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1923
Note
1923
Note
1923
In Greece, this year contained only 352 days as 13 days were skipped to achieve the calendrical switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar. It happened there that Wednesday, 15 February (Julian Calendar) was followed by Thursday, 1 March (Gregorian Calendar).
Events
January–February
Main article: January 1923, February 1923
- January 5 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).
- January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, to force Germany to make reparation payments.
- January 17 (or 9) – First flight of the first rotorcraft, Juan de la Cierva's Cierva C.4 autogyro, in Spain. (It is first demonstrated to the military on January 31.)
- February 5 – Australian cricketer Bill Ponsford makes 429 runs to break the world record for the highest first-class cricket score for the first time in his third match at this level, at Melbourne Cricket Ground, giving the Victoria cricket team an innings total of 1,059.
- February 9 – Billy Hughes, having resigned as Prime Minister of Australia, after the Country Party refuses to govern in coalition with him as the leader of the Nationalist Party, is succeeded by Stanley Bruce. A Liberal–National Coalition will persist in the politics of Australia for at least 100 years.
March–April
Main article: March 1923, April 1923
- March 1 – Eskom, the largest electricity producer in Africa, is established in South Africa.
- March 3 – The first issue of TIME magazine is published.
- March 6 – The Egyptian Feminist Union (Arabic: الاتحاد النسائي المصري), the first nationwide feminist movement in Egypt, is founded at the home of activist Huda Sha'arawi.
- March 9 – Vladimir Lenin suffers his third stroke, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires from his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.
- March 17 – Dobrolyot is formed as the first Soviet civil aviation service; it will become part of flag carrier Aeroflot.
- March 23 – The Posey War, the last conflict between American Indians and settlers concludes, ending the American Indian Wars.
- March 28 – Regia Aeronautica, the air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
- April 6 – The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed, in Victoria Institution, Federated Malay States.
- April 12 – The Kandersteg International Scout Centre comes into existence in Switzerland.
- April 19
- Hjalmar Branting leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden, after the Swedish Riksdag has rejected a government proposal regarding unemployment benefits. Right-wing academic and jurist Ernst Trygger succeeds him.
- The Egyptian Constitution of 1923 is adopted, introducing a parliamentary system of democracy in the country.
- April 23 – The Gdynia seaport is inaugurated, on the Polish Corridor.
- April 26 – Wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon: The future King George VI of the United Kingdom marries the future Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in Westminster Abbey.
- April 28 – The original Wembley Stadium in London, England, opens its doors to the public for the first time, staging the FA Cup Final between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United.
May–June
Main article: May 1923, June 1923
- May 9
- Southeastern Michigan receives a record 15 cm of snow, after temperatures plummeted from 17 °F to 1 °F between 1 and 6 pm on the previous day.
- The premiere of Bertolt Brecht's play In the Jungle (Im Dickicht), at the Residenztheater in Munich, is interrupted by Nazi demonstrators.
- May 20 – British Prime Minister Bonar Law resigns, due to ill health.
- May 23
- Stanley Baldwin is appointed British Prime Minister.
- Belgium's Sabena Airlines is created.
- May 24 – The Irish Civil War ends.
- May 26 – The first 24 Hours of Le Mans motor race is held, and is won by André Lagache and René Léonard.
- May 27 – The Ku Klux Klan in the United States defies a law requiring publication of its membership.
- June 9 – Bulgarian coup d'état of 1923: A military coup in Bulgaria ousts prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski (he is killed June 14).
- June 12 – William Walton's Façade is performed for the first time, in London.
- June 13 – President Li Yuanhong of China abandons his residence because a warlord has commanded forces to surround the mansion and cut off its water and electric supplies in order to force him to abandon his post.
- June 16 – The storming of Ayan in Siberia concludes the Yakut Revolt and the Russian Civil War.
- June 17 – On the Savio Circuit in Ravenna, Italy, Enzo Ferrari won his first Grand Prix as a racecar driver. It also marked the first time he ever painted the prancing horse logo on his car, which would later become the symbol of Scuderia Ferrari and Ferrari S.p.A.
- June 18 – Mount Etna erupts in Italy, making 60,000 homeless.
July–August
Main article: July 1923, August 1923
- July 10 – Large hailstones kill 23 people in Rostov, Soviet Union.
- July 13
- The Hollywood Sign is inaugurated in California (originally reading Hollywoodland).
- American explorer Roy Chapman Andrews discovers the first dinosaur eggs near Flaming Cliffs, Mongolia.
- July 20 – Pancho Villa is assassinated at Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua.
- July 24 – The Treaty of Lausanne (1923), settling the boundaries of the modern Republic of Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War, bringing an end to the Ottoman Empire after 624 years.
- July – Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic (Germany) sees the number of marks needed to purchase a single American dollar reach 353,000 – more than 200 times the amount needed at the start of the year.
