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1946 Philippine presidential election

3rd election of Philippine president

3rd election of Philippine president

FieldValue
election_name1946 Philippine presidential election
countryPhilippines
flag_year1936
typepresidential
ongoingno
previous_election1943 Philippine presidential election
previous_year1943
next_election1949 Philippine presidential election
next_year1949
election_dateApril 23, 1946
image_size200x200px
image1Manuel Roxas (cropped).jpg
nominee1**Manuel Roxas**
party1Nacionalista Party (Liberal wing)
running_mate1**Elpidio Quirino**
popular_vote1**1,333,392**
percentage1**53.94%**
image2Sergio Osmena photo.jpg
nominee2Sergio Osmeña
party2Nacionalista Party
running_mate2Eulogio Rodriguez
popular_vote21,129,996
percentage245.71%
map_image1946 Philippine presidential election results per province.png
map_size300px
titlePresident
before_electionSergio Osmeña
before_partyNacionalista Party
after_electionManuel Roxas
after_partyNacionalista Party (Liberal wing)
module{{Infobox election
embedyes
election_name1946 Philippine vice presidential election
countryPhilippines
flag_year1946
typepresidential
ongoingno
previous_election1941 Philippine presidential election
previous_year1941
election_dateApril 23, 1946
next_election1949 Philippine presidential election
next_year1949
image_size200x200px
image1File:Elpidio R Quirino.jpg
candidate1**Elpidio Quirino**
party1Liberal Party (Philippines)
popular_vote1**1,161,725 **
percentage1**52.36%**
image2File:Senate President Eulogio Rodriguez Sr.jpg
candidate2Eulogio Rodriguez
party2Nacionalista Party
popular_vote21,051,243
percentage247.38%
titleVice President
before_electionVacant (Sergio Osmeña in previous election)
after_electionElpidio Quirino
after_partyLiberal Party (Philippines)

The 1946 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on April 23, 1946, according to Commonwealth Act No. 725. Incumbent president Sergio Osmeña ran for a full term but was defeated by Senator Manuel Roxas. Meanwhile, Senator Elpidio Quirino defeated fellow Senator Eulogio Rodriguez to become vice president.

Background

Due to the Commonwealth of the Philippines government being driven into exile by World War II, the supposed midterm election in November 1943 and the general election in November 1945 were not held as scheduled. Soon after the reconstitution of the Commonwealth government in 1945, Senators Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino, and their allies called for an early national election to choose the president and vice president of the Philippines, as well as the members of Congress. In December 1945, the House Insular Affairs Committee of the United States Congress approved the joint resolution, setting the election date by April 30, 1946.

Prompted by this congressional action, President Sergio Osmeña called the Philippine Congress to a three-day special session. Congress enacted Commonwealth Act No. 725, setting the election date on April 23, 1946. President Osmeña signed the act on January 5, 1946.

Candidates

Three parties presented their respective candidates for the different national elective positions. These were the Nacionalista Party, the Conservative (Osmeña) Wing, the Liberal Wing of the Nacionalista Party, and the Partido Modernista. The Nacionalistas had Osmeña and Senator Eulogio Rodriguez as their candidates for President and vice president, respectively. The Modernistas chose Hilario Camino Moncado and Luis Salvador for the same positions. On the other hand, the standard bearers of the Liberals were Senators Manuel Roxas and Elpidio Quirino.

On January 3, 1946, President Osmeña announced his candidacy for President. On January 22, 1946, Eulogio Rodriguez was nominated as Osmeña's running mate for Vice President in a convention held at Ciro's Club in Manila. According to the Manila Chronicle:The convention opened at 10:15 in the morning when the acting secretary of the party, Vicente Farmoso, called the confab to order.

Congressman Jose C. Romero, who delivered the keynote speech, accused Senate President Manuel Roxas and his followers *of fanning the flames of discontent among the people, capitalizing on the people's hardship, and minimizing the accomplishment of the [Osmeña] Administration. These men with the Messiah complex have been the country's and world's bane. This is the mentality that produces Hitlers and Mussolinis, and in their desire to climb to power, they even want to destroy the party which placed them where they are today.*
Senator Carlos P. Garcia, who delivered the nomination speech for President Sergio Osmeña, recited Osmeña's achievements and virtues as a public official and private citizen.
Entering the convention hall at about 7:30 p.m., President Osmeña, accompanied by the committee on notification, was greeted with cheer and applause as he ascended the platform. President Osmeña delivered his speech, a general outline of his plans once elected. He emphasized that as far as his party is concerned, independence is a close issue. It was coming on July 4, 1946.

