1960 Pacific typhoon season

Seasonal summary

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AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1960 till:01/01/1961 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/01/1960

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PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:11 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:30/01/1960 till:01/02/1960 color:TD text:"Ivy" from:06/03/1960 till:08/03/1960 color:TD text:"Jean" from:21/04/1960 till:27/04/1960 color:C1 text:"Karen" from:25/05/1960 till:27/05/1960 color:TD text: barset:break barset:skip barset:skip barset:skip from:28/05/1960 till:02/06/1960 color:TS text:"Lucille" from:02/06/1960 till:12/06/1960 color:C1 text:"Mary" from:02/06/1960 till:11/06/1960 color:TS text:"Nadine" from:21/06/1960 till:01/07/1960 color:C4 text:"Olive" from:22/06/1960 till:27/06/1960 color:TD text:"TD" from:17/07/1960 till:28/07/1960 color:C4 text:"Polly" from:24/07/1960 till:29/07/1960 color:TS text:"Rose" from:27/07/1960 till:06/08/1960 color:C4 text:"Shirley" from:29/07/1960 till:03/08/1960 color:TD text:"TD" from:02/08/1960 till:13/08/1960 color:C4 text:"Trix" barset:break from:05/08/1960 till:07/08/1960 color:TD text:"TD" from:06/08/1960 till:09/08/1960 color:TS text:"Ten" from:07/08/1960 till:12/08/1960 color:C2 text:"Virginia" from:10/08/1960 till:13/08/1960 color:C1 text:"Wendy" from:10/08/1960 till:18/08/1960 color:TS text:"Agnes" from:13/08/1960 till:16/08/1960 color:TD text:"TD" from:15/08/1960 till:26/08/1960 color:C1 text:"Bess" from:15/08/1960 till:23/08/1960 color:C1 text:"Carmen" from:17/08/1960 till:30/08/1960 color:C2 text:"Della" from:18/08/1960 till:25/08/1960 color:C1 text:"Elaine" from:23/08/1960 till:31/08/1960 color:C4 text:"Faye" from:30/08/1960 till:04/09/1960 color:TS text:"Gloria" from:31/08/1960 till:01/09/1960 color:TS text:"Nineteen" barset:break from:04/09/1960 till:11/09/1960 color:TS text:"Hester" from:11/09/1960 till:19/09/1960 color:TS text:"Irma" from:15/09/1960 till:16/09/1960 color:TS text:"TD" from:22/09/1960 till:27/09/1960 color:TD text:"TD" from:23/09/1960 till:01/10/1960 color:C1 text:"Judy" from:28/09/1960 till:05/10/1960 color:TS text:"Unnamed" from:03/10/1960 till:13/10/1960 color:C2 text:"Kit" from:08/10/1960 till:17/10/1960 color:C1 text:"Lola" from:11/10/1960 till:20/10/1960 color:C4 text:"Mamie" from:20/10/1960 till:28/10/1960 color:C3 text:"Nina" from:08/11/1960 till:10/11/1960 color:TD text:"TD" from:25/11/1960 till:06/12/1960 color:C4 text:"Ophelia" from:11/12/1960 till:20/12/1960 color:C3 text:"Phyllis" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/01/1960 till:01/02/1960 text:January from:01/02/1960 till:01/03/1960 text:February from:01/03/1960 till:01/04/1960 text:March from:01/04/1960 till:01/05/1960 text:April from:01/05/1960 till:01/06/1960 text:May from:01/06/1960 till:01/07/1960 text:June from:01/07/1960 till:01/08/1960 text:July from:01/08/1960 till:01/09/1960 text:August from:01/09/1960 till:01/10/1960 text:September from:01/10/1960 till:01/11/1960 text:October from:01/11/1960 till:01/12/1960 text:November from:01/12/1960 till:01/01/1961 text:December

Systems

Tropical Depression Ivy

| 1-min winds = 30

Tropical Depression Jean

| 1-min winds = 25

Typhoon Karen

| 1-min winds = 75 An area of disturbed weather in the Philippine Sea moved westward and organized into a tropical depression on April 22. It moved northwestward through the Philippines, strengthening quickly to a typhoon on the 24th due to its small size. Karen turned to the northeast, and despite favorable conditions, rapidly weakened until dissipation on the 26th. Karen left 56 dead in the Philippines, left 7,000 homeless, and caused $2 million (1960 USD) in crop and property damage.

