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1978 Costa Rican general election

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FieldValue
countryCosta Rica
flag_yearstate
previous_election1974 Costa Rican general election
previous_year1974
next_election1982 Costa Rican general election
next_year1982
election_date5 February 1978
module{{Infobox election
embedyes
election_namePresidential election
typepresidential
registered1,058,455
turnout81.27% ( 1.35pp)
image1Rodrigo Carazo Odio.jpg
nominee1**Rodrigo Carazo**
running_mate1**Rodrigo Altmann**
**José Miguel Alfaro**
party1Unity Coalition
popular_vote1**419,824**
percentage1**50.51%**
image2Luis Alberto Monge (1984).jpg
nominee2Luis Alberto Monge
running_mate2Alfonso Carro
Juan Rafael Arias
party2National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
popular_vote2364,285
percentage243.83%
map_imageElección Presidencial de Costa Rica (1978) (Distritos Administrativos).svg
map_captionResults by district
**Carazo**:
**Monge**:
**Tie**:
titlePresident
before_electionDaniel Oduber
before_partyNational Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
after_electionRodrigo Carazo
after_partyUnity Coalition
module{{Infobox legislative election
embedyes
election_nameLegislative election
seats_for_electionAll 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly
majority_seats29
turnout81.24% ( 1.35pp)
party1Unity Coalition
leader1Rodrigo Carazo Odio
percentage143.41
seats127
last_election1New
party2National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
leader2Luis Alberto Monge
percentage238.86
seats225
last_election227
party3United People (Costa Rica)
leader3Rodrigo Gutiérrez Sáenz
percentage37.66
seats33
last_election3New
party4Costa Rican Peoples' Front
leader4Rodolfo Cerdas Cruz
percentage41.56
seats41
last_election4New
party5Cartago Agrarian Union Party
leader5Martín Rolando Brenes
percentage50.96
seats51
last_election51
mapElecciones legislativas de Costa Rica de 1978 - Diputados por Provincia.svg
map_captionResults by province

José Miguel Alfaro

Juan Rafael Arias

Carazo:
Monge:
Tie:

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 5 February 1978. Rodrigo Carazo Odio of the Unity Coalition won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81%.

Carazo, a former congressman and former member of the National Liberation Party (probably Costa Rica's main political force), left the party several years before and created his own: Democratic Renovation, but a deeply split opposition on the 1974 election caused PLN's easy victory. With that in mind, main leaders of the non-Marxist opposition started talks in order to present a unified candidature.

Eventually these talks came through and the main parties in the opposition at the right of the government achieved an agreement; going into a primary election to choose the common nominee. Rodrigo Carazo faced wealthy industrial Miguel Barzuna winning by small margin. Even when some leaders left the coalition after this (most notably Jorge Gonzalez Marten from the National Independent Party and former president Mario Echandi) most of the leadership remained united. The Unity Coalition was created out of the joining of four parties: Carazo's Democratic Renovation, former president José Joaquín Trejos’ People's Union, Rafael Calderón Fournier (son of Calderonist leader Rafael Calderón Guardia) Republican Party and Dr. Jorge Arturo Monge's Christian Democratic Party (the smallest one of the coalition but the most ideologically coherent).

The Left also made a coalition; the three main far-left parties at the Left of PLN; Popular Vanguard, Costa Rican Socialist Party and Revolutionary People's Movement made the United People coalition, nominating former PLN member and doctor Rodrigo Gutierrez. Gutierrez had no possibilities to be president but the coalition did help the Left having a higher voting than usual and a large group in Congress. For many historians this election marks the beginning of Costa Rica's two-party system.

Results

President

By province

ProvinceCarazo %Monge %Gutiérrez %Villalobos %Villalobos %González %Coronado %Cordero%Unity Coalition}}"National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}"United People (Costa Rica)}}"National Unification Party (Costa Rica)}}"Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}"National Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}"Democratic Party (Costa Rica)}}"
San JoséUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"52.142.42.91.40.40.40.20.1
AlajuelaUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"50.645.71.61.20.40.30.10.1
Cartago47.1National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;"47.32.01.90.60.60.20.3
HerediaUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"51.244.22.90.90.40.30.20.1
PuntarenasUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"48.042.84.62.80.60.60.30.3
LimónUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"49.938.35.93.70.70.70.40.4
GuanacasteUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"49.346.21.41.70.50.40.30.3
**Total**Unity Coalition}}; color:white;"50.543.82.71.60.50.40.20.2

Legislative Assembly

By province

ProvinceCUPLNPUPUNFPCRPURPNIPIPOSTPDOthersUnity Coalition}}"National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}"United People (Costa Rica)}}"National Unification Party (Costa Rica)}}"Costa Rican Peoples' Front}}"National Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}"Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}"Democratic Party (Costa Rica)}}"%S%S%S%S%S%S%S%S%S%S%S
San JoséUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"44.6**10**36.9**8**9.3**2**2.1**0**3.1**1**0.8**0**0.5**0**0.7**0**1.2**0**0.4**0**0.3**0**
AlajuelaUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"46.2**5**42.8**5**4.2**0**4.3**0**-**-**1.0**0**0.8**0**0.7**0**0.5**0**0.4**0**1.2**0**
Cartago36.7**2**National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}; color:white;"39.2**3**5.6**0**3.5**0**-**-**1.9**0**1.3**0**1.1**0**-**-**0.6**0**10.1**1**
HerediaUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"44.7**2**40.5**2**9.5**0**2.2**0**-**-**0.5**0**0.7**0**0.7**0**-**-**0.2**0**1.0**0**
PuntarenasUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"39.7**3**38.3**3**8.9**1**4.3**0**3.0**0**1.2**0**1.0**0**0.9**0**-**-**0.4**0**2.3**0**
LimónUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"38.7**2**30.3**2**12.0**0**4.5**0**-**-**2.1**0**3.2**0**0.9**0**-**-**0.5**0**7.8**0**
GuanacasteUnity Coalition}}; color:white;"45.5**3**43.0**2**4.2**0**4.1**0**-**-**1.3**0**0.7**0**0.6**0**-**-**0.3**0**0.2**0**
**Total**Unity Coalition}}; color:white;"43.4**27**38.9**25**7.7**3**3.1**0**1.6**1**1.0**0**0.8**0**0.7**0**0.4**0**0.4**0**2.0**0**

Local governments

syndics|seattype4=+/–

References

References

  1. [[Dieter Nohlen]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p 155 {{ISBN. 978-0-19-928357-6
  2. Nohlen, p 157
  3. (2005). "Paying for Democracy: Political Finance and State Funding for Parties". ECPR Press.
  4. "Elections and Events 1948-1986 1948".
  5. (4 February 2014). "Heads of States and Governments Since 1945". Routledge.
  6. (27 August 2012). "The Politics of Modern Central America".
  7. (1992). "Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s".
  8. (20 September 2007). "Party Politics in New Democracies". Oxford University Press.
  9. "Elecciones Regidurías 1978". Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones.
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