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1936 Finnish parliamentary election

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Field	Value
country	Finland
flag_year	state-1920
type	parliamentary
previous_election	1933 Finnish parliamentary election
previous_year	1933
next_election	1939 Finnish parliamentary election
next_year	1939
seats_for_election	All 200 seats in the Parliament of Finland
majority_seats	101
election_date	1–2 July 1936
image_size	130x130px
image1	Kaarlo Harvala 1927.jpg
leader1	Kaarlo Harvala
party1	Social Democratic Party of Finland
last_election1	37.33%, 78 seats
seats1	83
popular_vote1	452,751
percentage1	38.59%
seat_change1	5
swing1	1.26pp
image2	Pekka Ville Heikkinen, 1958 (cropped).jpg
leader2	Pekka Heikkinen
party2	Agrarian League (Finland)
last_election2	22.54%, 53 seats
seats2	53
popular_vote2	262,917
percentage2	22.41%
seat_change2
swing2	0.13pp
image3	Sisäministeri Ernst_von Born 30.3.1940 (cropped).jpg
leader3	Ernst von Born
party3	Swedish People's Party of Finland
last_election3	10.42%, 21 seats
seats3	21
seat_change3
popular_vote3	131,440
percentage3	11.20%
swing3	0.78pp
image4	J.K. Paasikivi 1945 portrait (cropped).jpg
leader4	Juho Kusti Paasikivi
party4	National Coalition Party
last_election4	16.93%, 32 seats
seats4	20
popular_vote4	121,619
percentage4	10.36%
seat_change4	12
swing4	6.57pp
image5	File:Vilho Annala portrait (cropped).jpg
leader5	Vilho Annala
party5	IKL
last_election5	Alliance with National Coalition
seats5	14
popular_vote5	97,891
percentage5	8.34%
seat_change5	–
swing5	–
image6	Aimo Cajander in 1939 (cropped).jpg
leader6	Aimo Cajander
party6	National Progressive Party (Finland)
last_election6	7.41%, 11 seats
seats6	7
popular_vote6	73,654
percentage6	6.28%
seat_change6	4
swing6	1.13pp
image7	3x4.svg
party7	Small Farmers'
last_election7	3.39%, 3 seats
seats7	1
seat_change7	2
popular_vote7	23,159
percentage7	1.97%
swing7	1.42pp
image8	3x4.svg
party8	People's
last_election8	0.85%, 2 seats
seats8	1
seat_change8	1
popular_vote8	7,449
percentage8	0.63
swing8	0.22pp
before_election	Toivo Mikael Kivimäki
title	Prime Minister
before_party	National Progressive Party (Finland)
posttitle	Prime Minister after election
after_election	Toivo Mikael Kivimäki
after_party	National Progressive Party (Finland)

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 1 and 2 July 1936. Following the election Prime Minister Toivo Mikael Kivimäki of the National Progressive Party was defeated in a confidence vote in September 1936 and resigned in October. Kyösti Kallio of the Agrarian League formed a centrist minority government after Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (National Coalition Party) refused to allow the Social Democrats to join the government. After Svinhufvud's defeat in the February 1937 presidential election, Kallio took office as the new President in March 1937, and he allowed the Social Democrats, Agrarians and Progressives to form the first centre-left or "red soil" ("red" for the Social Democrats and "soil" for the Agrarians) Finnish government. Aimo Cajander (Progressive) became Prime Minister, although the real strong men of the government were Finance Minister Väinö Tanner (Social Democrat) and Defence Minister Juho Niukkanen (Agrarian).

Background

Finland had clearly recovered from the Great Depression since 1933, and unemployment had been almost eliminated. Prime Minister Kivimäki wanted to continue in office and to broaden his narrow right-wing minority government. The new Finnish economic prosperity, and the growing contacts between leading Agrarians and Social Democrats, made alternatives emerge for the Kivimäki government. For the first time in the history of independent Finland, an Agrarian-Social Democratic government began to be seriously discussed and planned. Despite its noisy and vigorous activity, the far-right Patriotic People's Movement remained small. Under the leadership of Juho Kusti Paasikivi, the National Coalitioners moved towards the political centre, and rejected calls for a new electoral alliance with the Patriotic People's Movement. The election results showed that the Finnish political democracy and its two leading moderate parties, the Social Democrats and Agrarians, had been strengthened. The Depression-based fringe parties, the Small Farmers' Party of Finland and the People's Party, lost most of their seats, while the Patriotic People's Movement remained at fourteen deputies, and the moderate right (National Coalitioners) gained two seats. The divided Progressives (Prime Minister Kivimäki led their right wing, and Professor Cajander led their left wing) lost four seats.

Results

References

[[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p606 {{ISBN. 978-3-8329-5609-7
Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History / Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen, Helsinki: WSOY, 2003
Sakari Virkkunen, Finland's Presidents I / Suomen presidentit I, Helsinki: WSOY, 1994
Tiedosto "[https://web.archive.org/web/20071002064254/http://pxweb2.stat.fi/sahkoiset_julkaisut/vuosikirja2004_suppea/excel/vaali_02.xls 595. Eduskuntavaalit 1927–2003] (Tilastokeskus 2004)
Suomen virallinen tilasto 29 A, XVII.

Info: Wikipedia Source

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