Tropical Storm Lucille

| 1-min winds = 45 Main article: Tropical Storm Lucille

Lucille was identified as a weak tropical depression on May 25 to the east of the Philippines. Tracking northwestward, the system failed to develop and warnings on it were discontinued on May 27. At the same time, a second system began organizing along the west coast of Luzon. The two systems ultimately merged into one over the Philippines between May 28 and 29. Now tracking northeastward, the system re-intensified and became a tropical storm on May 30. Lucille attained its peak intensity later that day with winds of 85 km/h. As it accelerated over open waters, the system brushed the islands of Iwo Jima and Chichi-jima before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on June 1. The remnants of Lucille were last noted on June 4 near the International Date Line.

Between May 27 and 29, heavy rains fell across much of Luzon as Lucille developed. These rains, amounting to 406 mm in the suburbs of Manila, triggered destructive floods that left some areas under 4.6 m of water. The worst of the floods took place during the overnight hours of May 28 to 29. During that time, hundreds of homes were swept away and an estimated 300–500 people, including at least 80 children, were killed. Monetary losses from the floods exceeded $2 million.

Typhoon Mary

| 1-min winds = 80 Main article: Typhoon Mary (1960)

A trough of low pressure spawned a tropical depression in the South China Sea on June 3 and moved slowly westward. Favorable conditions allowed it to quickly strengthen into Tropical Storm Mary, and after turning northward it attained typhoon status on the 7th. Mary continued to intensify to a 90 mi/h typhoon just before making landfall 20 mi west of Hong Kong on the 8th. After weakening while moving northeastward over China, the storm restrengthened over the Western Pacific to a typhoon on the 10th. It passed near Okinawa, weakened, and accelerated to the east until it became extratropical on the 13th.

Also known as Bloody Mary, the typhoon was the worst to hit Hong Kong in 23 years (since the worst typhoon on the record of Hong Kong hit on 2 September 1937). Its 14.12 in of rain, mudslides, and strong winds caused extreme damage across Hong Kong and southern China, leaving over 100 dead and over 18,000 homeless. The only positive aspect of the storm was its rainfall, which helped end a severe drought in the colony. An additional 1,600 people were killed following more landslides triggered by the remnants of the storm.

In addition to its impact in Hong Kong, Mary brought heavy rains and flooding in Taiwan, especially in the capital city of Taipei. Moderate crop damage was seen to the rice crop. Four fishermen drowned off the island's southern coast, but there were no fatalities on the island. Despite its effects, the name Mary was not retired.

Tropical Storm Nadine

| 1-min winds = 76 On June 3, Nadine formed as Tropical Depression Five, which later became a tropical storm. On June 5, Nadine appeared to have been intensifying, likely at a pressure of 990 hPa, with a ship reporting winds of around 83 km/h the same day. A P2V reconnaissance aircraft on June 6 reported winds of 116 km/h and 140 km/h, respectively. By June 9, the storm began to weaken, and by June 10, the final warning was issued, as it dissipated.

Typhoon Olive

| 1-min winds = 125 On June 23, a tropical depression developed to the east of the Philippines. It entered nearly ideal conditions as it moved to the west-northwest, and, just 42 hours after forming, reached peak intensity of 145 mi/h. Due to lack of inflow from the archipelago to its west, Olive weakened to a 125 mi/h typhoon at the time of its eastern Philippine landfall. It rapidly weakened while crossing to a tropical storm, but restrengthened into a typhoon in the South China Sea. It turned to the west, and struck southern China on June 29 as an 80 mi/h typhoon. Olive rapidly weakened over land and the northern Gulf of Tonkin and dissipated on July 1.

