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1981 Quebec general election

Canadian provincial election

Field	Value
election_name	1981 Quebec general election
country	Quebec
type	parliamentary
ongoing	no
party_colour	no
party_name	no
previous_election	1976 Quebec general election
previous_year	1976
previous_mps	31st National Assembly of Quebec
next_election	1985 Quebec general election
next_year	1985
elected_mps	32nd National Assembly of Quebec
seats_for_election	122 seats in the [32nd National Assembly of Quebec](32nd-national-assembly-of-quebec)
62 seats were needed for a majority
turnout	82.52% (2.75%)
election_date	April 13, 1981
image1	[[File:René Lévesque 1980 (3x4).jpg	130x150px]]
colour1
leader1	René Lévesque
leader_since1	October 14, 1968
party1
leaders_seat1	Taillon
last_election1	71 seats, 41.37%
seats1	80
seat_change1	9
popular_vote1	1,773,237
percentage1	49.26%
swing1	7.89%
image2	[[File: Claude Ryan 1978 (cropped).jpg	130x150px]]
colour2
leader2	Claude Ryan
leader_since2	April 15, 1978
party2
leaders_seat2	Argenteuil
last_election2	26 seats, 33.78%
seats2	42
seat_change2	16
popular_vote2	1,658,753
percentage2	46.07%
swing2	12.29%
image3	UN
colour3
leader3	Roch La Salle
leader_since3	January 9, 1981
party3
leaders_seat3	Ran in Berthier (lost)
last_election3	11 seats, 18.20%
seats3	0
seat_change3	11
popular_vote3	144,070
percentage3	4.00%
swing3	14.20%
map_image	1981 Quebec general election.svg
map_caption	Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Click the map for more details.
title	Premier
before_election	René Lévesque
before_party
after_election	René Lévesque
posttitle	Premier after election
after_party

62 seats were needed for a majority The 1981 Quebec general election was held on April 13, 1981, to elect members of the National Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Parti Québécois, led by Premier René Lévesque, won re-election, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Claude Ryan.

The PQ won re-election despite having lost the 1980 Quebec referendum on sovereignty-association, the party's proposal for political independence for Quebec in an economic union with the rest of Canada. To some extent, they were helped by Claude Ryan's old-fashioned campaign style: he refused to tailor sound bites for the evening news and ran a campaign generally unsuited for television coverage. Despite finishing only three percent behind the PQ, the Liberals still finished a distant second, with 42 seats to the PQ's 80. Historically, provincial elections in Quebec produce large disparities between the popular vote and the actual seat count.

The Union Nationale, which had won 11 seats in a modest comeback in the 1976 general election, was reduced to five seats at dissolution by numerous floor crossings, retirements and resignations. Among the departures was that of its leader in the 1976 election, Rodrigue Biron, who crossed the floor to the PQ. The once-proud party lost all of its remaining seats, never to return. The party essentially ended at this point, though it lingered in desultory fashion until 1989.

Parti Québécois received its highest ever result with 49.26% of the vote.

Redistribution of ridings

A 1979 Act provided for the creation of the Commission de la représentation électorale, charged with the task of the redistribution of riding boundaries for elections to the National Assembly. For its initial work, it had to create a sufficient number of ridings that would have an average of 34,000 electors. In April 1980, the Commission increased the number of electoral districts from 110 to 122, effective with the next election:

Abolished ridings	New ridings	Drawn from parts of other ridings	Reorganization of ridings	Division of ridings	Renaming of ridings

Campaign

The Liberals and péquistes fielded full slates, while the Unionists decided not to run a candidate in the new riding of Ungava. The Parti national populaire ceased operations after its co-founder and only MNA Fabien Roy decided to leave the Legislature in 1979 for the federal level to lead the Social Credit Party of Canada.

The Ralliement créditiste dissolved in 1978 when its leader Camil Samson created Les Démocrates, but that party failed to secure enough nominations for the coming election and thus dissolved in 1980. Samson would later join the Liberals, and would run as a candidate for that party in Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue.

Other disaffected créditistes opted to join the United Social Credit which had been revived by Jean-Paul Poulin.

