.svg|Ion Rațiu File:Romanian presidential election 1990 - overview.svg|Overview
Parliament
Senate
Assembly of Deputies
References
References
- [[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1591 {{ISBN. 978-3-8329-5609-7
- [https://www.chicagotribune.com/1990/03/30/romanians-hope-free-elections-mark-revolutions-next-stage/ Romanians Hope Free Elections Mark Revolution's Next Stage]. ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. 30 March 1990.
- the position having been previously elected by the legislature since it was introduced in 1974.[http://countrystudies.us/romania/66.htm Romania: Central Government] [[Library of Congress Country Studies]]
- (21 May 1990). "Front In Romania Seems Victorious In Free Elections". [[The New York Times]].
- (26 May 1990). "Romanian Election Is Valid Despite Flaws, U.S. Declares". [[The New York Times]].
- "Stiri.tvr.ro - Site-ul de stiri al TVR".
- (April 17, 2019). "17 aprilie 1990, data la care a fost depusă prima candidatură la alegerile prezidențiale din România după căderea lui Nicolae Ceaușescu".
- "Radu Câmpeanu, campanie mai mult afară decât în ţară".
- "Ion Raţiu – candidatul ţărănist la Preşedinţie".
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