A storm surge of 6–8 feet flooded much of Manila, causing extensive property and transportation damage. Rains, amounting up to 203.2 mm triggered flooding and numerous landslides. About 80 percent of the crops in southeast Luzon were destroyed by the flooding, and 404 people were killed. At least 32,000 buildings were destroyed by the storm, resulting in $30 million in damages. In addition, nearly 60,000 people were left homeless in the period after the storm's passage. During rescue attempts, many coastal defense force ships were either sunk or ran aground due to 7.3 m swell produced by Olive.

China and Hong Kong received heavy rainfall from Olive, causing moderate crop damage, though there were no reported casualties there.

Typhoon Polly

| 1-min winds = 115

Tropical Storm Rose

| 1-min winds = 40 Rose was a short-lived storm that appeared on July 24. It quickly strengthened to a tropical storm. The storm was close to Japan, but didn't make landfall. The storm moved northeast and dissipated on July 21.

Typhoon Shirley

| 1-min winds = 135 On July 29, a tropical depression formed to the east of northern Luzon. Moving to the northwest, it encountered favorable conditions for development, and rapidly intensified to a 155 mi/h super typhoon just 48 hours after forming, with an eyewall only 7 mi wide. Shirley continued to the northwest, and struck northeastern Taiwan as a slightly weaker 140 mi/h typhoon on the July 31. The mountainous terrain ripped apart the typhoon's circulation, and after crossing the Taiwan Strait, it made landfall on southeastern China as a tropical storm. Shirley turned northward while moving inland, and dissipated on August 2. An unusual feature of the storm was the development of a secondary center while approaching Taiwan.

Shirley's 140 mi/h winds and torrential rains devastated Taiwan, overflowing many rivers and trapping thousands. Nearly a foot of rain was reported on the island, causing extensive road and property damage. Little crop damage occurred due to Typhoon Mary destroying much of it months before. In all, Typhoon Shirley caused 104 fatalities, destroyed or damaged 9,890 houses, and left 50,194 people homeless.

Typhoon Trix

| 1-min winds = 125 Just one week after Shirley hit Taiwan, Typhoon Trix, which weakened from a peak of 145 mi/h, hit the northeastern part of the island with winds of 100 mi/h. Trix left four more dead and brought more severe flooding to the typhoon-ravaged country.

JMA Tropical Storm Ten

| 10-min winds = 45

Typhoon Virginia

| 1-min winds = 85 Typhoon Virginia northwest of Guam on August 7. It moved northeast, and then turned northwest, strengthening to peak intensity of 155km/h (100mph). The storm struck Shikoku and Honshū island in Japan with winds of 90 mi/h. 4 inches of rain fell over most of southern Japan. 2 people were killed and one was injured.

Typhoon Wendy

| 1-min winds = 75 Main article: Typhoon Wendy (1960)

On August 10, a trough extending from Typhoon Virginia developed abnormal wind directions, prompting the JTWC and JMA to designate it a tropical depression. It quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Wendy west of Iwo Jima. Wendy intensified, becoming a typhoon south of Shikoku and peaking offshore. It made landfall on Shikoku, then southern Honshu, weakening over land. After briefly reemerging over the Sea of Japan, it made a final landfall on northern Honshu before the JTWC discontinued advisories and the JMA declared it extratropical.

Its development within Virginia's circulation was considered unusual. Wendy caused significant damage in Japan's Kinki and Chūbu regions from August 12-13, dropping heavy rain causing floods, landslides, bridge destruction, and inundating thousands of homes. The storm resulted in 28 deaths, 19 missing, and 154 injuries.

Tropical Storm Agnes

| 1-min winds = 50

Typhoon Bess

| 1-min winds = 65

Typhoon Carmen

| 1-min winds = 75

A sharp trough of low pressure organized into a tropical depression on August 16. It moved northward, quickly strengthening to an 85 mi/h typhoon. Carmen lost intensity as it continued to the north, and made landfall on South Korea as a 50 mi/h tropical storm on the 23rd. The storm brought 50 ft waves to the Korean peninsula, flooding coastal cities and sinking ships offshore. In all, Carmen caused 24 casualties and $2 million in damage (1960 USD).