On January 19, 1946, Senator Roxas announced his candidacy for President in a convention held in Santa Ana Cabaret in Makati, Rizal. According to the Manila Chronicle:

...more than three thousand (by conservative estimates, there were only 1,000 plus) delegates, party members, and hero worshipers jammed into suburban, well-known Santa Ana Cabaret (biggest in the world) to acclaim ex-katipunero and Bagong Katipunan organizer Manuel Acuña Roxas as the guidon bearer of the Nacionalista Party's Liberal Wing.

The delegates from all over the Islands met in a formal convention from 10:50 a.m. and broke up at about 5:30 p.m. They elected 1. Mariano J. Cuenco, professional Osmeñaphobe, as temporary chairman; 2. Jose Avelino and ex-pharmacist Antonio Zacarias, permanent chairman and secretary, respectively; 3. nominated forty-four candidates for senators; 4. heard the generalissimo himself deliver an oratorical masterpiece consisting of 50 per cent attacks against the (Osmeña) Administration, 50 per cent promises, pledges. Rabid Roxasites greeted the Roxas acceptance speech with hysterical applause.

President Osmeña tried to prevent the split in the Nacionalista Party by offering Senator Roxas the position of Philippine Regent Commissioner to the United States, but the latter turned down the offer.

As a result of the split among the members of the Nacionalista Party, owing to marked differences of opinion on specific vital issues of which no settlement had been reached, a new political organization was born and named the Liberal Wing of the Nacionalista Party, which would later become the Liberal Party.

Results

The election was generally peaceful and orderly except in some places where passions ran high, especially in Pampanga. According to the "controversial" decision of the Electoral Tribunal of the House of Representatives on Meliton Soliman vs. Luis Taruc, Pampanga "was under the terroristic clutches and control of the Hukbalahaps. So terrorized were the people of Arayat were terrorized; at one time, 200 persons abandoned their homes, work, food, and belongings in a mass evacuation to the Poblacion due to fear and terror."

A total of 2,596,880 voters went to the polls to elect their President and Vice President, who was to be the Commonwealth's last and the Republic's first. President Osmena chose not to actively campaign, saying the Filipinos knew his record of 40 years of loyal service to the country.

Four days after election day, the Liberal candidates were proclaimed victors. Roxas registered a majority of votes in 34 provinces and nine cities: Abra, Agusan, Albay, Antique, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Capiz, Cavite, Cotabato, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, La Union, Leyte, Marinduque, Mindoro, Misamis Oriental, Negros Occidental, Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan, Pangasinan, Rizal, Romblon, Samar, Sorsogon, Sulu, Surigao, Tayabas, Zambales, Manila, Quezon City, Bacolod (Negros Occidental), Iloilo City (Iloilo), Baguio (Mountain Province), Zamboanga City (Zamboanga), Tagaytay (Cavite), Cavite City (Cavite) and San Pablo City (Laguna).

Likewise, the Liberal Party won nine out of 16 contested senatorial seats.

In the House of Representatives, the Liberals achieved a majority with 50 seats won, while the Nacionalistas and the Democratic Alliance were only victorious in 33 and six seats, respectively.