- August 2 – Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes the 30th president of the United States, upon the death of President Warren G. Harding in San Francisco.
- August 13
- The first major seagoing ship arrives at Gdynia, the newly constructed Polish seaport.
- Gustav Stresemann is named Chancellor of Germany, and founds a coalition government for the Weimar Republic, where hyperinflation means that more than 4,600,000 marks are now needed to buy a single American dollar.
- August 18 – The first British Track & Field championships for women are held in London.
- August 30 – Hurricane season begins, with a tropical storm northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
- August 31 – The Italian navy occupies Corfu, in retaliation for the murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests, and the occupation ends on September 30.
September–October
Main article: September 1923, October 1923
- September 1
- The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing more than 100,000 people.
- The Kantō Massacre begins and continues for several weeks. Ethnic Koreans are killed by lynch mobs based on rumors that Koreans are committing crimes and plotting to overthrow the government. The death toll (and even the occurrence of) the massacre is disputed, with figures ranging from a few dozen to over 6,000 deaths. Most of the deaths were of Korean people, although it is said that other ethnic minorities and even Japanese people with unusual dialects were also killed.
- September 4 – The United States Navy's first home-built rigid airship makes her first flight at Naval Air Station Lakehurst (New Jersey); she contains most of the world's extracted reserves of helium at this time.
- September 6 – The Fukuda Village Incident occurs as a part of the larger Kantō Massacre. Nine Japanese people, including a pregnant woman and children, are killed based on false beliefs that they are ethnic Koreans.
- September 7 – At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), better known as Interpol, is set up.
- September 8 – Honda Point disaster: Nine United States Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
- September 9 – Turkish head of state Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founds the Republican People's Party (CHP).
- September 10 – The Irish Free State joins the League of Nations.
- September 11 – Struggling for a foothold in southern China, Sun Yat-sen decides to ally his Nationalist Kuomintang party with the Comintern and the Chinese Communist Party.
- September 13 – Military coup in Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are prohibited for 10 years.
- September 17 – 1923 Berkeley fire: A major fire in Berkeley, California, erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
- September 18–26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York City.
- September 24 – Atlantic hurricane season: The second major hurricane strikes north of Hispaniola.
- September 26 – In Bavaria, Gustav Ritter von Kahr takes dictatorial powers.
- September 29
- The first American Track & Field championships for women are held in New Jersey.
- The League of Nations Mandate for Palestine (1922) comes into effect, officially creating under British administration the protectorates of Palestine and the separate Emirate of Transjordan under Abdullah I. The French-administered Mandate for Syria and Lebanon also takes effect.
- September 30 – Küstrin Putsch: Outside Berlin, Major Ernst Buchrucker, a leader of the Black Reichswehr, attempts a putsch by seizing several forts.
- October 1 – The Johor–Singapore Causeway opens to public traffic.
- October 2 – Küstrin Putsch: After two days of siege, Major Buchrucker and his men surrender.
- October 6 – The Occupation of Constantinople ends when the great powers of World War I withdraw.
- October 13
- Ankara replaces Istanbul (Constantinople), as the capital of Turkey.
- The first recorded example of a storm crossing from the Eastern Pacific into the Atlantic occurs in Oaxaca.
- October 14 – The fourth tropical storm of the year forms just north of Panama.
- October 15 – The fifth tropical storm of the year forms north of the Leeward Islands.
- October 16
- A sixth tropical storm develops in the Gulf of Mexico; a rare occurrence, it consists of four active tropical storms simultaneously.
- Roy and Walt Disney found The Walt Disney Company, at this time known as the Disney Brothers Studio.
- October 23 – Hamburg Uprising: In Germany, the Communists attempt a putsch in Hamburg, which results in street battles in that city for the next two days, when it ends unsuccessfully.
- October 27 – In Germany, General Hans von Seeckt orders the Reichswehr to dissolve the Social Democratic-Communist government of Saxony, which is refusing to accept the authority of the Reich government.
- October 28 – In Qajar dynasty Persia, Reza Khan becomes Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
- October 29 – Turkey becomes a republic, following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire; Kemal Atatürk is elected as first president.
- October 30 – İsmet İnönü is appointed as the first prime minister of Turkey.
November–December
Main article: November 1923, December 1923
- November 1
- The Finnish flag carrier airline Finnair is started, as Aero oy.
- The 1923 Victorian Police strike begins in Australia, with half of the Victoria Police force standing down over the use of labor spies. Rioting and looting take place in Melbourne city centre.
- November 8 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day in one of several significant events on 9 November in German history. 20 people die as a result of associated violence.
- November 11 – Adolf Hitler is arrested for his leading role in the Beer Hall Putsch.
- November 12 – Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie, in Wellington Barracks, London.
- November 15 – Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic: Hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 trillion on the short scale). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency and replaces it with the Rentenmark, at an exchange rate of one Rentenmark to 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion on the short scale) Papiermark (effective November 20).