Candidates	Total
align="center"	PQ	align="center"	Lib
2	1
3	48
4	35
5	14
6	11
7	6
8	4
9	1
10	2
Total	122

Results

All seats were won by either the PQ or the Liberals, and no other party received better than a third-place result. The UN was once more shut out of the National Assembly. The election was notable for a large number of fringe parties, none of which received as much as 0.2% of the popular vote.

|- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=4 | MNAs ! colspan=4 | Votes |- ! Candidates 1976 !1981 !± !# ! ± !% ! ± (pp) | 122 || 71 || 80 || 9 || 1,773,237 || 382,886 || 49.26% || 7.89 | 122 || 26 || 42 || 16 || 1,658,753 || 523,697 || 46.08% || 12.30 | 121 || 11 || – || 11 || 144,070 || 467,596 || 4.00% || 14.20 | || 27 || – || – || – || 4,372 || 8,612 || 0.12% || 0.27 | 33 || – || – || – || 4,956 || 4,956 || 0.14% ||New | 12 || – || – || – || 4,955 || 4,955 || 0.14% ||New | 10 || – || – || – || 3,299 || 3,299 || 0.09% ||New | 40 || – || – || – || 3,178 || 3,178 || 0.09% ||New successor to the Ralliement créditiste | 16 || – || – || – || 1,284 || 154,167 || 0.04% || 4.59 | || 10 || – || – || – || 1,027 || 222 || 0.03% || 0.01 | 10 || – || – || – || 768 || 1,008 || 0.02% || 0.03 | || 2 || – || – || – || 198 || 110 || 0.01% || 0.01 |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Total |525||110 ! " colspan="2"|122 ! " colspan="2"|3,600,097 ! " colspan="2"| 100.00% |- | 38,523

31,923
3,638,620
207,668
82.52
2.75
-
4,409,276
385,533
}

Vote and seat summaries

|File:Ternary QC1976.svg |1976 |File:Ternary QC1981.svg |1981

Party	Seats	Votes	Change (pp)
			{{bartable	7.89
			{{bartable	12.03
			{{bartable	-14.20
			{{bartable	-4.59
			{{bartable	-0.92
			{{bartable	-0.27
			{{bartable	0.06

