1990 Malaysian general election

Background

The elections marked the first after United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) party split and the subsequent constitutional crisis in 1988. The reconstituted UMNO Baru (New UMNO), led by incumbent Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, and the newly formed Semangat 46 (S46), led by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, contested for the first time in the elections.

It also marked the first time in country general election history when a credible, multi-ethnic coalition have been formed the challenge the dominance of Barisan Nasional. This also lead the country political scene from a dominant party system into two party system. The Muslim opposition parties, Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Semangat 46, Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia (BERJASA) and Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia (HAMIM) teamed up to form the Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU). On the other hand, Semangat 46, Democratic Action Party (DAP) and Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS), which withdrew from the Barisan Nasional (BN) at the eleventh hour of the general election, teamed up as Gagasan Rakyat. However, these two opposition alliances cooperated in the election but not openly due to the sensitivity of the secular DAP and the Islamic PAS working together.

Results

At the federal level, the BN coalition under the leadership of incumbent Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad won 127 of the 180 parliament seats to form the federal government. Perpaduan Ummah](angkatan-perpaduan-ummah)|aspan12=3|party12=HAMIM|votes12=8619|seats12=|sc12=-1

Semangat 46 is part of Gagasan Rakyat and Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah. Hence, for the table above, it is kept as a separate party.

Rejected Votes is 158498 and Unreturned Ballots is 31700

For the section below, invalid/blank votes includes the count of unreturned ballots. Detailed breakdown is provided under each state section.

By state

Johor

Kedah

HAMIM]]|votes7=8619|seats7=0|sc=|

Rejected votes is 14838 and Unreturned ballots is 1292

Kelantan

Kuala Lumpur

Labuan

Malacca

Negeri Sembilan

Rejected Votes is 7935 and Unreturned Ballots is 2574

Pahang

Penang

Perak

Rejected votes is 22514 and Unreturned Votes is 6099

Perlis

Sabah

Rejected Votes is 6527 and Unreturned Ballots is 1713

Sarawak

Selangor

Rejected votes is 21001 and Unreturned ballots is 2006

Terengganu

Notes

References

• Arah Aliran Malaysia: Penilaian Pilihan Raya satu himpunan kerta kertas 62-halaman daripada Institut Penyelidikan Asia Tenggara selepas pilihan raya 1999.

References

1. [[Dieter Nohlen]], Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II'', p152 {{ISBN. 0-19-924959-8
2. (2002). "Democracy in Malaysia: Discourses and Practices". [[Routledge]].
3. Khong, (1991) ''Malaysia's General Election 1990: Continuity, Change, and Ethnic Politics'', p1 {{ISBN. 981-3035-77-3
4. "HISTORICAL-ELECTION-RESULTS/1990-ELECTION-RESULTS/MALAYSIA_1990_PARLIAMENT_RESULTS.csv at main · TindakMalaysia/HISTORICAL-ELECTION-RESULTS".
5. TindakMalaysia. "HISTORICAL-ELECTION-RESULTS/1990-ELECTION-RESULTS/METADATA/MALAYSIA_1990_PARLIAMENT_RESULTS_METADATA.csv at main · TindakMalaysia/HISTORICAL-ELECTION-RESULTS".