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1973 Quebec general election

Canadian provincial election

Field	Value
election_name	1973 Quebec general election
country	Quebec
type	parliamentary
ongoing	no
party_colour	no
party_name	no
previous_election	1970 Quebec general election
previous_year	1970
previous_mps	29th National Assembly of Quebec
next_election	1976 Quebec general election
next_year	1976
elected_mps	30th National Assembly of Quebec
seats_for_election	110 seats in the [30th National Assembly of Quebec](30th-national-assembly-of-quebec)
56 seats were needed for a majority
turnout	80.39% (3.84%)
election_date	October 29, 1973
image1	[[File:Robert-Bourassa (3x4).jpg	x175px]]
colour1
leader1	Robert Bourassa
leader_since1	January 17, 1970
party1
leaders_seat1	Mercier
last_election1	72 seats, 45.40%
seats1	102
seat_change1	30
popular_vote1	1,623,734
percentage1	54.65%
swing1	9.25%
image2	[[File:René Lévesque 1980 (3x4).jpg	x175px]]
colour2
leader2	René Lévesque
leader_since2	October 14, 1968
party2
leaders_seat2	Lost election in Dorion
last_election2	7 seats, 23.06%
seats2	6
seat_change2	1
popular_vote2	897,809
percentage2	30.22%
swing2	7.16%
image4	PC
colour4
leader4	Yvon Dupuis
leader_since4	February 4, 1973
party4
leaders_seat4	Lost election in Saint-Jean
last_election4	12 seats, 11.19%
seats4	2
seat_change4	10
popular_vote4	294,706
percentage4	9.92%
swing4	1.27%
image5	[[File:Gabriel Loubier.jpg	175x175px]]
colour5
leader5	Gabriel Loubier
leader_since5	June 19, 1971
party5
leaders_seat5	Bellechasse (lost re-election)
last_election5	17 seats, 19.65%
seats5	0
seat_change5	17
popular_vote5	146,209
percentage5	4.92%
swing5	14.73%
map_image	1973 Quebec general election.svg
map_caption	Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Click the map for more details.
title	Premier
before_election	Robert Bourassa
before_party
after_election	Robert Bourassa
posttitle	Premier after election
after_party

56 seats were needed for a majority The 1973 Quebec general election was held on October 29, 1973 to elect members to National Assembly of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Premier Robert Bourassa, won re-election, defeating the Parti Québécois, led by René Lévesque, and the Union Nationale (UN).

The Liberals won the largest majority government in the province's history, with 102 seats. In the process, they reduced the opposition to just eight seats (six PQ, two créditistes) in total. The Parti Québécois held its own, losing only one seat, and despite having fewer seats, became the official Opposition, although PQ leader René Lévesque failed to win a seat in the Assembly.

The Union Nationale, which had held power until the previous 1970 general election, was wiped off the electoral map, losing all 17 of its seats. It would be the first time since the UN's founding in 1935 that the party was without representation in the legislature. However, UN candidate Maurice Bellemare later won a seat in a 1974 by-election.

The popular vote was not as lopsided as the seat count would indicate, even though the Liberals won 54 percent of the popular vote. The Parti Québécois, for instance, won 30% of the popular vote, a significant improvement over their previous showing of 23% in the 1970 election. However, their support was spread out across the entire province, and was not concentrated in enough areas to translate into more seats. Quebec elections have historically produced significant disparities in seat counts.

Legislative reforms (1970{{en dash}}1973)

Abolition of protected ridings

Upon Confederation in 1867, section 80 of the British North America Act, 1867 provided for the following ridings in the Legislative Assembly to be protected from having their boundaries altered without the consent of the majority of the members representing them:

Argenteuil
Brome
Compton
Huntingdon
Mégantic
Missisquoi
Ottawa
- Labelle was carved out in 1912
  - Papineau was carved out from Labelle in 1922
- Ottawa was divided into Hull and Papineau in 1919
Pontiac
- Témiscaming was carved out in 1912
  - Abitibi was carved out from Témiscamingue in 1922
Richmond and Wolfe (divided into Richmond and Wolfe in 1890)
Shefford
Sherbrooke
Stanstead

Consent by a majority of the members of the 18 districts concerned was finally secured in December 1970, and the constitutional restrictions were accordingly revoked. Work would then proceed on a comprehensive redistribution for the next ensuing election.

