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1894 Ontario general election

Canadian provincial election

Field	Value
election_name	1894 Ontario general election
country	Ontario
flag_year	1868
type	parliamentary
ongoing	no
party_colour	no
party_name	no
previous_election	1890 Ontario general election
previous_year	1890
previous_mps	7th Legislative Assembly of Ontario
next_election	1898 Ontario general election
next_year	1898
elected_members	[elected members](8th-legislative-assembly-of-ontario)
seats_for_election	94 seats in the [8th Legislative Assembly of Ontario](8th-legislative-assembly-of-ontario)
48 seats were needed for a majority
election_date	June 26, 1894
image1	[[Image:Oliver Mowat.jpg	150x150px]]
colour1
leader1	Oliver Mowat
leader_since1	1872
party1
leaders_seat1	Oxford North
last_election1	53
seats1	45
seat_change1	8
image2	[[Image:William Ralph Meredith.png	150x150px]]
colour2
leader2	William Ralph Meredith
leader_since2	1879
party2
leaders_seat2	London
last_election2	34
seats2	23
seat_change2	9
title	Premier
posttitle	Premier after election
before_election	Oliver Mowat
before_party
after_election	Oliver Mowat
after_party

48 seats were needed for a majority The 1894 Ontario general election was the eighth general election held in the province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on June 26, 1894, to elect the 94 Members of the 8th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").

The main issues were the Liberals' "Ontario System", as well as French language schools, farmer interests, support for Toronto business, woman suffrage, the temperance movement, and the demands of labour unions.

The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, formed the government for the seventh consecutive parliament, even though some of its members were elected under joint banners: either with the Patrons of Industry or the Protestant Protective Association.

The Ontario Conservative Party, led by William Ralph Meredith, formed the official opposition.

The Patrons of Industry, a farmers' organization formed in 1890, cooperated with the urban labour movement to address the political frustrations of both groups with big business. Sixteen members of the Legislative Assembly were elected with Patrons of Industry support—12 Liberals, one Conservative, and three who ran only under the "Patrons of Industry" banner.

The Protestant Protective Association (PPA) was an anti-Catholic group, associated with the Orange Order. It campaigned against the rights of Catholics and French-Canadians, and argued that Roman Catholics were attempting to take over Ontario. Nine candidates were elected with PPA support, 6 Conservatives, 1 Liberal and 2 who ran only under the PPA banner. The PPA worked most closely with the Conservative opposition.

Ottawa was given a second seat, and plurality block voting was used. Elsewhere the first-past-the-post election system was used. The Toronto district had been divided into separate single member districts, as part of the expansion of the Assembly

Expansion of the Legislative Assembly

An Act passed just prior to the election increased the size of the Assembly from 91 to 94 seats:

:* Toronto, a riding that returned three MLAs, was divided into Toronto East, Toronto North, Toronto South and Toronto West. :* Hamilton, a single-member constituency, was divided into Hamilton East and Hamilton West. :* Ottawa became a two-member riding.

Results

|- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=5 | MPPs ! colspan=3 | Votes |- ! Candidates 1890 !Dissol. !1894 !± !# !% ! ± (pp) |80 |53 | |45 |8 |153,826 |40.99% |8.64 |56 |34 | |23 |11 |104,369 |27.81% |12.07 |26 |– |– |12 |12 |44,029 |11.73% | |13 |– |– |5 |5 |24,616 |6.56% | |7 |– |– |3 |3 |10,465 |2.79% | |7 |– |– |2 |2 |11,608 |3.09% | |2 |– |– |2 |2 |3,649 |0.97% | |- |8 |– |– |1 |1 |11,015 |2.94% | |1 |– |– |1 |1 |2,326 |0.62% | |9 |– |– |– | |9,374 |2.50% | | |2 |– |– |2 | |2 |– |– |2 | |-style="background:#E9E9E9;" |209 |91 |91 |94 | |375,277 |100.00% | |- |-style="background:#E9E9E9;" |539,358 |70.30% |0.70 |}

Party	Seats	Votes	Change (pp)
		{{bartable	-8.64	-5	1em	background:red}}
	Protestant Protective AssociationAssociated with the Orange Order.

Before the Legislature's first session opened, four by-elections were called. William Ralph Meredith (London) resigned to accept appointment as a judge, while the elections of James M. Savage (Algoma West), John Senn (Haldimand) and Edward H. Smythe (Kingston) were overturned on appeal. The Liberals won all four Conservative seats, thus securing a majority in the Assembly. That, together with the inability of the Patrons of Industry and the Conservatives to combine on any issue, ensured the Liberals' hold on power.

