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1934 United States Senate elections

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FieldValue
election_name1934 United States Senate elections
countryUnited States
flag_year1912
typelegislative
ongoingno
previous_election1932 United States Senate elections
previous_year1932
next_election1936 United States Senate elections
next_year1936
seats_for_election36 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
majority_seats49
election_dateNovember 6, 1934
previous_seat_election1928 United States Senate elections
previous_seat_year1928
next_seat_election1940 United States Senate elections
next_seat_year1940
seat_classClass 1
image_size160x180px
1blankSeats up
2blankRaces won
party1Democratic Party (United States)
image1Joseph T. Robinson cropped.jpg
leader1Joseph Robinson
leader_since1December 3, 1923
leaders_seat1Arkansas
seats_before1**60**
seats_after1**69**
seat_change19
1data117
2data1**26**
party2Republican Party (United States)
image2Charles Linza McNary cph.3b18950 (cropped 3x4).jpg
leader2Charles McNary
leader_since2March 4, 1933
leaders_seat2Oregon
seats_before235
seats_after225
seat_change210
1data2**18**
2data28
party4Farmer–Labor Party
seats_before41
seats_after41
seat_change4
1data41
2data41
party5Wisconsin Progressive Party
seats_before50
seats_after51
seat_change51
1data50
2data51
map_image
map_size320px
map_caption**Results of the elections:**
titleMajority Leader
before_electionJoseph Robinson
before_partyDemocratic Party (US)
after_electionJoseph Robinson
after_partyDemocratic Party (US)

The 1934 United States Senate elections were held in the middle of Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term. The 32 seats of Class 1 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. During the Great Depression, voters strongly backed Roosevelt's New Deal and his allies in the Senate, with Democrats picking up a net of nine seats, giving them a supermajority (which required 64 seats, two-thirds of the total 96 seats in 1934). Republicans later lost three more seats due to mid-term vacancies (one to Farmer-Labor and two to Democrats); however, a Democrat in Iowa died and the seat remained vacant until the next election. The Democrats entered the next election with a 70-22-2-1 majority.

This marked the first time that an incumbent president's party gained seats in both houses of Congress in midterm election cycles, followed by 1998 and 2002. This was also the second of three times since the ratification of the 17th Amendment that the opposition party failed to flip any Senate seats, alongside 1914 and 2022.

A number of historic figures were first elected to the Senate in 1934, including future President Truman, future Federal District Judge and Labor Secretary Schwellenbach, and future Supreme Court Justice Minton.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Two Democrats and one Republican retired instead of seeking re-election.

StateSenatorReplaced byMarylandNebraska (special)NebraskaWashington

Defeats

Eight Republicans and two Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

StateSenatorReplaced byConnecticutIndianaMississippiMissouriMontana (special)New JerseyOhioPennsylvaniaRhode IslandWest Virginia

Party Switches

One Republican won re-election as a Progressive.

StateSenatorReplaced byWisconsin

Post-election changes

StateSenatorReplaced byNew MexicoFlorida (class 1)Florida (class 1)Florida (class 3)Florida (class 3)LouisianaMichiganMinnesota

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1934.

RRRRRRRR

Elections result

RRRRRRRR
RRepublican

|}

Race summaries

Elections during the 73rd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1934; ordered by election date then by state.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidatesSenatorPartyElectoral historyVermont
(Class 3)Montana
(Class 2)Nebraska
(Class 1)New Mexico
(Class 2)Tennessee
(Class 2)Wyoming
(Class 1)
Ernest W. GibsonRepublican1933 (Appointed)Interim appointee elected **January 16, 1934**.nowrap{{Plainlist
John E. EricksonDemocratic1933 (Appointed)Interim appointee lost nomination.
New senator elected **November 6, 1934**.
Democratic hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
William H. ThompsonDemocratic1933 (Appointed)Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected **November 6, 1934**.
Democratic hold.
Winner was not elected to the next term, see below.nowrap{{Plainlist
Carl HatchDemocratic1933 (Appointed)Interim appointee elected **November 6, 1934**.nowrap{{Plainlist
Nathan L. BachmanDemocratic1933 (Appointed)Interim appointee elected **November 6, 1934**.nowrap{{Plainlist
Joseph C. O'MahoneyDemocratic1933 (Appointed)Interim appointee [elected](1934-united-states-senate-elections-in-wyoming) **November 6, 1934**.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.nowrap{{Plainlist