Redistribution of ridings

A 1972 Act increased the number of MNAs from 108 to 110 through the following changes:

Abolished ridings	New ridings	Drawn from parts of other ridings	Abolition of ridings	Reorganization of ridings	Merger of ridings	Division of ridings	Renaming of ridings

Campaign

The Liberals, Unionists and péquistes all fielded full slates, while the créditistes failed to nominate a candidate only in Saint-Laurent (because a traffic accident prevented that candidate from presenting his nomination papers before the deadline), so virtually all constituencies experienced at least four-way contests:

Candidates	Total
align="center"	Lib	align="center"	PQ
3	1
4	76
5	29
6	2
7	1
8	1
Total	110

Results

|- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=4 | MNAs ! colspan=4 | Votes |- ! Candidates 1970 !1973 !± !# ! ± !% ! ± (pp) | 110 || 72 || 102 || 30 || 1,623,734 || 319,393 || 54.65% || 9.25 | 110 || 7 || 6 || 1 || 897,809 || 235,405 || 30.22% || 7.16 1973 results compared to 1970 Ralliement créditiste total | 109 || 12 || 2 || 10 || 294,706 || 26,664 || 9.92% || 1.27 | 110 || 17 || – || 17 || 146,209 || 418,335 || 4.92% || 14.73 | || 22 || – || – || – || 6,961 || 5,567 || 0.23% || 0.21 | || 15 || – || – || – || 1,395 || 1,395 || 0.05% ||New | 3 || – || – || – || 164 || 49 || 0.01% || – |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Total |479||108 ! " colspan="2"|110 ! " colspan="2"|2,970,978 ! " colspan="2"| 100.00% |- | 54,760

2,269
3,025,738
95,739
80.38
3.85
-
3,764,611
286,033
}

Vote and seat summaries

|File:Ternary QC1970.svg |1970 |File:Ternary QC1973.svg |1973

Party	Seats	Votes	Change (pp)
			{{bartable	9.25
			{{bartable	7.16
			{{bartable	-1.27
			{{bartable	-14.73
			{{bartable	-0.21
			{{bartable	-0.20