Synopsis of results

Riding	Winning party	Turnout
including spoilt ballots	Votes	Name	[1976](1976-quebec-general-election)	Party	Votes	Share	Margin
#	Margin
%	PQ	Lib	UN	Ind	Oth	Total
Abitibi-Est		PQ		PQ	13,790	62.57%	7,198	32.66%	74.62%	13,790	6,592	1,658	–	–	22,040
Abitibi-Ouest		PQ		PQ	16,033	65.14%	8,384	34.06%	79.41%	16,033	7,649	932	–	–	24,614
Anjou		PQ		PQ	20,355	56.81%	5,420	15.13%	85.54%	20,355	14,935	543	–	–	35,833
Argenteuil		Lib		Lib	15,895	57.23%	4,996	17.99%	81.92%	10,899	15,895	778	–	200	27,772
Arthabaska		PQ		PQ	18,424	53.64%	5,304	15.44%	85.50%	18,424	13,120	2,623	–	180	34,347
Beauce-Nord		PQ		PQ	18,858	53.39%	4,828	13.67%	85.25%	18,858	14,030	2,433	–	–	35,321
Beauce-Sud		PNP		Lib	13,393	46.89%	97	0.34%	82.95%	13,296	13,393	1,519	357	–	28,565
Beauharnois		PQ		PQ	18,741	54.01%	4,120	11.87%	86.95%	18,741	14,621	970	–	370	34,702
Bellechasse		UN		PQ	9,194	37.58%	364	1.49%	82.56%	9,194	8,830	6,440	–	–	24,464
Berthier		PQ		Lib	10,676	37.34%	1,222	4.27%	85.41%	9,454	10,676	8,461	–	–	28,591
Bertrand	New		PQ	19,091	60.44%	7,405	23.44%	88.74%	19,091	11,686	810	–	–	31,587
Bonaventure		Lib		Lib	11,609	53.95%	2,133	9.91%	79.39%	9,476	11,609	432	–	–	21,517
Bourassa		PQ		PQ	15,597	50.37%	923	2.98%	83.81%	15,597	14,674	571	–	124	30,966
Bourget		PQ		PQ	15,810	56.07%	4,254	15.09%	84.82%	15,810	11,556	588	45	200	28,199
Brome-Missisquoi		UN		Lib	15,832	62.57%	7,827	30.93%	81.32%	8,005	15,832	1,178	–	289	25,304
Chambly		PQ		PQ	15,189	51.39%	1,645	5.57%	87.93%	15,189	13,544	752	–	70	29,555
Champlain		PQ		PQ	17,789	53.57%	4,937	14.87%	84.64%	17,789	12,852	2,462	–	101	33,204
Chapleau	New		Lib	15,364	53.44%	2,484	8.64%	76.41%	12,880	15,364	413	–	95	28,752
Charlesbourg		PQ		PQ	19,884	57.32%	5,998	17.29%	85.98%	19,884	13,886	762	–	155	34,687
Charlevoix		Lib		Lib	12,712	50.65%	799	3.18%	84.32%	11,913	12,712	473	–	–	25,098
Châteauguay		PQ		PQ	18,855	51.45%	1,778	4.85%	86.68%	18,855	17,077	574	140	–	36,646
Chauveau		PQ		PQ	18,991	55.97%	4,918	14.49%	82.93%	18,991	14,073	866	–	–	33,930
Chicoutimi		PQ		PQ	24,456	73.91%	16,632	50.26%	80.13%	24,456	7,824	811	–	–	33,091
Chomedey	New		Lib	20,933	66.24%	10,808	34.20%	83.72%	10,125	20,933	543	–	–	31,601
Crémazie		PQ		PQ	16,938	51.46%	1,583	4.81%	85.85%	16,938	15,355	545	–	80	32,918
D'Arcy-McGee		Lib		Lib	26,064	91.96%	24,532	86.56%	78.53%	1,532	26,064	111	–	635	28,342
Deux-Montagnes		PQ		PQ	16,149	53.00%	2,830	9.29%	85.83%	16,149	13,319	767	104	133	30,472
Dorion		PQ		PQ	14,551	51.54%	1,894	6.71%	82.58%	14,551	12,657	524	74	429	28,235
Drummond		PQ		PQ	19,359	55.31%	5,911	16.89%	84.44%	19,359	13,448	2,099	–	95	35,001
Dubuc		PQ		PQ	16,630	64.64%	8,296	32.25%	82.30%	16,630	8,334	762	–	–	25,726
Duplessis		PQ		PQ	19,962	65.30%	10,041	32.85%	73.70%	19,962	9,921	514	–	173	30,570
Fabre		PQ		PQ	15,361	52.78%	2,265	7.78%	87.25%	15,361	13,096	648	–	–	29,105
Frontenac		PQ		PQ	16,549	53.29%	7,098	22.86%	85.70%	16,549	9,451	4,903	–	152	31,055
Gaspé		UN		PQ	12,136	47.08%	1,232	4.78%	81.08%	12,136	10,904	2,739	–	–	25,779
Gatineau		Lib		Lib	12,244	54.56%	2,416	10.77%	81.71%	9,828	12,244	369	–	–	22,441
Gouin		PQ		PQ	15,563	57.76%	5,209	19.33%	80.64%	15,563	10,354	607	66	352	26,942
Groulx	New		PQ	20,317	57.20%	6,074	17.10%	84.78%	20,317	14,243	861	–	101	35,522
Hull		PQ		Lib	15,572	49.76%	456	1.46%	80.19%	15,116	15,572	263	96	247	31,294
Huntingdon		UN		Lib	13,454	56.91%	5,088	21.52%	81.79%	8,366	13,454	1,821	–	–	23,641
Iberville		PQ		PQ	16,822	49.18%	1,939	5.67%	85.63%	16,822	14,883	2,498	–	–	34,203
