1973 Kano Nigeria Airways Boeing 707 crash

Aircraft

The aircraft involved in the accident was a two-year-old Boeing 707-3D3C, JY-ADO, owned by Alia Royal Jordanian Airlines, operating on behalf of Nigeria Airways. It first flew in 1971 and was powered by four Pratt and Whitney JT3D engines. The Captain of the flight was 53-year-old John Waterman, who had been flying for 22 years in the middle east and had accumulated 22,000 hours of flying experience.

Flight

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The Boeing 707, operated by Alia, had been chartered by Nigeria Airways to fly pilgrims back from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to Lagos, Nigeria. Due to bad weather conditions at Lagos, the pilots had to divert the flight to Kano. The pilots had to make a second landing attempt due to low visibility from haze and a harmattan. Kano International Airport was experiencing high winds at the time. The aircraft landed nose wheel first, and the nose wheel collapsed after hitting a depression in the runway. The right main landing gear leg subsequently collapsed. The aircraft turned 180 degrees, left the runway and burst into flames.

Of the 202 passengers and crew on board, 176 died and 26 survived, including captain Waterman. At the time it was the deadliest aviation accident, a distinction it only held for about 14 months until Turkish Airlines Flight 981 crashed in France, killing 346 people. The Kano aircraft crash was also the deadliest aviation disaster involving a Boeing 707 at the time until another Alia Royal Jordanian plane crashed in Morocco two years later.

Investigation

In 1975, the Nigerian government concluded that the cause of crash was pilot error, stating that captain Waterman flew the aircraft in a reckless manner. According to GeoJournal, the crash was the result of a "mechanical factor". A UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) paper published in 2003 references the crash and an assessment that all fatalities were a result of the fire, and reports a "prolonged pause" before evacuation.

References

References

1. "JY-ADO".
2. "Crash of a Boeing 707-3D3C in Kano: 176 killed". Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives.
3. (5 February 1973). "DISASTERS: End of a Pilgrimage".
4. (23 January 1973). "Pilgrims' Jet Crashes in Nigeria; 180 Are Feared Dead, a Record". [[The New York Times]].
5. (28 January 1973). "Algerian, Airline Official Dispute 707 Crash Toll". [[Pacific Daily News]].
6. "事故詳細 {{!}}（事故No,19730122a）". eonet.ne.jp.
7. (24 January 1973). "Pilgrim plane crash toll 156". [[Liverpool Daily Post.
8. "Accident details".
9. (1973-01-22). "World's Worst Plane Crash Kills 190 Pilgrims". [[Ludington Daily News]].
10. "TC-JAV".
11. "JY-AEE".
12. (1975-09-18). "U.S. Pilot Blamed for Crash That Killed 157 in Nigeria". The New York Times.
13. (October 2021). "Spatio-temporal patterns of air crashes in Nigeria between 1960 and 2012". [[GeoJournal]].
14. "CAA Paper 2002/04: A Benefit Analysis for Cabin Water Spray Systems and Enhanced Fuselage Burnthrough Protection {{!}} UK Civil Aviation Authority".