Synopsis of results

Riding	Winning party	Turnout
including spoilt ballots	Votes	Name	[1970](1970-quebec-general-election)	Party	Votes	Share	Margin
#	Margin
%	Lib	PQ	Cr	UN	Ind	ML	Comm	Total
Abitibi-Est		RC		Lib	12,696	50.75%	6,657	26.61%	65.38%	12,696	5,726	6,039	343	212	–	–	25,016
Abitibi-Ouest		RC		Lib	9,963	48.28%	2,712	13.14%	74.96%	9,963	2,804	7,251	513	106	–	–	20,637
Anjou	New		Lib	15,037	48.59%	828	2.68%	83.41%	15,037	14,209	1,278	425	–	–	–	30,949
Argenteuil		Lib		Lib	14,022	57.96%	8,811	36.42%	80.41%	14,022	3,730	5,211	766	465	–	–	24,194
Arthabaska		Lib		Lib	16,275	55.30%	9,458	32.14%	87.34%	16,275	4,994	6,817	1,342	–	–	–	29,428
Beauce-Nord	New		Lib	13,814	56.14%	9,469	38.48%	81.86%	13,814	4,345	4,293	2,153	–	–	–	24,605
Beauce-Sud	New		Cr	10,481	46.29%	7,688	33.96%	80.39%	9,586	1,898	10,481	676	–	–	–	22,641
Beauharnois		Lib		Lib	15,817	51.56%	3,685	12.01%	87.77%	15,817	12,132	1,727	1,002	–	–	–	30,678
Bellechasse		UN		Lib	9,206	44.30%	1,044	5.02%	77.99%	9,206	2,054	1,357	8,162	–	–	–	20,779
Berthier		UN		Lib	11,428	51.48%	6,570	29.60%	82.22%	11,428	4,858	2,988	2,923	–	–	–	22,197
Bonaventure		Lib		Lib	12,936	69.64%	9,482	51.04%	78.61%	12,936	3,454	821	1,365	–	–	–	18,576
Bourassa		Lib		Lib	15,822	53.81%	3,889	13.23%	81.44%	15,822	11,933	1,195	453	–	–	–	29,403
Bourget		PQ		Lib	13,916	46.94%	300	1.01%	83.63%	13,916	13,616	1,646	375	91	–	–	29,644
Brome-Missisquoi	New		Lib	12,999	62.02%	9,687	46.22%	78.27%	12,999	2,860	3,312	1,587	202	–	–	20,960
Chambly		Lib		Lib	19,005	56.55%	6,745	20.07%	86.44%	19,005	12,260	1,629	714	–	–	–	33,608
Champlain		Lib		Lib	14,698	54.91%	8,821	32.96%	82.79%	14,698	5,877	4,575	1,616	–	–	–	26,766
Charlesbourg	New		Lib	19,770	57.79%	8,172	23.89%	85.16%	19,770	11,598	1,964	876	–	–	–	34,208
Charlevoix		Lib		Lib	13,682	63.91%	9,982	46.63%	82.37%	13,682	3,700	3,265	760	–	–	–	21,407
Châteauguay		Lib		Lib	17,152	60.43%	8,095	28.52%	80.13%	17,152	9,057	1,432	743	–	–	–	28,384
Chauveau		Lib		Lib	18,510	55.22%	8,555	25.52%	83.07%	18,510	9,955	3,726	1,328	–	–	–	33,519
Chicoutimi		UN		PQ	12,359	42.14%	1,031	3.52%	83.86%	11,328	12,359	1,370	4,268	–	–	–	29,325
Crémazie	New		Lib	15,993	50.18%	1,396	4.38%	86.07%	15,993	14,597	783	450	–	50	–	31,873
D'Arcy-McGee		Lib		Lib	26,958	93.77%	25,737	89.52%	77.59%	26,958	1,221	418	152	–	–	–	28,749
Deux-Montagnes		Lib		Lib	15,732	59.18%	7,979	30.02%	83.17%	15,732	7,753	2,290	808	–	–	–	26,583
Dorion		Lib		Lib	13,649	47.68%	293	1.02%	79.27%	13,649	13,356	982	522	–	116	–	28,625
Drummond		Lib		Lib	14,781	46.84%	6,798	21.54%	86.11%	14,781	7,457	7,983	1,333	–	–	–	31,554
Dubuc		UN		Lib	11,042	50.43%	4,186	19.12%	81.90%	11,042	6,856	1,858	2,139	–	–	–	21,895
Duplessis		Lib		Lib	13,404	52.94%	2,481	9.80%	66.99%	13,404	10,923	504	416	–	70	–	25,317
Fabre		Lib		Lib	20,810	52.06%	3,753	9.39%	85.61%	20,810	17,057	1,558	545	–	–	–	39,970
Frontenaccovers a virtually different area from the previous incarnation of Frontenac	New		Lib	10,527	39.75%	4,274	16.14%	85.41%	10,527	6,253	3,882	5,820	–	–	–	26,482
Gaspé	New		Lib	13,004	62.25%	6,949	33.26%	75.67%	13,004	6,055	690	1,141	–	–	–	20,890
Gatineau		Lib		Lib	15,025	70.15%	11,638	54.33%	69.95%	15,025	3,387	2,184	823	–	–	–	21,419
Gouin		PQ		Lib	12,506	48.07%	636	2.44%	78.21%	12,506	11,870	1,078	560	–	–	–	26,014
Hull		Lib		Lib	15,325	57.08%	7,107	26.47%	68.99%	15,325	8,218	2,402	587	316	–	–	26,848
Huntingdon		Lib		Lib	11,328	58.54%	8,126	41.99%	79.76%	11,328	2,853	1,969	3,202	–	–	–	19,352
Iberville		UN		Lib	10,688	37.39%	2,429	8.50%	84.13%	10,688	5,373	8,259	4,132	134	–	–	28,586