Carmen is known for having the largest eye of any tropical cyclone in recorded history, tied with Typhoon Winnie in 1997. Radar data from Okinawa, Japan indicated that it was more than 200 mi across.

Typhoon Della

| 1-min winds = 95 The monsoon trough spawned a tropical storm in the open Western Pacific on August 20. Della moved to the northwest, strengthening to a typhoon on the 22nd before looping to the north-northwest. After peaking at 110 mi/h, Della weakened and hit southern Japan as a minimal typhoon. It accelerated to the northeast and became extratropical on the 31st. A landslide on Nishinomiya killed 38 road workers, while another 17 people were killed throughout the country from heavy flooding. Damages from the storm were estimated at $19 million.

Typhoon Elaine

| 1-min winds = 75 Elaine made an erratic track toward Taiwan, with a second landfall in Mainland China.

Typhoon Faye

| 1-min winds = 125

Tropical Depression Gloria

| 1-min winds = 45

JMA Tropical Storm Nineteen

Tropical Storm Hester

| 1-min winds = 40

Tropical Depression Irma

| 1-min winds = 40

Typhoon Judy

| 1-min winds = 80

Typhoon Kit

| 1-min winds = 90 A large circulation over the Western Pacific organized into a tropical depression on October 2. It moved westward, steadily strengthening to a peak of 100 mi/h. Kit made landfall on the eastern Philippines at that intensity on the 6th and quickly crossed the archipelago. It turned to the northwest over the South China Sea and struck eastern Hainan Island on the 11th. Kit turned to the southwest, and after weakening hit northeastern Vietnam as a minimal tropical storm on the 13th. Kit dissipated shortly thereafter.

Many small and large boats sank from Kit's 1000+ mile wide circulation, with 149 fishermen missing. In the Philippines, Kit's extensive rainfall caused severe damage to property and transportation damage. Especially damaged was the rice crop, which was affected during the rice harvesting season. In all, Kit caused 149 casualties (with 149 missing) and $3 million in damage. Extensive crop damage occurred as well in China.

Typhoon Lola

| 1-min winds = 80 Typhoon Lola hit the Philippines just days after Kit made landfall, resulting in an additional $15 million in damage, much of it to the rice crop. 58 people were killed from the flooding, and heavy damage occurred to highways and communication systems.

Typhoon Mamie

| 1-min winds = 115 Typhoon Mamie struck Iwo Jima with winds of 105 mi/h then passed to the southeast of Tokyo. No damage was reported.

Typhoon Nina

| 1-min winds = 110 Nina formed on October 20 west of Guam. It traveled north, reaching peak intensity of 110 knots wind and lowest central pressure of 950hPa. It passed Japan without making landfall before dissipating on October 28.

Typhoon Ophelia

| 1-min winds = 135 Main article: Typhoon Ophelia

The most unusual tropical cyclone of the year began its life on November 21 in the open Western Pacific. The depression drifted, first to the west, then to the southeast, then back to the west, varying between a tropical depression and an open trough of low pressure. After a northward turn, it strengthened into a tropical storm on the 27th and turned back to the southwest. Ophelia turned to a west drift, and under favorable conditions, intensified into a typhoon on the 29th. It continued to strengthen as it crossed over the Caroline Islands, and became a super typhoon on the 30th. A day later it reached a peak of 155 mi/h, but a northward turn weakened it to 150 mi/h. Ophelia remained a Category 4 typhoons until December 4, when it began accelerating to the northeast over unfavorable conditions. After weakening to a tropical storm on the 6th, Ophelia became extratropical over the Northern Pacific Ocean. As an extratropical storm, it persisted until dissipating south of Alaska on the 8th. Ophelia brought heavy rains to the Caroline Islands, killing 2 and injuring 4. Many of the islands were covered in up to 2 ft of water, and they experienced severe damage from Ophelia's strong winds. The name Ophelia was retired after this storm. Over the course of Ophelia's life, it traveled 5,000 miles.