Îles-de-la-Madeleine		PQ		PQ	5,278	63.79%	2,427	29.33%	88.30%	5,278	2,851	57	88	–	8,274
Jacques-Cartier		Lib		Lib	25,894	79.52%	20,911	64.22%	83.04%	4,983	25,894	259	1,122	304	32,562
Jean-Talon		Lib		Lib	17,290	52.28%	2,246	6.79%	85.96%	15,044	17,290	526	215	–	33,075
Jeanne-Mance		PQ		Lib	19,652	58.65%	6,180	18.44%	84.46%	13,472	19,652	385	–	–	33,509
Johnson		UN		PQ	13,131	47.90%	806	2.94%	85.31%	13,131	12,325	1,959	–	–	27,415
Joliette	New		PQ	16,343	51.95%	5,200	16.53%	86.46%	16,343	11,143	3,971	–	–	31,457
Jonquière		PQ		PQ	23,562	65.99%	12,235	34.27%	83.63%	23,562	11,327	582	–	235	35,706
Kamouraska-Témiscouata		PQ		PQ	14,702	54.95%	4,189	15.66%	77.88%	14,702	10,513	1,539	–	–	26,754
L'Acadie		Lib		Lib	22,784	68.16%	12,630	37.79%	83.92%	10,154	22,784	369	118	–	33,425
L'Assomption		PQ		PQ	22,605	61.61%	10,455	28.50%	87.04%	22,605	12,150	1,934	–	–	36,689
La Peltrie	New		PQ	17,975	57.31%	5,337	17.02%	86.78%	17,975	12,638	749	–	–	31,362
Labelleformerly Laurentides-Labelle		PQ		PQ	17,596	57.70%	5,774	18.93%	79.93%	17,596	11,822	1,079	–	–	30,497
Lac-Saint-Jean		PQ		PQ	19,602	62.32%	8,954	28.47%	86.29%	19,602	10,648	1,205	–	–	31,455
LaFontaine		PQ		PQ	20,028	62.08%	8,534	26.45%	83.85%	20,028	11,494	607	–	131	32,260
Laporte		PQ		Lib	19,316	60.09%	7,097	22.08%	84.02%	12,219	19,316	509	–	103	32,147
La Prairie		PQ		Lib	19,070	49.26%	328	0.85%	85.49%	18,742	19,070	813	–	91	38,716
Laurier		Lib		Lib	16,719	57.99%	6,848	23.75%	80.21%	9,871	16,719	675	336	1,229	28,830
Laval-des-Rapides	New		PQ	18,667	57.93%	5,840	18.12%	85.14%	18,667	12,827	658	–	70	32,222
Laviolette		PQ		PQ	16,403	56.44%	5,067	17.43%	82.81%	16,403	11,336	1,324	–	0	29,063
Lévis		PQ		PQ	24,444	59.42%	8,804	21.40%	85.74%	24,444	15,640	972	–	82	41,138
Limoilou		PQ		PQ	17,317	54.43%	3,881	12.20%	81.01%	17,317	13,436	851	–	213	31,817
Lotbinière		UN		PQ	11,653	48.94%	1,365	5.73%	85.12%	11,653	10,288	1,872	–	–	23,813
Louis-Hébert		PQ		PQ	20,345	61.36%	8,127	24.51%	84.34%	20,345	12,218	473	–	121	33,157
Maisonneuve		PQ		PQ	16,930	57.82%	5,523	18.86%	80.23%	16,930	11,407	513	–	429	29,279
Marguerite-Bourgeoys		Lib		Lib	19,511	67.51%	10,541	36.47%	82.74%	8,970	19,511	355	–	64	28,900
Marie-Victorin	New		PQ	19,472	65.49%	10,264	34.52%	81.83%	19,472	9,208	772	–	282	29,734
Marquette	New		Lib	13,146	50.54%	937	3.60%	82.04%	12,209	13,146	365	–	293	26,013
Maskinongé		Lib		Lib	13,248	46.89%	233	0.82%	85.27%	13,015	13,248	1,993	–	–	28,256
Matane		PQ		PQ	13,980	57.08%	4,367	17.83%	79.98%	13,980	9,613	704	197	–	24,494
Matapédia		PQ		PQ	10,445	52.49%	3,267	16.42%	79.59%	10,445	7,178	2,276	–	–	19,899
Mégantic-Compton		UN		Lib	11,795	51.73%	2,327	10.21%	82.04%	9,468	11,795	1,539	–	–	22,802
Mercier		PQ		PQ	16,252	54.53%	3,919	13.15%	79.92%	16,252	12,333	495	116	608	29,804
Mille-Îles		PQ		PQ	16,825	53.97%	3,196	10.25%	88.37%	16,825	13,629	720	–	–	31,174
Mont-Royal		Lib		Lib	21,875	80.69%	17,500	64.55%	78.60%	4,375	21,875	188	–	671	27,109
Montmagny-L'Islet		Lib		PQ	11,797	45.50%	231	0.89%	80.14%	11,797	11,566	2,566	–	–	25,929
Montmorency		PQ		PQ	21,791	62.48%	9,553	27.39%	83.53%	21,791	12,238	710	–	140	34,879
Nelliganformerly Pointe-Claire		UN		Lib	23,168	73.85%	16,055	51.18%	82.46%	7,113	23,168	375	–	716	31,372
Nicoletformerly Nicolet-Yamaska		UN		PQ	9,318	34.86%	362	1.35%	86.13%	9,318	8,956	8,453	–	–	26,727
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce		Lib		Lib	24,821	81.96%	20,540	67.82%	78.53%	4,281	24,821	174	–	1,008	30,284
Orford		Lib		Lib	15,828	54.40%	3,642	12.52%	82.13%	12,186	15,828	1,083	–	–	29,097