President

Summary

By province/city

Province/CityRoxasOsmeñaMoncadoLiberal Party (Philippines)}}"Nacionalista Party}}"Independent}}"Votes%Votes%Votes%
AbraLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**6,760**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**63.83**3,81336.00180.17
AgusanLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**9,354**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**50.29**9,21949.57260.14
AlbayLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**25,940**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**51.57**24,34448.40130.03
AntiqueLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**18,271**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**58.48**12,95241.46190.06
BataanLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**9,468**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**53.25**8,30946.7340.02
BatanesLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**1,326**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**64.65**70534.37200.98
BatangasLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**56,410**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**70.02**24,11829.94370.05
Bohol30,59242.98Nacionalista Party}};"**40,285**Nacionalista Party}};"**56.59**3080.43
BukidnonLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**3,011**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**53.65**2,45143.671502.67
BulacanLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**39,799**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**50.77**38,54949.18380.05
Cagayan15,51437.40Nacionalista Party}};"**25,605**Nacionalista Party}};"**61.72**3650.88
Camarines NorteLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**10,471**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**65.62**5,48234.3540.03
Camarines SurLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**33,267**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**57.85**24,21442.11210.04
CapizLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**41,844**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**69.72**18,16130.26140.02
Catanduanes5,47738.63Nacionalista Party}};"**8,698**Nacionalista Party}};"**61.34**40.03
CaviteLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**38,111**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**77.26**11,19622.70190.04
Cebu53,84835.12Nacionalista Party}};"**98,700**Nacionalista Party}};"**64.37**7920.52
CotabatoLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**17,826**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**51.85**16,49047.96660.19
Culion Leper Colony4710.06Nacionalista Party}};"**420**Nacionalista Party}};"**89.94**00.00
Davao11,89636.43Nacionalista Party}};"**19,226**Nacionalista Party}};"**58.87**1,5364.70
Ilocos NorteLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**25,464**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**67.36**12,09732.002430.64
Ilocos SurLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**30,322**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**64.67**16,53035.26340.07
IloiloLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**79,136**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**64.50**43,52235.48250.02
IsabelaLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**17,431**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**64.35**9,22034.044371.61
La UnionLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**22,499**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**60.00**14,84539.591570.42
LagunaLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**36,527**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**62.12**22,24637.83260.04
Lanao17,21231.12Nacionalista Party}};"**37,101**Nacionalista Party}};"**67.09**9911.79
LeyteLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**64,236**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**56.17**49,96543.691550.14
ManilaLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**82,457**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**72.24**31,51327.611720.15
MarinduqueLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**10,596**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**80.94**2,48719.0080.06
Masbate9,73044.30Nacionalista Party}};"**12,207**Nacionalista Party}};"**55.58**270.12
MindoroLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**14,025**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**60.27**9,24039.7160.03
Misamis Occidental11,16539.96Nacionalista Party}};"**15,926**Nacionalista Party}};"**57.00**8483.04
Misamis OrientalLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**14,307**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**52.61**12,73746.831530.56
Mountain Province8,49041.77Nacionalista Party}};"**11,369**Nacionalista Party}};"**55.93**4682.30
Negros OccidentalLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**62,605**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**54.14**52,98245.81580.05
Negros Oriental13,26233.98Nacionalista Party}};"**25,594**Nacionalista Party}};"**65.58**1710.44
Nueva Ecija29,47841.45Nacionalista Party}};"**41,616**Nacionalista Party}};"**58.51**280.04
Nueva VizcayaLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**7,458**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**67.00**3,66432.9290.08
PalawanLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**6,317**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**54.99**5,16444.9570.06
Pampanga11,29613.97Nacionalista Party}};"**69,505**Nacionalista Party}};"**85.98**420.05
PangasinanLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**82,081**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**55.86**64,79444.10560.04
RizalLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**60,103**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**62.85**35,41837.041010.11
RomblonLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**9,200**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**72.00**3,56027.86170.13
SamarLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**37,553**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**54.88**30,79345.00820.12
SorsogonLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**20,715**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**54.16**17,52845.8360.02
Sulu6,83342.53Nacionalista Party}};"**9,228**Nacionalista Party}};"**57.43**60.04
SurigaoLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**15,053**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**53.89**12,79545.81850.30
Tarlac16,86839.14Nacionalista Party}};"**26,193**Nacionalista Party}};"**60.77**390.09
TayabasLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**50,224**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**82.07**10,95417.90160.03
ZambalesLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**15,811**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**69.71**6,85330.22160.07
Zamboanga15,70643.98Nacionalista Party}};"**19,413**Nacionalista Party}};"**54.36**5951.67
TotalLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"1,333,392Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"53.941,129,99645.718,5380.35
Source: Bureau of the Census and Statistics

