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1914 in Germany

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Events in the year 1914 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

  • Emperor – Wilhelm II
  • Chancellor – Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

State level

Kingdoms

  • King of Bavaria – Ludwig III
  • King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
  • King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III
  • King of Württemberg – William II

Grand Duchies

  • Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II
  • Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V to 11 June, then Adolphus Frederick VI
  • Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
  • Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest

Principalities

  • Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
  • Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
  • Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, as regent)
  • Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line
  • Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

  • Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
  • Duke of Brunswick – Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick
  • Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  • Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen to 25 June, then Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Colonial Governors

  • Cameroon (Kamerun) – initially ... Full, acting governor, then Karl Ebermaier (2nd and final term)
  • Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck to 7 November
  • German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Albert Heinrich Schnee
  • German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term) tol 13 February, then Eduard Haber (acting governor) until 17 October
  • German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Erich Schultz-Ewerth tol 29 August
  • German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Theodor Seitz
  • Togoland – Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg to 31 August

Events

April

  • April 24 – James Franck and Gustav Hertz's experiment on electron collisions showing internal quantum levels of atoms is presented to the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.

July

  • 5 July:
    • The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the Archduke's funeral.
    • A council is held at Potsdam, powerful leaders within Austria-Hungary and Germany meet to discuss possibilities of war with Serbia, Russia, and France.

August

  • 1 August – The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilization.
  • 3 August – World War I: Germany declares war on France
  • 4 August:
    • World War I: Germany declares war on Belgium
    • World War I: German troops invade neutral Belgium. The United Kingdom declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality.
  • 7 August – World War I: French and British forces invade and occupy the German colony of Togoland.
  • 9 August:
    • World War I: Battle of Mulhouse begins, the opening attack of by the French army against Germany.
    • World War I: The German submarine Unterseeboot 15 is sunk by the British HMS Birmingham.
  • 23 August
    • The Republic of China cancels the German lease of Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).
    • World War I: A New Zealand expeditionary force occupies the German colony of German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa), following an unopposed invasion.
    • World War I: Battle of Mons, the first major action of the war between the British Expeditionary Force and the German Army, in which the German forces are defeated.
  • 28 August – World War I: The Battle of Heligoland - three German cruisers are sunk by British cruisers.

September

  • 5–12 September – World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins: Northeast of Paris, German forces are attacked by the British Expeditionary Force and the French 6th Army. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in victory for the Anglo-French forces.
  • 13–28 September – World War I: First Battle of the Aisne involving British, French and German forces.
  • 21 September– World War I: All German armed forces in German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) surrender to the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force.

October

  • 4 October – Manifesto of the Ninety-Three proclaimed in Germany.
  • 19 October – 22 November – World War I: First Battle of Ypres fought between British, French and German forces in Ypres in Belgium.

November

  • 1 November – World War I: Battle of Coronel fought – German forces, led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, defeat a Royal Navy squadron.
  • 7 November – World War I: Following the Siege of Tsingtao, Japanese armed forces assume control of the German colonial concession at Kiaochow Bay (Kiautschou).

December

  • 8 December – World War I: The Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German fleet is defeated by the British Royal Navy.
  • 24 December – World War I: German and British soldiers begin an unofficial Christmas truce.

Births

January

February

March

  • Wilhelm Wegner, German highly decorated Leutnant in the Wehrmacht (died 1989)
  • March 2 - Walter Haeussermann, German engineer and rocket scientist (died 2010)
  • March 18 - Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (died 1987)

April

  • 8 April – Günter Amelung, highly decorated Rittmeister of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht (died 1944)
  • 12 April - Gretel Bergmann, German high jumper (died 2017)
  • 20 April – Otto Weiß, former German pair skater

May

  • 3 May – Eugen-Ludwig Zweigart, German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1944)
  • 7 May – Joachim Wandel, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1942)
  • 26 May – Erhard Weiß, German diver (died 1957)
  • 27 May – Otto Weidinger, member of the Waffen-SS (died (1990)

June

  • 1 June – Karl Wanka, highly decorated Major of the Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II (died 1980)
  • 13 June – Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld, art historian (died 1988)

July

  • 1 July – Orli Wald, member of the German Resistance in Nazi Germany (died 1962)
  • 1 July - Christl Cranz, German alpine racer (died 2004)
  • 9 July - Willi Stoph, German politician (died 1999)

August

September

  • September 15 - Will Quadflieg, actor (died 2003)
  • September 22 - Siegfried Lowitz, actor (died 1999)

November

  • 6 November – Alfred Zwiebel, German-American landscape, floral, and still-life paint (died 2005)
  • 13 November - Paul Lücke, German politician (died 1976)
  • 15 November - Erich Steidtmann, German Nazi SS officer (died 2010)

December

  • 5 December – Edmund Wagner, German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (died 1941)
  • 13 December – Fritz Zängl, German skier and soldier (died 1943)
  • 14 December – Karl Carstens, German politician, former President of Germany (died 1992)
  • 19 December – Dietrich Hrabak, German World War II flying ace (died 1995)
  • 21 December – Theodor Weissenberger, German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II (died 1959)
  • 24 December- Herbert Reinecker, German dramatist and screenwriter (died 2007)
  • 26 December – Annemarie Wendl, German actress (died 2006)
  • 29 December – Alfred Vohrer, German film director (died 1986)

Deaths

January

  • 13 January - Alfred Lichtwark, German art historian and museum curator (born 1852)

March

  • 21 March - August Wöhler, German railway engineer (born 1819)
  • 22 March - Otto Harnack, German historian (born 1857)
  • 31 March – Christian Morgenstern, German author (born 1871)

April

  • 2 April – Paul Heyse German writer and translator (born 1839)
  • 11 April - Carl Chun, German biologist (born 1852)

May

  • 29 May - Paul Mauser, German weapon designer and manufacturer/industrialist (born 1838)

June

  • 11 June – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, nobleman (born 1848)
  • 16 June - Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer, German gynecologist w (born 1837)
  • 25 June – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, nobleman (born 1826)

August

  • 1 August – Adolf Zander, German composer (born 1843)
  • 19 August – Franz Xavier Wernz, German Superior General of the Society of Jesus (born 1842)
  • 24 August – Johannes Weiss, German Protestant theologian and biblical exegete (born 1863)

September

October

November

December

Date unknown

  • Gustav Weymer, 81, (German entomologist)

References

References

  1. (2006). "Penguin Pocket On This Day". Penguin Reference Library.
  2. (1999). "The Hutchinson Factfinder". Helicon.
  3. John C. Dove. (1992). "Who's Who in Germany 1992". Who's who the Internat. Red Series Verlag.
  4. Renate Tobies. (5 January 2012). "Iris Runge: A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry". Springer Science & Business Media.
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