Outremont		Lib		Lib	15,310	55.12%	3,403	12.25%	81.80%	11,907	15,310	215	68	275	27,775
Papineau		PQ		Lib	11,717	53.31%	1,976	8.99%	82.07%	9,741	11,717	412	–	110	21,980
Pontiac	New		Lib	15,157	67.83%	10,466	46.84%	76.80%	4,691	15,157	704	–	1,793	22,345
Portneuf		Lib		Lib	14,120	51.14%	1,513	5.48%	86.96%	12,607	14,120	884	–	–	27,611
Prévost		PQ		PQ	16,137	53.15%	3,054	10.06%	82.10%	16,137	13,083	955	–	189	30,364
Richelieu		PQ		PQ	18,198	56.06%	5,173	15.94%	85.85%	18,198	13,025	1,037	77	122	32,459
Richmond		UN		Lib	10,158	47.43%	253	1.18%	86.14%	9,905	10,158	1,354	–	–	21,417
Rimouski		PQ		PQ	20,106	61.04%	8,963	27.21%	83.89%	20,106	11,143	1,525	–	163	32,937
Rivière-du-Loup		PQ		PQ	12,871	55.32%	3,629	15.60%	80.70%	12,871	9,242	1,154	–	–	23,267
Robert-Baldwin		Lib		Lib	26,865	77.84%	20,214	58.57%	82.49%	6,651	26,865	260	–	735	34,511
Roberval		Lib		PQ	19,301	57.85%	6,541	19.61%	83.58%	19,301	12,760	1,302	–	–	33,363
Rosemont		PQ		PQ	17,137	52.69%	2,703	8.31%	82.69%	17,137	14,434	588	–	365	32,524
Rousseau	New		PQ	14,950	48.50%	2,288	7.42%	80.74%	14,950	12,662	3,107	106	–	30,825
Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue	New		PQ	15,649	54.94%	3,915	13.75%	77.94%	15,649	11,734	629	214	257	28,483
Saguenay		PQ		PQ	17,069	66.56%	8,930	34.82%	75.43%	17,069	8,139	436	–	–	25,644
Saint-François		PQ		PQ	15,990	52.08%	2,124	6.92%	82.77%	15,990	13,866	722	–	124	30,702
Saint-Henri		PQ		Lib	14,490	48.22%	71	0.24%	79.68%	14,419	14,490	778	–	361	30,048
Saint-Hyacinthe		UN		PQ	14,109	43.64%	2,597	8.03%	83.13%	14,109	11,512	6,708	–	–	32,329
Saint-Jacques		PQ		PQ	15,727	63.44%	7,585	30.60%	72.45%	15,727	8,142	443	62	417	24,791
Saint-Jean		PQ		PQ	17,687	50.97%	1,950	5.62%	83.59%	17,687	15,737	1,274	–	–	34,698
Saint-Laurent		Lib		Lib	24,176	72.21%	15,309	45.72%	80.90%	8,867	24,176	439	–	–	33,482
Saint-Louis		Lib		Lib	15,781	69.12%	9,584	41.98%	69.49%	6,197	15,781	234	123	495	22,830
Saint-Maurice		PQ		PQ	15,989	55.64%	4,863	16.92%	84.70%	15,989	11,126	1,505	79	39	28,738
Saint-Anne		PQ		Lib	11,537	50.89%	1,163	5.13%	74.98%	10,374	11,537	486	–	272	22,669
Sainte-Marie		PQ		PQ	13,667	61.35%	6,067	27.24%	75.11%	13,667	7,600	493	135	381	22,276
Sauvé		PQ		PQ	15,420	52.98%	2,377	8.17%	82.50%	15,420	13,043	550	–	94	29,107
Shefford		Lib		PQ	15,632	46.78%	727	2.18%	85.71%	15,632	14,905	2,725	–	156	33,418
Sherbrooke		PQ		PQ	16,194	52.83%	2,309	7.53%	83.00%	16,194	13,885	450	–	125	30,654
Taillon		PQ		PQ	21,535	67.59%	12,035	37.77%	83.58%	21,535	9,500	619	–	209	31,863
Taschereau		PQ		PQ	13,591	56.98%	4,207	17.64%	76.39%	13,591	9,384	566	–	310	23,851
Terrebonne		PQ		PQ	19,344	63.25%	8,981	29.36%	84.00%	19,344	10,363	878	–	–	30,585
Trois-Rivières		PQ		PQ	16,070	51.32%	1,950	6.23%	81.51%	16,070	14,120	926	83	113	31,312
Ungava	New		PQ	9,679	61.53%	3,627	23.06%	53.85%	9,679	6,052	–	–	–	15,731
Vachon	New		PQ	17,671	57.85%	5,699	18.66%	83.59%	17,671	11,972	901	–	–	30,544
Vanier		PQ		PQ	20,490	62.86%	9,217	28.27%	81.84%	20,490	11,273	655	–	180	32,598
Vaudreuil-Soulanges		PQ		Lib	18,992	51.56%	1,955	5.31%	84.92%	17,037	18,992	491	246	66	36,832
Verchères		PQ		PQ	19,272	55.98%	5,045	14.65%	87.34%	19,272	14,227	930	–	–	34,429
Verdun		Lib		Lib	17,406	61.40%	7,214	25.45%	83.49%	10,192	17,406	415	–	336	28,349
Viau		PQ		Lib	16,657	55.19%	4,103	13.60%	81.58%	12,554	16,657	574	–	394	30,179
Viger	New		Lib	18,794	59.37%	6,528	20.62%	84.64%	12,266	18,794	598	–	–	31,658
Vimont	New		PQ	16,725	56.03%	4,260	14.27%	87.90%	16,725	12,465	660	–	–	29,850
Westmount		Lib		Lib	22,636	79.87%	17,864	63.03%	77.57%	4,772	22,636	216	105	613	28,342