- November 23 – Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses in Germany.
- December 1 – In Italy, the Gleno Dam on the Gleno River, in the Valle di Scalve in the northern province of Bergamo bursts, killing at least 356 people.
- December 6
- 1923 United Kingdom general election: The governing Conservatives under Stanley Baldwin are reduced to a minority status, with the Labour party gaining second party status.
- Calvin Coolidge addresses the United States Congress in the first radio broadcast from a President of the U.S.
- December 21 – The Nepal–Britain Treaty is the first to define the international status of Nepal as an independent sovereign country.
- December 27 – Toranomon Incident: In Tokyo, Crown Prince Hirohito of Japan survives an assassination attempt by communist student Daisuke Nanba.
- December 29 – Vladimir K. Zworykin files his first patent (in the United States) for "television systems".
Births
January
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- January 1
- January 2
- January 3
- January 4
- January 5
- January 6
- January 7
- Gertrude Ehrlich, Austrian-born American mathematician (d. 2025)
- Joseph A. Hardy III, American businessman (d. 2023)
- Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
- Jean Lucienbonnet, French racing driver (d. 1962)
- Johnny Macknowski, Russian-born American basketball player (d. 2024)
- Héctor Mayagoitia Domínguez, Mexican chemical bacteriologist and politician (d. 2023)
- January 8
- January 11
- January 12
- January 15 – Lee Teng-hui, Taiwanese politician, 4th President of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
- January 16
- January 17 – Francesc Badia Batalla, Spanish-born Andorran Bishop, Episcopal Véguier (d. 2020)
- January 18 – Jan Ruff O'Herne, Dutch-Australian human rights activist (d. 2019)
- January 19 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (All in the Family) (d. 2013)
- January 20
- January 21 – Prince Andrew Romanov, Russian-American artist and author (d. 2021)
- January 22 – Diana Douglas, British-born American actress, mother of actor/producer Michael Douglas (d. 2015)
- January 23
- January 24 – Geneviève Asse, French painter (d. 2021)
- January 25
- January 26 – Anne Jeffreys, American actress, singer (d. 2017)
- January 27 – Enrico Braggiotti, Monegasque banker (d. 2019)
- January 28
- January 29
- January 31 – Norman Mailer, American novelist, journalist and dramatist (d. 2007)
February
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- February 1
- February 2
- February 3 – Edith Barney, American female professional baseball player (d. 2010)
- February 4
- February 5
- February 6
- February 7
- February 8 – Urpo Korhonen, Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2009)
- February 9 – Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)
- February 10
- February 11
- February 12
- February 13
- February 15
- February 16 – Samuel Willenberg, Polish-born Israeli sculptor, painter and last surviving member of the Treblinka extermination camp revolt (d. 2016)
- February 17 – Jun Fukuda, Japanese film director (d. 2000)
- February 18 – Allan Melvin, American actor (d. 2008)
- February 20
- February 21
- February 22 – Norman Smith, English singer, record producer (d. 2008)
- February 23
- February 24 – David Soyer, American cellist (d. 2010)
- February 27
- February 28
March
- March 2
- March 3
- March 4
- March 6
- March 7
- March 8 – Louk Hulsman, Dutch criminologist (d. 2009)
- March 9
- March 10 – Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
- March 11
- March 12
- March 14
- March 15
- March 19 – Oskar Fischer, East German politician (d. 2020)
- March 21
- Louis-Edmond Hamelin, Canadian geographer, author and academic (d. 2020)
- Merle Keagle, American female professional baseball player (d. 1960)
- Olive Nicol, Baroness Nicol, British politician, life peer (d. 2018)
- Rezső Nyers, Hungarian politician (d. 2018)
- Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga (d. 2011)
- March 22 – Marcel Marceau, world-renowned French mime (d. 2007)
- March 24 – Murray Hamilton, American actor (d. 1986)
- March 25
- March 26
- March 27
- March 28
- March 29 – Geoff Duke, British motorcycle racer (d. 2015)
- March 31
April
- April 2
- April 4
- April 5 – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, President of South Vietnam (d. 2001)
- April 8
- April 10 – John Watkins, South African cricketer (d. 2021)
- April 12 – Ann Miller, American actress and dancer (d. 2004)
- April 13 – Don Adams, American actor, comedian (Get Smart) (d. 2005)
- April 14
- Lydia Clarke, American actress, photographer (d. 2018)
- Roberto De Vicenzo, Argentine professional golfer, winner of the 1967 Open Championship (d. 2017)
- April 15 – Douglas Wass, British civil servant (d. 2017)