Elections leading to the 74th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1935; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidatesSenatorPartyElectoral historyArizonaCaliforniaConnecticutDelawareFloridaIndianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth DakotaOhioPennsylvaniaRhode IslandTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming
Henry F. AshurstDemocratic[1912](1912-united-states-senate-elections-in-arizona)
[1916](1916-united-states-senate-election-in-arizona)
[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-arizona)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-arizona)Incumbent [re-elected](1934-united-states-senate-election-in-arizona).nowrap{{Plainlist
Hiram JohnsonRepublican[1916](1916-united-states-senate-election-in-california)
[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-california)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-california)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Frederic C. WalcottRepublican[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-connecticut)Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
**Democratic gain**.nowrap{{Plainlist
John G. Townsend Jr.Republican[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-delaware)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Park TrammellDemocratic[1916](1916-united-states-senate-election-in-florida)
[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-florida)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-florida)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Arthur Raymond RobinsonRepublican1925 (Appointed)
[1926 (special)](1926-united-states-senate-special-election-in-indiana)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-indiana)Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
**Democratic gain**.nowrap{{Plainlist
Frederick HaleRepublican[1916](1916-united-states-senate-election-in-maine)
[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-maine)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-maine)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Phillips Lee GoldsboroughRepublican[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-maryland)Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Maryland.
New senator elected.
**Democratic gain**.nowrap{{Plainlist
David I. WalshDemocratic[1926 (special)](1926-united-states-senate-special-election-in-massachusetts)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-massachusetts)Incumbent [re-elected](1934-united-states-senate-election-in-massachusetts).nowrap{{Plainlist
Arthur VandenbergRepublican1928 (Appointed)
[1928 (special)](1928-united-states-senate-special-election-in-michigan)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-michigan)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Henrik ShipsteadFarmer–Labor[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-minnesota)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-minnesota)Incumbent [re-elected](1934-united-states-senate-election-in-minnesota).nowrap{{Plainlist
Hubert D. StephensDemocratic[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-mississippi)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-mississippi)Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
Roscoe C. PattersonRepublican[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-missouri)Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator [elected](1934-united-states-senate-election-in-missouri).
**Democratic gain**.nowrap{{Plainlist
Burton K. WheelerDemocratic[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-montana)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-montana)Incumbent [re-elected](1934-united-states-senate-election-in-montana).nowrap{{Plainlist
William H. ThompsonDemocratic1933 (Appointed)Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Winner was not elected to finish the current term; see above.nowrap{{Plainlist
Key PittmanDemocratic[1913 (special)](1913-united-states-senate-special-election-in-nevada)
[1916](1916-united-states-senate-election-in-nevada)
[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-nevada)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-nevada)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Hamilton F. KeanRepublican[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-new-jersey)Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
**Democratic gain**.nowrap{{Plainlist
Bronson M. CuttingRepublican1927 (Appointed)
1928 (Retired)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-new-mexico)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Royal S. CopelandDemocratic[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-new-york)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-new-york)Incumbent [re-elected](1934-united-states-senate-election-in-new-york).nowrap{{Plainlist
Lynn FrazierRepublican[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-north-dakota)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-north-dakota)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Simeon D. FessRepublican[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-ohio)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-ohio)Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
**Democratic gain**.nowrap{{Plainlist
David A. ReedRepublican1922 (Appointed)
[1922 (special)](1922-united-states-senate-special-election-in-pennsylvania)
[1922](1922-united-states-senate-elections-in-pennsylvania)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-pennsylvania)Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator [elected](1934-united-states-senate-election-in-pennsylvania).
**Democratic gain**.nowrap{{Plainlist
Felix HebertRepublican[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-rhode-island)Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
**Democratic gain**.nowrap{{Plainlist
Kenneth McKellarDemocratic[1916](1916-united-states-senate-election-in-tennessee)
[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-tennessee)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-tennessee)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Tom ConnallyDemocratic[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-texas)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
William H. KingDemocratic[1916](1916-united-states-senate-election-in-utah)
[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-utah)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-utah)Incumbent re-elected.nowrap{{Plainlist
Warren AustinRepublican[1931 (special)](1931-united-states-senate-special-election-in-vermont)Incumbent [re-elected](1934-united-states-senate-election-in-vermont).nowrap{{Plainlist
Harry F. ByrdDemocratic1933 (Appointed)
[1933 (special)](1933-united-states-senate-special-election-in-virginia)Incumbent [re-elected](1934-united-states-senate-election-in-virginia).nowrap{{Plainlist
Clarence DillDemocratic[1922](1922-united-states-senate-election-in-washington)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-washington)Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
Henry D. HatfieldRepublican[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-west-virginia)Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
**Democratic gain**. Winner was seated late on June 21, 1935, when he turned 30, due to not having satisfied the constitutional requirement to serve.nowrap{{Plainlist
Robert M. La Follette Jr.Republican[1925 (special)](1925-united-states-senate-special-election-in-wisconsin)
[1928](1928-united-states-senate-election-in-wisconsin)Incumbent re-elected as a Progressive.
**Progressive gain**.nowrap{{Plainlist
Joseph C. O'MahoneyDemocratic1933 (Appointed)Interim appointee [elected](1934-united-states-senate-elections-in-wyoming).
Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above.nowrap{{Plainlist