: = open seat : = turnout is above provincial average : = winning candidate was in previous Legislature : = incumbent had switched allegiance : = previously incumbent in another riding : = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature : = incumbency arose from byelection gain : = other incumbents renominated : = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada : = multiple candidates

Analysis

1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
80	42
42	80
		112	6	3
		4	3	2
		3	6	2
		2	11	4
			23	6
			6	2
			2	3
			1	6
			1	1

Source	Party	Total
align="center"	PQ	align="center"	Lib
Seats retained	Incumbents returned	49
Open seats held - new MNAs	8	3
Open seats held - return of previous member	1
Byelection loss reversed	2
Seats changing hands	Incumbents defeated - new MNAs	6
Incumbents defeated - return of previous members		2
Open seats gained	1	4
Byelection gain held		3
Incumbent changed allegiance	1	1
Ouster of third-party byelection gain	1
New ridings	New MNAs	6
Previous incumbent from other riding	5	4
Former MNA elected		1
Total	80	42

References

{{Cite canlaw. (1979)
1979 Act, s. 3
. (April 30, 1980). ["Avis de l'établissement de la liste des circonscriptions électorales"](https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/2360835). *Éditeur officiel du Québec*.
Drouilly, Pierre. (November 7, 2017). "Élections québécoises de 1981". Atlas des élections au Québec.
. ["Les membres de l'Assemblée nationale par circonscription"](https://www.assnat.qc.ca/fr/patrimoine/depcir/index.html). *[[National Assembly of Quebec]]*.

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