- April 17 – Étienne Bally, French sprinter (d. 2018)
- April 19 – Sen Sōshitsu XV, Japanese hereditary master (d. 2025)
- April 20
- April 22
- April 23 – Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas (d. 2010)
- April 24
- April 25
- April 27 – Lloyd F. Wheat, American lawyer and politician (d. 2004)
- April 29 – Walter Deutsch, Austrian musicologist (d. 2024)
- April 30
May
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- May 1
- May 2
- May 3
- May 4
- May 5
- Sergey Akhromeyev, Soviet marshal, former Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces (d. 1991)
- Ezekiel Guti, Zimbabwean pastor and archbishop (d. 2023)
- Edit Perényi-Weckinger, Hungarian gymnast (d. 2019)
- Konrad Repgen, German historian (d. 2017)
- Richard Wollheim, English philosopher (d. 2003)
- May 6
- May 7
- May 8
- May 10 – Heydar Aliyev, 3rd President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003) (d. 2003)
- May 11
- May 12 – Mila del Sol, Filipino actress, entrepreneur and philanthropist (d. 2020)
- May 13
- May 14
- May 15
- May 16
- Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
- Lingam Suryanarayana, Indian surgeon
- May 17
- May 18 – Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
- May 19 – Peter Lo Sui Yin, Malaysian politician (d. 2020)
- May 20 – Israel Gutman, Israeli historian (d. 2013)
- May 21
- May 23
- May 24 – Seijun Suzuki, Japanese filmmaker, actor and screenwriter (d. 2017)
- May 25 – Bernard Koura, French painter (d. 2018)
- May 26
- May 27
- May 28
- May 29
- Edward H. Sims, American author
- Eugene Wright, American jazz bassist (d. 2020)
- May 30
- May 31
June
- June 2
- June 3
- June 4
- June 5 – Peggy Stewart, American actress (d. 2019)
- June 6
- June 7
- June 8
- June 9
- June 10
- June 11 – Bernard F. Grabowski, American politician (d. 2019)
- June 12
- June 13 – Lloyd Conover, American scientist (d. 2017)
- June 14
- June 15
- June 16 – Wanda Janicka, Polish architect, participant in the Warsaw Uprising (d. 2023)
- June 17
- William G. Adams, 9th mayor of St. John's, member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (d. 2005)
- Enrique Angelelli, Argentine bishop (d. 1976)
- Anthony Bevilacqua, American Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 2012)
- Sukh Dev, Indian organic chemist, academic and researcher (d. 2024)
- W. M. Gorman, Irish economist, academic (d. 2003)
- Arnold S. Relman, American internist (d. 2014)
- Jan Veselý, Czech cyclist (d. 2003)
- June 18
- June 19
- June 20
- Bjørn Watt-Boolsen, Danish actor (d. 1998)
- Franklin B. Zimmerman, American musicologist and conductor
- June 21 – Johann Eyfells, Icelandic artist (d. 2019)
- June 22
- June 23
- André Antunes, Portuguese sports shooter (d. 2002)
- Makhmut Gareev, Russian general (d. 2019)
- Doris Johnson, American politician (d. 2021)
- Mario Milita, Italian actor and voice actor (d. 2017)
- Ranasinghe Premadasa, Sri Lanka statesman, 3rd President of Sri Lanka (d. 1993)
- Jerry Rullo, American professional basketball player (d. 2016)
- Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian Resistance fighter (d. 1945)
- June 24
- June 25
- June 26
- June 27
- June 28
- June 29
- Sérgio Britto, Brazilian actor (d. 2011)
- Renyldo Ferreira, Brazilian equestrian (d. 2023)
- Alfred Goodwin, senior judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (d. 2022)
- Olav Thon, Norwegian real estate magnate (d. 2024)
- Chou Wen-chung, Chinese-American composer, educator (d. 2019)
- June 30
July
- July 1
- Scotty Bowers, American marine, author (d. 2019)
- Herman Chernoff, American applied mathematician, statistician and physicist
- July 2
- July 3
- July 4
- July 5 – Hermann Gummel, German semiconductor industry pioneer (d. 2022)
- July 6
- July 7
- July 8
- July 9 – Jill Knight, British politician (d. 2022)
- July 10
- July 11
- July 12
- July 13
- July 14
- July 16
- July 18
- July 19
- July 20
- July 21
- Walter Brenner, American professor (d. 2017)
- Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- William Wise, American children's writer
- July 22
- July 23
- July 24 – Albert Vanhoye, French cardinal (d. 2021)
- July 25
- July 28
- Robert P. Madison, American architect
- Ian McDonald, Australian cricketer (d. 2019)
- July 29
- July 31
August
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- August 2
- August 3
- August 4
- August 5
- August 6
- August 7 – Ramesh Mehta, Indian playwright, director and actor (d. 2012)
- August 8
- August 9 – John Stephenson, American actor and voice actor (d. 2015)
- August 10
- August 11
- August 12
- August 14
- August 15
- August 16
- August 17 – Carlos Cruz-Diez, Venezuelan artist (d. 2019)
- August 19 – Esmeralda Agoglia, Argentinian ballerina (d. 2014)
- August 20