Closest races

Ten races had a margin of victory under 10%:

StateParty of winnerMarginMaineNew MexicoVermontConnecticutIndianaMichiganPennsylvaniaUtahDelawareNew Mexico (special)
Republican0.4%
Republican0.8%
Republican2.6%
Democratic (flip)3.5%
Democratic (flip)4.0%
Republican4.3%
Democratic (flip)4.3%
Democratic7.7%
Republican7.1%
Democratic9.5%

Virginia was the tipping point state with a margin of 55.1%.

Arizona

Ashurst:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Arizona

California

Johnson:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in California

Connecticut

|County results |220px |Municipality results}} Walcott:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Connecticut

Delaware

Townsend: Adams:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Delaware

Florida

Trammell:
Pepper:
Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Florida

Indiana

Minton:
Robinson:
Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Indiana

Maine

Hale:
Dubord:
Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Maine

Maryland

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Maryland

France:
Radcliffe:

Massachusetts

Walsh:
Washburn:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

Michigan

Vandenberg:
Picard:
Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Michigan

Minnesota

Shipstead Hoidale Holmberg

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Minnesota

Mississippi

Bilbo:
Stephens:
Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Mississippi

Missouri

Truman:

Patterson:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Missouri

Montana

Montana (regular)

Wheeler:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Montana

Montana (special)

Murray:
Leavitt:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate special election in Montana

Nebraska

Main article: 1934 United States Senate elections in Nebraska

Nebraska (regular)

Burke:
Simmons:

Nebraska (special)

Hunter:
Kemp:

Nevada

Pittman:
Malone:

New Jersey

Moore:
Kean:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in New Jersey

New Mexico

New Mexico (regular)

Cutting:
Chevez:

New Mexico (special)

Hatch:
Dillon:

New York

Copeland:
Cluett:

Main article: 1934 New York state election, 1934 United States Senate election in New York

In New York, the whole Democratic ticket was elected in the third landslide in a row.

North Dakota

Frazier:
Holt:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in North Dakota

Ohio

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Ohio

Pennsylvania

Guffey:
Martin:

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Tennessee

There were two elections due to a resignation.

Tennessee (regular)

McKellar:

Hooper:

Three-term Democrat Kenneth D. McKellar was easily re-elected.

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Tennessee

Tennessee (special)

Main article: 1934 United States Senate special election in Tennessee

One-term Democrat Cordell Hull resigned March 3, 1933 to become U.S. Secretary of State.

Democrat Nathan L. Bachman was appointed to continue Hull's term, pending a special election which Bachman easily won.

Texas

Daniel:
Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Texas

Utah

King:
Colton:

Vermont

Vermont (regular)

Austin:
Martin: Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Vermont

Vermont (special)

Gibson:
Witters: Main article: 1934 United States Senate special election in Vermont

Virginia

Byrd:
Page: Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Virginia

Washington

Schwellenbach:
Tie: Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Washington

West Virginia

Holt:
Hatfield:

Wisconsin

Main article: 1934 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

La Follete Jr.:
Callahan:
Chapple:

Wyoming

O'Mahoney:
Carter:
Main article: 1934 United States Senate elections in Wyoming

There were two elections to the same seat due to the November 3, 1933 death of Democrat John B. Kendrick. Democrat Joseph C. O'Mahoney was appointed to continue the term, pending a special election. O'Mahoney won both the special election and the regular election to the next term.

Wyoming (regular)

Wyoming (special)

O'Mahoney would be re-elected twice and serve until his 1952 defeat.

Notes

References

References

  1. Arthur Krock. (November 7, 1934). "Tide Sweeps Nation". New York Times.
  2. "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1934". U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk.
  3. Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Monacelli to Monro".
  4. "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1934".
  5. "Our Campaigns - MA US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1934".
  6. "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1934". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives.
  7. "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns.
  8. "General Election Results - U.S. Senator - 1914-2014". Office of the Vermont Secretary of State.
  9. Hunt, Lester C.. (1935). "1935 Official Directory of Wyoming and Election Returns for 1934". The Mills Company.
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