1969 Major League Baseball season

New commissioner

Bowie Kuhn was named the 5th commissioner of baseball at the start of the season replacing previous commissioner William Eckert. Eckert was forced out by the owners in December 1968 mainly because of his refusal to cancel games in the wake of the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. and for his refusal to help the owners during a player strike they anticipated was around the corner. Kuhn was named interim commissioner during that time and became the official commissioner by the start of the season. Kuhn remains the youngest ever commissioner of baseball, being only 42 when he took office.

Expansion

MLB called for a four-team expansion to take place in 1971 at the 1967 Winter Meetings, the first expansion since 1962. However, there was a complication: influential U.S. Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri was irate over the American League's approval of Kansas City Athletics owner Charles O. Finley's arrangement to move his team to Oakland, California, for the 1968 season. This happened even though Finley had just signed a deal to play at Municipal Stadium at AL president Joe Cronin's behest, and Jackson County, Missouri, had just issued public bonds to build a stadium, the future Royals Stadium (now Kauffman Stadium), which would be completed in 1973.

Symington drew up legislation to remove baseball's anti-trust exemption and threatened to pursue its passage if Kansas City did not get a new team. The leagues agreed and moved expansion up to 1969, with the AL putting one of its new franchises in Kansas City, Missouri. Ewing Kauffman won the bidding for that franchise, naming it the Kansas City Royals, after the local American Royal livestock show. The other AL team was awarded to Seattle, Washington. A consortium led by Dewey Soriano and William Daley won the bidding for the Seattle franchise and named it the Seattle Pilots, a salute to the harbor pilots of the Puget Sound maritime industry and to the city's place in the aviation industry.

In the NL, one franchise was awarded to San Diego, California; the other to Montreal, Quebec, resulting in the first MLB franchise outside the United States. C. Arnholdt Smith, former owner of the AAA Pacific Coast League's San Diego Padres, won the bidding for the San Diego franchise, and the new San Diego MLB team inherited the Padres moniker. Charles Bronfman, owner of Seagram, won the bidding for the Montreal franchise, naming them the Expos, in honor of the World's Fair that year. This was the last NL expansion until the season, and the last expansion for the major leagues overall until .

Division play

As part of the 1969 expansion, each league was to be split into two divisions of six teams each, with each league holding a best-of-five League Championship Series to decide the pennant. The AL was divided purely along geographic lines, but when it came to assign divisions in the NL, the Chicago Cubs and St. Louis Cardinals insisted on being placed in the same division with the New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies, on the basis that a schedule with more games with eastern teams would create a more lucrative schedule. Thus, Atlanta and Cincinnati were placed in the NL West. This alignment also addressed concerns that putting the league's three strongest clubs at the time—St. Louis, San Francisco, and the Cubs—in the west would result in divisional inequity.

The Padres and Expos each finished with 110 losses and at the bottom of their respective divisions. The Royals did better, finishing 69–93 and in fourth in the AL West, ahead of the Chicago White Sox. Even though the Pilots managed to avoid losing 100 games (they finished 64–98, last in the AL West), financial trouble would lead to a battle for team control, ending with bankruptcy and the sale of the team to Bud Selig and its move to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as the Milwaukee Brewers for the 1970 season. The legal fallout of the battle would lead eventually to another round of expansion for the AL in the season, with Seattle getting a new team called the Mariners.

Logo

A special silhouetted batter logo, still in use by the league today, was created by Jerry Dior to commemorate the 100th anniversary of professional baseball. Every player and official in Major League Baseball wore a jersey patch that featured the logo and the phrase "100th anniversary" in red letters. It has served as inspiration for logos for other sports leagues in the United States—most notably the National Basketball Association, which used the silhouette of Jerry West to create their current logo, unveiled after the 1968–69 season.

Schedule

The 1969 schedule consisted of 162 games for all teams in the American League and National League, each of which had twelve teams. Each league was split into two six-team divisions. Each team was scheduled to play 18 games against their five division rivals, totaling 90 games, and 12 games against six interdivision opponents, totaling 72 games. This format was implemented due to expansion of each league from ten to twelve teams, and the subsequent split of each league into two divisions. This format would be used until in the American League and in the National League.

Opening Day took place on April 7, featuring six teams. The final day of the regular season was on October 2, featuring 18 teams. Each League Championship Series took place between October 4 and October 6. The World Series took place between October 11 and October 16.

Rules changes

The 1969 season saw the following rule changes:

• In an effort to counteract a trend of low-scoring games and pitching ruling overall, Major League Baseball adopted two measures during the Baseball Winter Meetings held in December 1968.
  • The strike zone was reduced to the area over home plate between the armpits and the top of the knees of a batter.
  • The height of the pitcher's mound was reduced from 15 inches to 10 inches, and it was recommended that the slope be gradual and uniform in every park.
• A save became an official MLB statistic to reward relief pitchers who preserve a lead while finishing a game.
• For relievers entering a game mid-game, scorers were now allowed to charge relievers with earned runs allowed, including potential inning ending plays that instead ended with errors. Runs would be earned for the relief pitcher, but unearned for the team.
• A "temporary inactive list" was created for players for when they were injured or ill, unrelated to baseball activities. For 21 days, players would be removed from rosters and would go unpaid. However, players would still remain under contract.
• The American League continued to experiment with rules during spring training, further experimenting with a permanent designated hitter and permanent pinch runner, as well as the automatically awarding first base for intentional walks (a rule that would not be implemented until .
• Mid-season, the National League ruled that if a second game of a doubleheader was called off due to darkness, the game would be a suspended game.