Îles-de-la-Madeleine		Lib		Lib	3,839	60.87%	1,780	28.22%	82.62%	3,839	2,059	232	177	–	–	–	6,307
Jacques-Cartier		Lib		Lib	19,551	69.25%	12,657	44.83%	78.51%	19,551	6,894	1,082	705	–	–	–	28,232
Jean-Talon		Lib		Lib	18,708	64.89%	10,196	35.37%	84.50%	18,708	8,512	677	933	–	–	–	28,830
Jeanne-Mance		Lib		Lib	22,308	55.10%	5,835	14.41%	83.17%	22,308	16,473	1,074	632	–	–	–	40,487
Johnsonformerly Bagot		UN		Lib	10,543	48.20%	3,940	18.01%	82.05%	10,543	3,597	6,603	1,130	–	–	–	21,873
Joliette-Montcalm	New		Lib	18,010	55.61%	6,010	18.56%	84.70%	18,010	12,000	1,712	666	–	–	–	32,388
Jonquière		Lib		Lib	16,985	53.71%	4,135	13.08%	84.30%	16,985	12,850	892	897	–	–	–	31,624
Kamouraska-Témiscouata	New		Lib	10,617	51.97%	5,266	25.77%	72.81%	10,617	3,282	5,351	1,181	–	–	–	20,431
L'Acadie	New		Lib	20,354	66.39%	11,296	36.85%	83.59%	20,354	9,058	670	488	–	86	–	30,656
L'Assomption		Lib		Lib	16,806	48.58%	1,683	4.86%	85.40%	16,806	15,123	2,094	572	–	–	–	34,595
Lac-Saint-Jean		Lib		Lib	12,554	50.70%	3,337	13.48%	85.23%	12,554	9,217	1,545	1,378	68	–	–	24,762
LaFontaine		PQ		PQ	14,866	50.18%	2,308	7.79%	83.27%	12,558	14,866	1,725	476	–	–	–	29,625
Laporte	New		Lib	17,427	47.14%	372	1.01%	81.76%	17,427	17,055	1,846	641	–	–	–	36,969
La Prairieformerly Napierville-Laprairie		Lib		Lib	23,723	63.13%	12,294	32.72%	83.66%	23,723	11,429	1,757	667	–	–	–	37,576
Laurentides-Labelleformerly Labelle		UN		Lib	10,000	41.73%	2,388	9.97%	80.70%	10,000	7,612	3,486	2,864	–	–	–	23,962
Laurier		Lib		Lib	17,889	64.81%	9,519	34.49%	78.87%	17,889	8,370	836	507	–	–	–	27,602
Laval		Lib		Lib	21,676	64.56%	11,673	34.77%	83.33%	21,676	10,003	1,386	511	–	–	–	33,576
Laviolette		Lib		Lib	11,800	46.28%	4,765	18.69%	82.88%	11,800	7,035	4,584	2,076	–	–	–	25,495
Lévis		RC		Lib	16,534	54.73%	7,450	24.66%	85.61%	16,534	9,084	3,177	1,416	–	–	–	30,211
Limoilou		Lib		Lib	16,140	53.86%	5,749	19.19%	81.32%	16,140	10,391	1,944	1,428	–	61	–	29,964
Lotbinière		RC		Lib	9,907	48.11%	3,744	18.18%	81.41%	9,907	2,318	6,163	2,204	–	–	–	20,592
Louis-Hébert		Lib		Lib	17,583	49.01%	777	2.17%	84.91%	17,583	16,806	735	702	–	50	–	35,876
Maisonneuve		PQ		PQ	12,198	50.97%	2,276	9.51%	75.34%	9,922	12,198	1,215	413	147	38	–	23,933
Marguerite-Bourgeoys		Lib		Lib	23,848	66.50%	13,700	38.20%	80.40%	23,848	10,148	1,137	488	242	–	–	35,863
Maskinongé		UN		Lib	10,610	48.81%	5,276	24.27%	83.82%	10,610	3,594	2,198	5,334	–	–	–	21,736
Matane		Lib		Lib	10,102	49.58%	2,650	13.01%	76.99%	10,102	7,452	2,126	694	–	–	–	20,374
Matapédia		Lib		Lib	7,564	42.81%	2,459	13.92%	76.02%	7,564	5,105	3,092	1,906	–	–	–	17,667
Mégantic-Compton	New		Lib	9,815	47.96%	4,430	21.65%	79.01%	9,815	2,819	5,385	2,445	–	–	–	20,464
Mercier		Lib		Lib	13,757	52.87%	2,880	11.07%	75.07%	13,757	10,877	809	411	71	70	23	26,018
Mille-Îles	New		Lib	19,809	49.52%	2,188	5.47%	86.61%	19,809	17,621	1,954	616	–	–	–	40,000
Mont-Royal	New		Lib	23,780	83.21%	19,813	69.33%	78.45%	23,780	3,967	457	373	–	–	–	28,577
Montmagny-L'Islet	New		Lib	11,375	51.88%	5,588	25.48%	76.03%	11,375	2,538	2,227	5,787	–	–	–	21,927
Montmorency		Lib		Lib	15,248	51.89%	5,973	20.33%	84.52%	15,248	9,275	3,863	999	–	–	–	29,385
Nicolet-Yamaska	New		Lib	11,126	49.07%	4,789	21.12%	84.17%	11,126	3,233	1,978	6,337	–	–	–	22,674
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce		Lib		Lib	23,263	81.64%	19,613	68.83%	77.70%	23,263	3,650	1,156	424	–	–	–	28,493
Orfordformerly Stanstead		Lib		Lib	13,924	63.08%	10,127	45.88%	81.23%	13,924	3,797	3,574	777	–	–	–	22,072
Outremont		Lib		Lib	17,262	62.84%	8,145	29.65%	77.42%	17,262	9,117	499	421	–	169	–	27,468