- August 21 – Larry Grayson, English comedian, game show host (d. 1995)
- August 22
- Guenter Lewy, German-born American author and political scientist
- Aldo Scavarda, Italian cinematographer (d. unknown)
- Carolina Slim, American Piedmont blues singer, guitarist (d. 1953)
- August 23
- August 24
- August 25 – Luis Abanto Morales, Peruvian singer, composer (d. 2017)
- August 26
- N. A. Ramaiah, Indian physical chemist
- Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor, pianist (d. 2013)
- August 27
- August 28
- August 29
- August 30
- August 31 – Emilinha Borba, popular Brazilian singer (d. 2005)
September
- September 1
- September 3
- September 4
- September 5 – Aileen Adams, English consultant anaesthetist
- September 6
- September 7
- September 8
- September 9
- September 10
- Uri Avnery, Israeli writer (d. 2018)
- Joe Wallach, American businessman
- September 11
- September 12 – Joe Shulman, American jazz bassist (d. 1957),
- Mary E Reed, Member of Mt Rainier Methodist Church (d. 2015)
- September 13
- September 14 – Carl-Erik Asplund, Swedish speed skater (d. 2024)
- September 15 – Audrey Stuckes, English material scientist (d. 2006)
- September 16 – Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2015)
- September 17
- September 18
- September 20 – Geraldine Clinton Little, Northern Ireland-born poet (d. 1997)
- September 21
- September 22
- September 23
- Anita Cornwell, American lesbian feminist author (d. 2023)
- Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman, English politician (d. 2019)
- Eberhard W. Kornfeld, Swiss auctioneer and art collector (d. 2023)
- Maybell Lebron, Argentine-born Paraguayan writer
- Socorro Ramos, Filipino entrepreneur
- Shubert Spero, American rabbi
- Jimmy Weldon, American voice actor and ventriloquist (d. 2023)
- Samuel V. Wilson, American army general (d. 2017)
- September 24
- September 26
- September 27
- September 28
- September 29 – Nicholas Amer, English actor (d. 2019)
- September 30
October
- October 1
- October 2
- Abdullah CD, Malaysian politician (d. 2024)
- Shih Chun-jen, Taiwanese neurosurgeon (d. 2017)
- Absalón Castellanos Domínguez, Mexican politician (d. 2017)
- Judith Hemmendinger, German-born Israeli researcher and author (d. 2024)
- Eugenio Cruz Vargas, Chilean poet, painter (d. 2014)
- Hershel W. Williams, American Medal of Honour recipient (d. 2022)
- October 3
- October 4 – Charlton Heston, American actor (The Ten Commandments) (d. 2008)
- October 5
- October 6
- October 7 – Irma Grese, German Nazi concentration camp guard, war criminal (executed 1945)
- October 9
- October 10
- October 13
- October 15
- October 16 – Linda Darnell, American actress (d. 1965)
- October 17
- October 18 – Eileen Sheridan, English cyclist (d. 2023)
- October 19 – Beatrix Hamburg, American psychiatrist (d. 2018)
- October 20
- October 23
- October 24
- October 25
- October 27
- Dorothy Kloss, American dancer
- Roy Lichtenstein, American pop artist (d. 1997)
- October 29
November
- November 1
- November 2
- November 3
- Garnett Thomas Eisele, American district court judge (d. 2017)
- Violetta Elvin, née Prokhorova, Russian-born ballerina (d. 2021)
- Charles Nolte, American actor, director, playwright and educator (d. 2010)
- Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (d. 1990)
- Giovanni Battista Urbani, Italian politician (d. 2018)
- November 4
- November 5
- November 6 – Nizoramo Zaripova, Soviet politician and women's rights activist (d. 2024)
- November 8
- November 9 – Elizabeth Hawley, American journalist (d. 2018)
- November 11
- November 12 – Loriot, German actor (d. 2011)
- November 13 – Linda Christian, Mexican film actress (d. 2011)
- November 14
- November 15
- November 17
- November 18
- November 19 – Robert Harlow, Canadian writer and academic
- November 20 – Nadine Gordimer, South African fiction writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)
- November 22
- November 23
- Betty Brewer, American actress (d. 2006)
- Billy Haughton, American harness driver, trainer (d. 1986)
- Eric Heath, New Zealand artist and illustrator (d. 2025)
- Keiju Kobayashi, Japanese actor (d. 2010)
- Julien J. LeBourgeois, American vice admiral (d. 2012)
- Gloria Whelan, American poet, short story writer and novelist
- November 24 – Octavio Lepage, Venezuelan politician, Acting President of Venezuela (d. 2017)
- November 25 – Mauno Koivisto, 2-Time Prime Minister of Finland and 9th President of Finland (d. 2017)
- November 26
- November 28
- November 29 – Augusto Lauro, Italian prelate (d. 2023)
December
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- December 1
- Maurice De Bevere, better known as Morris, Belgian cartoonist, comics artist and illustrator (d. 2001)
- William F. House, American otologist, inventor of the Cochlear implant (d. 2012)
