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1898 Philippine legislative election

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FieldValue
election_name1898 Philippine legislative election
countryPhilippines
flag_year1898
flag_imagePhilippines Aguinaldo flag (obverse).svg
typelegislative
ongoingno
next_election1907 Philippine Assembly elections
next_year1907
election_dateJune 23 – September 10, 1898
image_size200x200px
image1Pedro Alejandro Paterno.jpg
leader1Pedro Paterno
leaders_seat1Ilocos Norte
seats_for_election68 (of the 136) seats to the Malolos Congress
seats168
before_electionNone (This was the first Philippine legislative election)
after_electionPedro Paterno
titleCongress President
party_colorno

The elections for the Malolos Congress, also known as the Revolutionary Congress, were held in the Philippines from June 23 to September 10, 1898.

These were the first elections for a national legislature in the Philippines. The Spanish colonial government held elections in 1895 across the Philippines but for local municipal officers only. Many parts of the Visayas and Mindanao did not elect representatives and as a result their representatives were appointed later on.

The first fully elected national legislative body occurred under American rule with the 1907 Philippine Assembly elections as the only elected house of the bicameral Philippine Legislature.

Background

Main article: History of the Philippines (1898–1946)

Following the defeat of the Spanish at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War on May 1, 1898, by the American Navy, Philippine revolutionary forces under Emilio Aguinaldo declared the Philippines to be an independent nation on June 12, 1898. The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines held these elections following that declaration.

After the Spanish sold the Philippines to the Americans in the Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, the First Philippine Republic, which includes the Malolos Congress, fought the Philippine–American War against the American colonial forces, eventually losing the war.

There would not be another attempt at national legislative election until the 1907 elections which established the Philippine Assembly. The Assembly, unlike the Malolos Congress, was fully elected but it was only one house of a bicameral legislature, the Philippine Legislature, the other house being the unelected Philippine Commission.

Electoral system

The manner of election of delegates was via a series of indirect elections. In districts where the delegates were not appointed by the government, the manner of election was as follows:

  1. A big assembly of select citizens in every town and shall elect by majority vote a mayor, and officials each for Police and Public Order, Justice and Civil Registry, and of Revenues and Property.
  2. The town mayor, the three officials, and heads of the barrios shall constitute the Popular Assembly.
  3. All town mayors in a province shall constitute the Provincial Assembly, and they shall elect by majority vote the Governor and three councilors.
  4. The Governor of the province, as the president, the mayor of the provincial capital, as the vice president, and the three councilors shall constitute the Provincial Council.
  5. The Provincial Council shall elect three representatives for Manila and Cavite, two representatives for other regular provinces, and one for other provinces and politico-military command posts.

Results

National

The following is a list of congress officers elected.

PositionName
President**Pedro A. Paterno**
Vice-president**Benito Legarda**
Secretary**Gregorio S. Araneta**
**Pablo Ocampo**

Paterno defeated General Antonio Luna with a vote of 24–23; Legarda against Aguedo Velarde with 21–9; and Araneta and Ocampo won with 31 and 27 votes, respectively.

Local

The following is a list of congress members by province as of July 7, 1899.

ProvinceElectedAppointed
Manila
Ambos Camarines
Batangas
Bulacan
Cavite
Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Sur
Laguna
Pampanga
Pangasinan
Iloilo
Cebu
Leyte
Albay
Cagayan
Bataan
Isabela
Union
Nueva Ecija
Tarlac
Zambales
Sorsogon
Negros Occidental
Negros Oriental
Samar
Capiz
Antigua
Bohol
Zamboanga
Misamis
Calamianes
Masbate
Mindoro
Morong
Lepanto
Batanes Islands
Nueva Vizcaya
Abra
Padre Burgos (Benguet)
Catanduanes
Paragua
**Totals**
136}}

Notes

References

References

  1. "Decree of June 18, 1898, establishing the Dictatorial Government".
  2. ''The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna'' (1970), pg. 450–452
  3. Kalaw, Maximo M.. (1927). "The development of Philippine politics". Oriental commercial.
  4. (1907). "Compilation of Philippine Insurgent Records". War Department, Bureau of Insular Affairs.
  5. Agoncillo, Teodoro A.. (1897). "Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic". University of the Philippines Press.
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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