Papineau		Lib		Lib	16,610	61.22%	10,254	37.79%	72.49%	16,610	6,356	3,482	683	–	–	–	27,131
Pointe-Claire	New		Lib	26,871	87.90%	24,316	79.54%	78.40%	26,871	2,555	859	285	–	–	–	30,570
Pontiac-Témiscamingue	New		Lib	10,269	61.39%	6,576	39.31%	69.84%	10,269	1,392	3,693	1,373	–	–	–	16,727
Portneuf		RC		Lib	12,638	53.14%	6,555	27.56%	85.43%	12,638	4,067	6,083	993	–	–	–	23,781
Prévost	New		Lib	15,805	48.48%	3,938	12.08%	80.64%	15,805	11,867	3,726	1,022	105	–	73	32,598
Richelieu		Lib		Lib	15,198	55.21%	5,734	20.83%	87.23%	15,198	9,464	2,017	848	–	–	–	27,527
Richmond		RC		Lib	7,569	40.70%	355	1.91%	82.28%	7,569	3,130	7,214	686	–	–	–	18,599
Rimouski		Lib		Lib	13,268	50.92%	4,518	17.34%	82.19%	13,268	8,750	3,307	730	–	–	–	26,055
Rivière-du-Loup		Lib		Lib	10,827	50.41%	6,079	28.30%	79.21%	10,827	3,773	4,748	2,129	–	–	–	21,477
Robert-Baldwin		Lib		Lib	26,189	81.03%	21,106	65.30%	81.36%	26,189	5,083	701	293	–	55	–	32,321
Roberval		Lib		Lib	13,737	53.06%	7,661	29.59%	79.58%	13,737	6,076	4,689	1,388	–	–	–	25,890
Rosemont	New		Lib	15,002	50.65%	2,015	6.80%	81.45%	15,002	12,987	1,070	560	–	–	–	29,619
Rouyn-Noranda		RC		Cr	9,227	42.80%	4,380	20.32%	77.49%	8,195	3,815	9,227	322	–	–	–	21,559
Saguenay		PQ		PQ	10,226	51.14%	2,293	11.47%	72.20%	7,933	10,226	1,404	327	105	–	–	19,995
Saint-François	New		Lib	12,519	53.38%	5,679	24.22%	80.26%	12,519	6,840	2,885	1,208	–	–	–	23,452
Saint-Henri		Lib		Lib	14,877	52.72%	3,548	12.57%	78.33%	14,877	11,329	1,248	625	–	141	–	28,220
Saint-Hyacinthe		Lib		Lib	13,325	48.29%	5,535	20.06%	83.69%	13,325	7,790	4,707	1,771	–	–	–	27,593
Saint-Jacques		PQ		PQ	11,312	51.58%	2,465	11.24%	68.84%	8,847	11,312	1,039	654	79	–	–	21,931
Saint-Jean		Lib		Lib	12,904	45.48%	4,678	16.49%	86.65%	12,904	8,226	6,588Yvon Dupuis had also been previously elected to the Legislative Assembly in [1952](1952-quebec-general-election) for Montréal–Sainte-Marie	656	–	–	–	28,374
Saint-Laurent		Lib		Lib	21,246	74.02%	14,312	49.86%	78.89%	21,246	6,934	–	522	–	–	–	28,702
Saint-Louis		Lib		Lib	14,095	63.34%	7,382	33.17%	61.30%	14,095	6,713	738	541	–	167	–	22,254
Saint-Maurice		UN		Lib	8,865	34.12%	1,414	5.44%	85.28%	8,865	7,451	2,230	7,433	–	–	–	25,979
Saint-Anne		Lib		Lib	12,755	54.92%	5,276	22.72%	71.10%	12,755	7,479	968	278	1,641	104	–	23,225
Sainte-Marie		PQ		Lib	10,958	46.15%	48	0.20%	75.90%	10,958	10,910	1,064	694	–	116	–	23,742
Sauvé	New		PQ	18,235	51.01%	2,760	7.72%	80.97%	15,475	18,235	1,491	499	47	–	–	35,747
Shefford		UN		Lib	10,775	39.73%	3,528	13.01%	84.16%	10,775	4,633	7,247	4,467	–	–	–	27,122
Sherbrooke		Lib		Lib	15,117	52.38%	6,082	21.07%	80.87%	15,117	9,035	3,042	1,667	–	–	–	28,861
Taillon		Lib		Lib	18,346	46.67%	577	1.47%	78.88%	18,346	17,769	2,546	550	103	–	–	39,314
Taschereau	New		Lib	11,714	51.94%	4,750	21.06%	73.79%	11,714	6,964	2,334	1,438	–	102	–	22,552
Terrebonne		Lib		Lib	17,255	52.52%	3,984	12.13%	85.67%	17,255	13,271	1,829	431	–	–	68	32,854
Trois-Rivières		Lib		Lib	16,714	57.57%	8,007	27.58%	78.80%	16,714	8,707	1,865	1,746	–	–	–	29,032
Vanier	New		Lib	16,410	53.73%	6,183	20.25%	81.19%	16,410	10,227	2,199	1,164	539	–	–	30,539
Vaudreuil-Soulanges		Lib		Lib	14,563	56.88%	7,551	29.49%	82.53%	14,563	7,012	3,010	1,017	–	–	–	25,602
Verchères		Lib		Lib	14,315	52.90%	5,306	19.61%	85.09%	14,315	9,009	2,418	1,317	–	–	–	27,059
Verdun		Lib		Lib	19,439	67.25%	11,496	39.77%	80.23%	19,439	7,943	1,109	415	–	–	–	28,906
Viau	New		Lib	16,404	56.67%	5,600	19.35%	78.93%	16,404	10,804	1,069	525	142	–	–	28,944
Westmount		Lib		Lib	21,354	76.92%	17,752	63.95%	75.78%	21,354	3,602	402	256	2,146	–	–	27,760