- Dick Shawn, American actor (d. 1987)
- Stansfield Turner, American admiral, Director of Central Intelligence (d. 2018)
- December 2 – Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)
- December 3
- December 4
- Vincent Ball, Australian actor
- Simon Bland, English soldier and courtier (d. 2022)
- December 5
- December 6
- December 7
- December 8
- December 9
- December 10
- December 11
- December 12
- December 13
- Philip Warren Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2020)
- Larry Doby, African-American baseball player (d. 2003)
- Doireann MacDermott, Irish translator, writer and academic (d. 2024)
- Alfonso Osorio, Spanish politician (d. 2018)
- Antoni Tàpies, Catalan painter (d. 2012)
- Herb Wilkinson, American basketball player
- December 14
- December 15
- December 16
- December 17
- December 18
- December 19 – Gordon Jackson, Scottish actor (d. 1990)
- December 20 – Ambalavaner Sivanandan, Sri Lankan novelist (d. 2018)
- December 21 – Wat Misaka, American baseball player (d. 2019)
- December 22 – Peregrine Worsthorne, English journalist, writer and broadcaster (d. 2020)
- December 23
- Dave Bolen, American athlete and ambassador (d. 2022)
- José Serra Gil, Spanish racing cyclist (d. 2002)
- Enrique Lucca, Venezuelan sports shooter (d. 2021)
- TL Osborn, American televangelist, singer and author (d. 2013)
- James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral, vice presidential candidate (d. 2005)
- Earl P. Yates, American admiral (d. 2021)
- December 24
- December 25
- Luis Álamos, Chilean football manager (d. 1983)
- René Girard, French-American historian (d. 2015)
- Sonya Olschanezky, World War II heroine (d. 1944)
- Satyananda Saraswati, Indian founder of Satyananda Yoga and Bihar Yoga (d. 2009)
- Billy Watson, American child actor (d. 2022)
- Jack Zunz, South African-English engineer (d. 2018)
- December 26
- December 27 – Lucas Mangope, President of Bophuthatswana Bantustan (d. 2018)
- December 28
- December 29
- Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat, French mathematician and physicist (d. 2025)
- Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegalese historian, anthropologist, physicist and politician (d. 1986)
- Lily Ebert, Hungarian-born English Holocaust survivor (d. 2024)
- David Teacher, British RAF veteran (d. 2024)
- Dina Merrill, American actress, heiress, socialite and philanthropist (d. 2017)
- Mike Nussbaum, American actor and director (d. 2023)
- December 30 – Carl-Göran Ekerwald, Swedish novelist, literary critic and teacher (d. 2025)
- December 31 – Balbir Singh Sr., Indian hockey player (d. 2020)
Deaths
January
- January 1 – Willie Keeler, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1872)
- January 2
- January 3 – Jaroslav Hašek, Czech writer (b. 1883)
- January 8 – Shimamura Hayao, Japanese admiral (b. 1858)
- January 9
- January 11 – Constantine I, abdicated king of Greece (b. 1868)
- January 12 – Herbert Silberer, Austrian psychoanalyst (b. 1882)
- January 13 – Alexandre Ribot, French statesman, 46th Prime Minister of France (b. 1842)
- January 16 – Abdul Kerim Pasha, Ottoman general (b. 1872)
- January 18 – Wallace Reid, American actor (b. 1891)
- January 19 – Amalia Eriksson, Swedish businesswoman (b. 1824)
- January 23 – Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher and Zionist leader (b. 1849)
- January 27 – Carolina Santocanale, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1852)
- January 30 – Columba Marmion, Irish Benedictine and Roman Catholic monk and blessed (b. 1858)
- January 31 – Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b. 1869)
February
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- February 1
- February 3 – Count Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese general (b. 1844)
- February 4
- February 5 – Count Erich Kielmansegg, former Prime Minister of Austria (b. 1847)
- February 6
- February 8 – Bernard Bosanquet, English philosopher and political theorist (b. 1848)
- February 10 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
- February 14 – Bartolomeo Bacilieri, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1842)
- February 19 – Gerónimo Giménez, Spanish conductor, composer (b. 1854)
- February 21 – Prince Miguel, Duke of Viseu (b. 1878)
- February 22
- February 24 – Edward W. Morley, American physicist, chemist (b. 1838)
- February 26 – Walter B. Barrows, American naturalist (b. 1855)
March
- March 1 – Rui Barbosa, Brazilian polymath, diplomat, writer, jurist and politician (b. 1849)
- William Bourke Cockran, Irish-American congressman and politician (b. 1854)
- March 3 – Melancthon J. Briggs, American lawyer, politician (b. 1846)
- March 6 – Joseph McDermott, American actor (b. 1878)
- March 8
- March 11 – Júlia da Silva Bruhns, Brazilian merchant (b. 1851)
