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1948 Chinese presidential election

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Field	Value
election_name	1948 Chinese presidential election
country	China
flag_year	1928
type	presidential
ongoing	no
previous_election	1923 Chinese presidential election
previous_year	1923
next_election	1954 Taiwanese presidential election
next_year	1954
image_size	150x150px
election_date	April 20, 1948
votes_for_election	All 3,045 votes of the National Assembly
needed_votes	1,523
image1	蔣中正總統玉照.png
nominee1	Chiang Kai-shek
party1	Kuomintang
electoral_vote1	2,430
percentage1	90.03%
image2	居正肖像照.jpg
nominee2	Ju Zheng
party2	Kuomintang
electoral_vote2	269
percentage2	9.97%
title	President
before_election	Chiang Kai-shek
(as Chairman of Nationalist government)
before_party	Kuomintang
after_election	Chiang Kai-shek
after_party	Kuomintang

(as Chairman of Nationalist government)

The 1948 Chinese presidential election was held on April 20, 1948, at the National Assembly House in Nanjing. The election was conducted by the National Assembly to elect the president and vice president of China. This was the first election under the newly adopted 1947 Constitution of the Republic of China, and the last prior to the retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan following their loss in the Civil War the following year.

This indirect election was held during the Chinese Civil War. Chiang Kai-shek, the incumbent leader of the Nationalist government, won a landslide victory against the same party candidate Ju Zheng in the presidential election. However, Sun Fo, Chiang's preferred vice-presidential candidate, was defeated by General Li Zongren in the vice-presidential elections.

Chiang and Li were inaugurated at the Presidential Palace in Nanjing on May 20, 1948. This also marked the transition of Nationalist government to the constitutional government.

Overview

After the Northern Expedition, the Kuomintang-led Nationalist government acquired control of a unified China nominally. The party began to draft a constitution to transit the government from tutelage period to constitutional period, according to the political philosophy of Sun Yat-sen.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, China established a close partnership with the United States and was given military and financial supports. George Marshall was appointed ambassador to Chongqing, the wartime capital, as to broker a negotiation between the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) and Communist Party after the war. Two parties agreed to rebuild the country with democratization and military nationalization.

Simultaneously, the Nationalist government continued to draft the Constitution of the Republic of China, however it was boycotted by the Communists and the full-scale Chinese Civil War was resumed.

Electors

Main article: National Assembly (Republic of China), 1947 Chinese National Assembly election

The election was conducted by the National Assembly in its meeting place National Assembly House in Nanjing. There were 2,961 delegates elected during the 1947 Chinese National Assembly election for the 3,045 seats. In total, there were 2,859 delegates reported to the secretariat to attend this first session of the first National Assembly.

The election regulations had a 50% requirement for the president and vice president to be elected. Since there were 3,045 seats in the National Assembly, the candidates needed to obtain 1,523 votes to be elected. This requirement could be relieved if no candidate passed this threshold in the first three rounds of voting.

Results

President

Vice-President

Inaugural address by President Chiang Kai-shek

Party	Candidate	First round	Second round	Third round	Fourth round	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%
Kuomintang}}		Li Zongren	Kuomintang	754	27.30	1,163	42.69	1,156	42.64	1,438	52.62
Kuomintang}}		Sun Fo	Kuomintang	559	20.24	945	34.69	1,040	38.36	1,295	47.38
Kuomintang}}		Cheng Qian	Kuomintang	522	18.90	616	22.61	515	19.00
Kuomintang}}		Yu Youren	Kuomintang	493	17.85
Non-partisan}}		Mo Teh-hui	Independent	218	7.89
	Xu Fulin	China Democratic Socialist Party	216	7.82
Total	2,762	100.00	2,724	100.00	2,711	100.00	2,733	100.00

Previous and next elections

There were some regime changes in China during the first half of the 20th century. Depending on the definition, possible previous and next elections for the leader of China are listed below.

Order	Election	Political entity	Title (term)	Electoral college
Previous	[1923 Chinese presidential election](1923-chinese-presidential-election)	China Republic of China (1912–1949)	President the Republic of China (3rd)	National Assembly ([1st](1912-chinese-national-assembly-election), Beiyang government)
1943 Chinese chairmanship election	China Republic of China (1912–1949)	Chairman of the Nationalist government (4th)	Central Committee of Kuomintang
Next	1949 Chinese chairmanship election	China People's Republic of China	Chairman of the Central People's Government	Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
[1954 Chinese presidential election](1954-taiwanese-presidential-election)	Taiwan Republic of China (on Taiwan)	President the Republic of China (2nd)	National Assembly ([1st](1947-chinese-national-assembly-election), Constitutional government)

References

"Chiang Kai-Shek (1st-5th terms)".
[https://lis.ly.gov.tw/nacgi/ttsweb?@2:1586300983:3:1:2@@7185B9A9E34357E27983 第一屆國民大會第一次會議實錄]
Christian Schafferer (2003) ''The Power of the Ballot Box: Political Development and Election Campaigning in Taiwan''

Info: Wikipedia Source

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presidential-elections-in-the-republic-of-china-(1912–1949) 1948-in-china 1948-elections-in-asia

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