Typhoon Phyllis

| 1-min winds = 105 Phyllis formed on December 11 east of the Philippines. It traveled west, reaching peak intensity as a category 3 typhoon east of Luzon, while turning sharply towards east. The storm dissipated on December 20, without making any landfall.

Other systems

The China Meteorological Administration also monitored a severe tropical storm and several other tropical depressions during the course of the season.

• June 22–27, 45 km/h 1000 mbar (hPa; 1000 mbar)
• July 29 – August 3, 55 km/h 995 mbar (hPa; 995 mbar)
• August 5–7, 45 km/h 997 mbar (hPa; 997 mbar)
• August 13–16, 55 km/h 996 mbar (hPa; 996 mbar)
• September 15–16, 45 km/h 998 mbar (hPa; 998 mbar)
• September 22–27, 45 km/h 998 mbar (hPa; 998 mbar)
• Unnamed Severe Tropical Storm: September 28 – October 5, 95 km/h 992 mbar (hPa; 992 mbar)
  • Storm crossed 100°E and entered the Northern Indian Ocean cyclone basin. This system ultimately developed into a very severe cyclonic storm, designated Cyclone 10B by the JTWC, with three-minute sustained winds of 120 km/h before striking East Pakistan (modern-day Bangladesh). There, the storm damaged or destroyed roughly 35,000 homes and killed an estimated 3,000 people.
• November 8–10, 45 km/h 1005 mbar (hPa; 1005 mbar)

Storm names

Since 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center unofficially named typhoons in the Western Pacific Basin. This followed the widespread practice of naming storms during World War II map discussions after girlfriends. Before 1979, all names assigned to storms were female.

Other storms

Typhoon Harriet lasted over from 1959, and dissipated on January 3.

Retirement

Following the 1960 season, Lucille and Ophelia's names were retired. The former was removed in light of the considerable loss of life in the Philippines; the latter was stricken due to its unusually long track. These were the first two names to ever be removed from the rotating naming list in the basin, though they were not replaced (although the names Lucy and Ora took their places in 1962 and 1963 respectively).

References

;Specific

; General

References

1. (1961). "Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Lucille". United States Navy.
2. (2013). ["1960 Lucille (1960146N08131)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive.
3. Longshore, p. 400
4. (May 29, 1960). "Typhoon Leaves 250 Dead, Lost In Philippines' Worst Floods". The Milwaukee Sentinel.
5. (May 30, 1960). "150 Dead In Flood". Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal.
6. Longshore, p. 71
7. "1960 Annual Typhoon Report".
8. Longshore, p. 253
9. "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 196012 (WENDY) - Disaster Information".
10. (1960-08-13). "Article clipped from Corpus Christi Caller-Times". Corpus Christi Caller-Times.
11. (22 May 2012). "It's Raining Fish and Spiders". Google Ebooks.
12. Jeff Masters. (July 10, 2015). "Category 3 Chan-hom: One of Shanghai's Strongest Typhoons on Record?". Weather Underground.
13. Longshore, p. 93
14. "Archived copy".
15. "Archived copy".
16. (2013). ["1960 Missing (1960175N13115)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive.
17. (2013). ["1960 Missing (1960211N15115)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive.
18. (2013). ["1960 Missing (1960218N18119)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive.
19. (2013). ["1960 Missing (1960226N20117)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive.
20. (2013). ["1960 Missing (1960260N14119)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive.
21. (2013). ["1960 Missing (1960267N18116)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive.
22. (2013). ["1960 10B (1960273N13117)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive.
23. (October 18, 1960). "Relief Teams Work to Help East Pakistan". The Spokesman-Review.
24. (2013). ["1960 Missing (1960313N10119)"]({{IBTRACS url). International Best Track Archive.
25. Landsea, Christopher W. (June 1, 2014). "Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division.
26. (December 4, 2014). "70th anniversary of women's names used for typhoons". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division.
27. (February 2012). "Summary of Retired Typhoons in the Western North Pacific Ocean". KeAi.
28. Xiaotu Lei and Xiao Zhou (Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration). (February 2012). "Summary of Retired Typhoons in the Western North Pacific Ocean". Tropical Cyclone Research and Review.