- March 15 – Goat Anderson, American baseball player (b. 1880)
- March 16 – George Bean, English cricketer (b. 1864)
- March 25 – Inokuchi Ariya, Japanese technologist, professor (b. 1856)
- March 26 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
- March 27 – Sir James Dewar, British chemist (b. 1842)
- March 28 – Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)
- March 31 – Konstantin Budkevich, Soviet Roman Catholic priest and servant of God (executed) (b. 1867)
April
- April 1 – Prince Naruhisa Kitashirakawa of Japan (b. 1887)
- April 2 – Michel Théato, Luxembourg athlete (b. 1878)
- April 4
- April 5 – George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, British financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)
- April 6 – Alice Cunningham Fletcher, American ethnologist and anthropologist (b. 1838)
- April 15 – Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra, 17th President of Costa Rica (b. 1844)
- April 16 – Isidore Jacques Eggermont, Belgian diplomat (b. 1844)
- April 17 – Madre Teresa Nuzzo, Maltese Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1851)
- April 18 – Savina Petrilli, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1851)
- April 22
- Frank Baldwin, American general (b. 1842)
- Thomas Perrett, Sgt in the Confederate States Army and North Carolina State Senator (b. 1843)
- April 23
- April 24 – William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (b. 1876)
May
- May 2 – Alfred Harding, American Episcopal bishop (b. 1852)
- May 5 – Rosario de Acuña, Spanish author (b. 1850)
- May 7 - Walter Dinnie, British and New Zealand police officer (b. 1850)
- May 9 – Constantin Cristescu, Romanian general (b. 1866)
- May 10 – Charles de Freycinet, French statesman, Prime Minister of France (b. 1828)
- May 17
- May 21
- May 23 – Nicola Barbato, Italian doctor, socialist and politician (b. 1856)
- May 29 – Albert Deullin, French flying ace of World War I (b. 1890)
June
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- June 4
- June 5 – Carl von Horn, German general (b. 1847)
- June 9
- June 10 – Pierre Loti, French writer, naval officer (b. 1850)
- June 12 – Kate Bishop, English actress (b. 1848)
- June 14
- June 17 – Alexis-Xyste Bernard, Canadian Catholic bishop (b. 1847)
- June 18 – Hristo Smirnenski, Bulgarian poet (b. 1898)
- June 20 – Princess Marie of Battenberg (b. 1852)
- June 23 – Keiichi Aichi, Japanese physicist (b. 1880)
- June 24 – Edith Södergran, Finnish author (b. 1892)
July
- July 9 – William R. Day, American lawyer and diplomat, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1849)
- July 10 – Albert Chevalier, British music hall comedian (b. 1861)
- July 12 – Ernst Otto Beckmann, German pharmacist, chemist (b. 1853)
- July 15 – Janey Sevilla Callander, British producer (b. 1846)
- July 17 – Theodor Rosetti, 16th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1837)
- July 19 – Auguste Bouché-Leclercq, French historian (b. 1842)
- July 20 – Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (assassinated) (b. 1878)
- July 23 – Charles Dupuy, French statesman, Prime Minister of France (b. 1851)
- July 30 – Sir Charles Hawtrey, British actor (b. 1858)
August
- August 1 – Pierre Brizon, French teacher, deputy and pacifist (b. 1878)
- August 2 – Warren G. Harding, American politician, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
- August 5 – Vatroslav Jagić, Croatian scholar (b. 1838)
- August 9 – Victor II, Duke of Ratibor (b. 1847)
- August 10 – Joaquín Sorolla, Spanish painter (b. 1863)
- August 15 – Marty Hogan, English baseball player (b. 1869)
- August 19 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist (b. 1848)
- August 21 – Sir William Meredith, Canadian politician and judge (b. 1840)
- August 23
- August 24
- August 26 – Hertha Ayrton, English engineer, mathematician and inventor (b. 1854)
- August 27 – Edward Hill, American painter (b. 1843)
- August 29 – Princess Anastasia of Greece and Denmark (b. 1878)
September
- September 6 – Pedro José Escalón, Salvadorian military officer, 21st President of El Salvador (b. 1847)
- September 9 – Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, Brazilian soldier and politician, 8th President of Brazil (b. 1855)
- September 14 – Nemesio Canales, Puerto Rican essayist, novelist, playwright, journalist, activist and politician (b. 1878)
- September 17 – Stefanos Dragoumis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1842)
- September 19 – Sophus Andersen, Danish composer (b. 1859)
- September 23
- September 25 – Elbazduko Britayev, Russian playwright, author (b. 1881)
- September 26 – Luigi Tezza, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1841)
October
- October 3 – Kadambini Ganguly, doctor (b. 1861)