Teams

An asterisk () denotes the ballpark a team played the minority of their home games at*

Spring training boycott

After the 1968 season, the Major League Baseball Players' Association and the owners had concluded the first collective bargaining agreement in major league history. However, one point remained unresolved: the owners refused to increase their contribution to the players' pension plan commensurately with revenues from television broadcasts, which were increasing as more and more fans watched games that way. With the two sides at an impasse, at the beginning of the year the union called on players to refuse to sign contracts until the issue was resolved. Many did, including stars like Brooks Robinson.

The owners did not change their position, so the players' union called for members to boycott spring training the following month if the issue had not been resolved by then. After the union rejected the owners' offer of a higher yet still fixed contribution on February 17, the day before spring training was to begin, 400 players refused to report. The owners expected the situation to resolve itself soon in their favor, since they usually lost money on training camps while the players were foregoing their pay in the meantime.

The players remained united, and few changed their minds about the boycott as it progressed. After the first week only 11 of those who initially boycotted had reported; at the time many had off-season jobs which they continued to work at, and those who did report were in many cases not certain of their futures with their teams. Meanwhile, the owners were being pressured by the television broadcasters, who would also lose money without games to broadcast, or if teams played games with largely unknown rookies—one NBC executive said his company "would not pay major league prices for minor league games".

After that first week, new commissioner Bowie Kuhn leaned on the owners to reach an agreement as well, and they soon sat down with the players again. By February 25 they had acceded to most of the players' demands: a higher contribution of approximately $5.45 million annually, an earlier age at which players could begin drawing pensions, a wider range of benefits and less playing time required for eligibility. By the end of the month, all players had reported to spring training.

Standings

American League

National League

Postseason

Main article: 1969 Major League Baseball postseason

The postseason began on October 4 and ended on October 16 with the New York Mets defeating the Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series in five games.

Bracket

Managerial changes

Off-season

In-season

League leaders

American League

National League

Regular season recap

The pennant races in the American League lacked drama. In the east, the Baltimore Orioles won 109 games and won the division by a whopping 19 games over the defending world champion Detroit Tigers. The surprise team was the "new" Washington Senators. Under new manager Ted Williams, they went 86–76; it was their first winning season since joining the league in 1961. The Western Division race was a little closer, but the Minnesota Twins led most of the season and were never really threatened in winning the division by 9 games over the Oakland Athletics (who were the only other west team to finish over .500). The National League, on the other hand, was very dramatic. The Chicago Cubs won 35 of their first 50 games, and on August 16, they led the New York Mets and St. Louis Cardinals by 9 games. But the Mets proceeded to win 37 of their last 48 games while the Cubs went 20–28 in the same time period and the Mets won the division by 8 games. In the West, with 3 weeks to play in the season, 5 teams were all within 2 games of each other. The Houston Astros were the first to drop out of the race, losing 8 of 10. With two weeks to play, the San Francisco Giants led the Los Angeles Dodgers and Atlanta Braves by ½ game while the Cincinnati Reds were 2 games back. The Dodgers then lost 8 in a row and 10 of 11 to fall to 4th place. The Braves then went on a 10-game winning streak, ultimately clinching the division over the Giants on the next to last day of the season with a 3–2 win over the Reds. For the Giants, it was the 5th year in a row they would finish in 2nd place.

Awards and honors

Regular season

Other awards

• Hutch Award: Al Kaline (DET)
• Sport Magazine's World Series Most Valuable Player Award: Donn Clendenon (NYM)

Monthly awards

Player of the Month

Main article: Major League Baseball Player of the Month Award

Baseball Hall of Fame

Main article: National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

• Roy Campanella
• Stan Coveleski
• Waite Hoyt
• Stan Musial

Home field attendance

Venues

The 1969 season saw four new teams across the major leagues, and with it, four new venues:

• The Kansas City Royals played at Municipal Stadium, where they would play for four seasons through . This was the former home of the American League's Kansas City Athletics.
• The Montreal Expos played at Jarry Park Stadium, a temporary home where they would play for eight seasons through .
• The San Diego Padres played at San Diego Stadium, where they would play for 35 seasons through .
• The Seattle Pilots played their only season at Sick's Stadium, the long-time home of the Pacific Coast League Seattle Rainiers/Angels, playing their last game on October 2 against the Oakland Athletics, relocating to Milwaukee, Wisconsin at Milwaukee County Stadium for the start of the season.

The Washington Senators' District of Columbia Stadium was announced to be renamed to Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium on January 18, in the last days of the Johnson Administration, Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall announced that the stadium would be renamed Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, in Kennedy's honor following his assassination in 1968. The dedication ceremony at the stadium was held several months later on June 7. The official renaming ceremony was held on June 7, but by then many had already been referring to it as "RFK Stadium" or simply "RFK".

In addition to their primary home at White Sox Park, the Chicago White Sox would continue to play at the former home of the Milwaukee Braves in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at Milwaukee County Stadium, playing 11 of 81 home games (one against every other American League team). Though accounting for only 14% of home games, these 11 games accounted for 34% of the all home games for the White Sox.

Television coverage

NBC was the exclusive national TV broadcaster of MLB, airing the weekend Game of the Week, the All-Star Game, both League Championship Series, and the World Series.

Retired numbers

• Mickey Mantle had his No. 7 retired by the New York Yankees on June 8. This was the fourth number retired by the team.
• Eddie Mathews had his No. 41 retired by the Atlanta Braves on July 26. This was the first number retired by the team.

References

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