: = open seat : = turnout is above provincial average : = winning candidate was in previous Legislature : = incumbent had switched allegiance : = previously incumbent in another riding : = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature : = incumbency arose from byelection gain : = other incumbents renominated : = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada : = multiple candidates

Analysis

Party in 1st place	Party in 2nd place	Total	Lib	PQ	Cr
	81	16	5	102
6				6
2				2
Total	8	81	16	5	110

1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
102	8
6	81	23
2	16	76	15
	5	9	94	2
		2		17
				13
				1

Source	Party	Total
align="center"	Lib	align="center"	PQ	align="center"	Cr
Seats retained	Incumbents returned	48
Open seats held - taken by incumbents from other ridings	2
Open seats held - new MNAs	10
Seats changing hands	Incumbents defeated	17
Open seats gained	1
New ridings	Previous incumbents from other ridings	13
New MNAs	11	1
Total		102	6

References

{{Cite canlaw. (1970)
{{Cite canlaw. (1972)
Saumart, Ingrid. (October 23, 1973). "Déjà ministre...". [[La Presse (Canadian newspaper).
Drouilly, Pierre. (November 7, 2017). "Élections québécoises de 1973". Atlas des élections au Québec.
. ["Les membres de l'Assemblée nationale par circonscription"](https://www.assnat.qc.ca/fr/patrimoine/depcir/index.html). *[[National Assembly of Quebec]]*.

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