- October 6 – Damat Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
- October 10
- October 12 – Diego Manuel Chamorro, 14th President of Nicaragua (b. 1861)
- October 23
- October 26 – Charles Proteus Steinmetz, German-American engineer and electrician (b. 1865)
- October 28
- October 30 – Bonar Law, British politician, 39th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
November
- November 5 – Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen, French novelist and poet (b. 1880)
- November 9 (among those killed in Munich Beer Hall Putsch):
- November 10 – Ricciotto Canudo, Italian theoretician (b. 1877)
- November 14 – Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b. 1845)
- November 15 – Mohammad Yaqub Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (b. 1849)
- November 21 – Lars Emil Bruun, Danish grocer, numismatist (b. 1852)
- November 30 – Martha Mansfield, American actress (b. 1899)
December
- December 2 – Tomás Bretón, Spanish composer (b. 1850)
- December 4 – Maurice Barres, French novelist, journalist and politician (b. 1862)
- December 9 – Meggie Albanesi, British actress (b. 1899)
- December 10 – Thomas George Bonney, English geologist (b. 1833)
- December 11 – Kata Dalström, Swedish politician (b. 1858)
- December 13 – Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)
- December 14 – Giuseppe Gallignani, Italian composer, conductor and teacher (b. 1851)
- December 22 – Georg Luger, German firearms designer (b. 1849)
- December 25 – William Ludwig, Irish opera singer (b. 1847)
- December 26 – Rafael Valentín Errázuriz, Chilean politician, diplomat (b. 1861)
- December 27
- December 28 – Frank Hayes, American actor (b. 1871)
Date unknown
- Józef Tretiak, Polish writer (b. 1841)
Nobel Prizes
- Physics – Robert Andrews Millikan
- Chemistry – Fritz Pregl
- Physiology or Medicine – Frederick Banting, John Macleod
- Literature – W. B. Yeats
References
References
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- Mariz Tadros. (March 18–24, 1999). "Unity in diversity". Al Ahram Weekly.
- Earl L. Sullivan. (January 1, 1986). "Women in Egyptian Public Life". Syracuse University Press.
- Nadje S. Al Ali. (January 2002). "Women's Movements in the Middle East: Case Studies of Egypt and Turkey". SOAS.
- "History of Dobrolyot /Russian Society of Voluntary Air Fleet/".
- (March 3–9, 2005). "Constitutional history at a glance". Al-Ahram Weekly On-line.
- "King George VI {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia".
- "Snowstorm of May 9th, 1923". [[NOAA]].
- Emery, Katherine. (2023-03-31). "Andrew Bonar Law {{!}} Parliamentary Archives: Inside the Act Room".
- "Remembering the Great Kanto Earthquake killingsーNHK WORLD-JAPAN NEWS".
- (October 25, 2021). "Un-remembering the Massacre: How Japan's "History Wars" are Challenging Research Integrity Domestically and Abroad".
- (August 29, 2013). "Yokohama recalls texts describing 1923 'massacre' of Koreans".
- (August 31, 2016). "1923 Kanto Earthquake Massacre seen through American viewpoints".
- Hayward, John T.. (August 1978). "Comment and Discussion". United States Naval Institute Proceedings.
- Ishitobi, Noriki. (September 12, 2022). "Director shining a light on the 'dark history' of 1923 killings".
- Kyodo News. (September 2023). "FEATURE: Efforts ongoing to shed light on 1923 Kanto quake's Korean massacre".
- Gunji, Yasushi. (September 6, 2023). "Panic, false rumors and massacre: martial law amid 1923 Kanto quake".
- "1923 Police Strike". [[Museum Victoria]].
- Tonge, Stephen. "Weimar Germany 1919–1933". A Web of English History.
- Thomson, David. (2002). "The New Biographical Dictionary of Film". [[Alfred A. Knopf]].
- James Campbell. (November 12, 2007). "Obituary: Norman Mailer". The Guardian.
- "Antony Flew {{!}} English philosopher".
- (2024-03-12). "Josette Molland obituary: painter who joined the French Resistance".
- (2022). "Fédération Française de Football – Désiré Carré".
- (January 28, 2015). "Dorothy Hewett".
- (May 23, 2019). "Judith Kerr obituary".
- "Odeszła na wieczną wartę – Wanda Janicka ps. "Zofia"".
- (1993). "Contemporary Dramatists". St. James Press.
- (1945). "Indian Army List For October I Part 1".
- Smith, Lyn. (1993). "Swann's Way: A Life in Song". Arthur James Limited.
- (1956). "British Film and Television Yearbook". British and American Film Press.
- Reid, Panthea. (1996). "Art and Affection: A Life of Virginia Woolf". Oxford University Press.
- "Olympedia – Michel Théato".
- (1995). "The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies". Institute of Historical Studies.
- "Charles Proteus Steinmetz (1865-1923)".
- (2008). "The Facts on File Companion to the World Novel: 1900 to the Present". Infobase Publishing.
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