Vice-President

Summary

By province/city

Province/CityQuirinoRodriguezSalvadorLiberal Party (Philippines)}}"Nacionalista Party}}"Independent}}"Votes%Votes%Votes%
AbraLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**6,894**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**68.99**3,09230.9470.07
AgusanLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**8,540**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**51.19**8,13148.74110.07
AlbayLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**23,445**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**51.92**21,69648.05120.03
AntiqueLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**16,749**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**58.10**12,02641.71550.19
Bataan6,42443.74Nacionalista Party}};"**8,245**Nacionalista Party}};"**56.14**170.12
BatanesLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**1,466**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**86.59**22113.0560.35
BatangasLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**32,185**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**59.06**22,19540.731110.20
Bohol26,29043.27Nacionalista Party}};"**34,296**Nacionalista Party}};"**56.45**1670.27
BukidnonLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**2,899**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**56.44**2,13841.63991.93
Bulacan29,27742.92Nacionalista Party}};"**38,881**Nacionalista Party}};"**57.00**500.07
CagayanLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**21,826**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**55.55**17,22643.842380.61
Camarines NorteLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**10,013**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**67.15**4,89432.8240.03
Camarines SurLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**31,282**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**57.55**23,05242.41240.04
CapizLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**36,845**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**67.79**17,49432.19110.02
Catanduanes5,16437.39Nacionalista Party}};"**8,645**Nacionalista Party}};"**62.59**40.03
CaviteLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**22,688**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**55.88**17,88244.05280.07
Cebu50,49535.24Nacionalista Party}};"**92,253**Nacionalista Party}};"**64.39**5240.37
CotabatoLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**17,366**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**59.57**11,71840.20680.23
Culion Leper Colony10023.26Nacionalista Party}};"**329**Nacionalista Party}};"**76.51**10.23
Davao12,01539.09Nacionalista Party}};"**17,629**Nacionalista Party}};"**57.36**1,0903.55
Ilocos NorteLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**26,727**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**73.21**9,67226.491090.30
Ilocos SurLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**36,158**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**79.24**9,46020.73120.03
IloiloLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**68,520**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**62.92**40,34337.04420.04
IsabelaLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**19,800**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**76.76**5,78622.432080.81
La UnionLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**29,126**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**80.70**6,86019.011040.29
Laguna17,72436.69Nacionalista Party}};"**30,552**Nacionalista Party}};"**63.25**260.05
Lanao12,63831.58Nacionalista Party}};"**26,787**Nacionalista Party}};"**66.94**5941.48
LeyteLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**55,873**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**55.99**43,77643.871390.14
ManilaLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**67,228**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**60.80**43,19739.071390.13
MarinduqueLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**6,405**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**60.35**4,18139.40270.25
Masbate8,37845.35Nacionalista Party}};"**10,066**Nacionalista Party}};"**54.48**320.17
MindoroLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**12,370**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**62.47**7,42337.4970.04
Misamis Occidental8,83536.49Nacionalista Party}};"**15,046**Nacionalista Party}};"**62.14**3341.38
Misamis OrientalLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**12,245**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**54.30**10,17245.111320.59
Mountain ProvinceLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**11,340**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**62.68**6,53036.102211.22
Negros OccidentalLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**56,527**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**54.56**47,01145.38630.06
Negros Oriental11,86933.96Nacionalista Party}};"**23,000**Nacionalista Party}};"**65.80**830.24
Nueva Ecija27,94941.91Nacionalista Party}};"**38,690**Nacionalista Party}};"**58.02**460.07
Nueva VizcayaLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**7,095**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**66.92**3,48632.88210.20
PalawanLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**6,219**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**56.97**4,69142.9770.06
Pampanga9,29112.56Nacionalista Party}};"**64,566**Nacionalista Party}};"**87.28**1190.16
PangasinanLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**84,775**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**59.86**56,80640.11450.03
Rizal35,51239.26Nacionalista Party}};"**54,896**Nacionalista Party}};"**60.69**500.06
RomblonLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**7,482**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**70.81**3,06028.96240.23
SamarLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**34,920**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**57.58**25,58642.191400.23
SorsogonLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**19,455**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**54.89**15,98045.08100.03
Sulu5,95343.78Nacionalista Party}};"**7,640**Nacionalista Party}};"**56.18**50.04
SurigaoLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**13,800**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**53.86**11,76845.93560.22
Tarlac17,52343.39Nacionalista Party}};"**22,813**Nacionalista Party}};"**56.49**500.12
TayabasLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**39,338**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**71.09**15,96628.85350.06
ZambalesLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"**15,370**Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"**75.58**4,92824.23390.19
Zamboanga13,31741.34Nacionalista Party}};"**18,462**Nacionalista Party}};"**57.31**4331.34
TotalLiberal Party (Philippines)}};"1,161,725Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"52.361,051,24347.385,8790.26
Source: Bureau of the Census and Statistics

References

References

  1. Celso G. Cabrera. "Rodriguez is Nominated as Osmeña's Running-Mate," ''Manila Chronicle'', January 22, 1946, p. 2
  2. "Conventions Climax Hectic Week," ''Manila Chronicle This week'', January 27, 1946, p. 3
  3. (1946). "Bulletin of Philippine Statistics No. 1". Bureau of Printing.
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