Synopsis of results

Ridingexcluding Ottawa, a multi-member constituency	Winning party	Turnout	Votes	Nameorder is as given in EO reports	[1890](1890-ontario-general-election)	Party	Votes	Share	Margin
#	Margin
%	Lib	Con	POI	PPA	Ind	Total
Addington		Con		Con	1,849	52.89%	202	5.78%	75.79%	1,647	1,849	–	–	–	3,496
Algoma East		Con		Lib	1,982	50.85%	66	1.69%	50.48%	1,982	1,916	–	–	–	3,898
Algoma West		Lib		Con	1,137	50.13%	6	0.26%	52.42%	1,131	1,137	–	–	–	2,268
Brant North		Lib		Lib	1,192	61.44%	444	22.89%	77.41%	1,192	–	748	–	–	1,940
Brant South		Lib		Lib	2,597	56.74%	617	13.48%	79.56%	2,597	–	–	1,980	–	4,577
Brockville		Lib		Lib	2,045	53.49%	267	6.98%	71.43%	2,045	1,778	–	–	–	3,823
Bruce Centre		Lib		L-PI	1,932	57.97%	531	15.93%	69.91%	1,401	–	1,932	–	–	3,333
Bruce North		Con		L-PP	1,369	39.35%	246	7.07%	63.61%	1,123	987	–	1,369the Patrons of Industry incumbent Daniel McNaughton, who was elected in an 1893 byelection	–	3,479
Bruce South		Lib		Lib	1,913	52.05%	151	4.11%	68.91%	1,913	–	1,762	–	–	3,675
Cardwell		Con		C-PI	1,888	54.93%	345	10.04%	65.18%	6	–	3,431two Conservative candidates	–	–	3,437
Carleton		Con		C-PI	1,986	63.61%	850	27.23%	68.07%	–	1,136	1,986	–	–	3,122
Dufferin		C-ER		PI	2,465	57.05%	609	14.09%	71.28%	–	1,856	2,465	–	–	4,321
Dundas		Con		Con	2,010	52.44%	187	4.88%	77.22%	–	2,010	1,823	–	–	3,833
Durham East		C-ER		Con	1,746	56.49%	401	12.97%	66.84%	–	1,746	–	1,345	–	3,091
Durham West		Lib		C-PP	1,646	50.94%	61	1.89%	84.42%	1,585	–	–	1,646	–	3,231
Elgin East		Con		Con	1,700	43.72%	366	9.41%	74.35%	1,334	1,700	854	–	–	3,888
Elgin West		Con		L-PI	2,851	51.55%	171	3.09%	80.82%	–	2,680	2,851	–	–	5,531
Essex North		Con		Lib	1,843	42.46%	246	5.67%	54.60%	1,843	901	1,597	–	–	4,341
Essex South		Lib		Lib	2,521	52.82%	789	16.53%	79.15%	2,521	–	520	1,732	–	4,773
Frontenac		Con		L-PI	1,517	52.26%	131	4.51%	61.94%	–	1,386	1,517	–	–	2,903
Glengarry		Lib		L-PI	2,030	55.22%	384	10.45%	70.96%	–	–	2,030	–	1,646	3,676
Grenville		Con		Con	1,826	47.88%	492	12.90%	64.99%	1,334	1,826	–	654	–	3,814
Grey Centre		Con		PPA	1,735	42.67%	542	13.33%	67.33%	1,138	–	–	2,9281 PPA, plus the Conservative incumbent Joseph Rorke.	–	4,066
Grey North		Lib		Lib	1,646	38.09%	213	4.93%	66.04%	1,646	1,242	–	1,433	–	4,321
Grey South		Con		PI	2,401	59.83%	789	19.66%	69.29%	1,612	–	2,401	–	–	4,013
Haldimand		Lib		Con	1,693	50.22%	15	0.44%	76.00%	1,678	1,693	–	–	–	3,371
Halton		Con		Con	2,269	51.25%	111	2.51%	77.10%	2,158	2,269	–	–	–	4,427
Hamilton East	New		Lib	2,348	51.09%	100	2.18%	78.01%	2,348	–	–	2,248	–	4,596
Hamilton West	New		Lib	2,468	55.10%	457	10.20%	78.80%	2,468	–	–	2,011	–	4,479
Hastings East		Con		L-PI	1,574	52.70%	161	5.39%	63.32%	1,413	–	1,574	–	–	2,987
Hastings North		Con		PI	1,782	50.71%	50	1.42%	61.37%	–	1,732	1,782	–	–	3,514
Hastings West		Lib		Lib	1,473	51.41%	81	2.83%	56.05%	1,473	–	–	–	1,392	2,865
Huron East		Lib		Lib	2,129	55.95%	453	11.91%	74.44%	2,129	–	1,676	–	–	3,805
Huron South		Lib		Lib	2,335	50.24%	22	0.47%	79.03%	2,335	2,313	–	–	–	4,648
Huron West		Lib		Lib	2,263	50.85%	76	1.71%	73.39%	2,263	–	2,187	–	–	4,450
Kent East		Lib		Lib	2,365	55.03%	432	10.05%	61.62%	2,365	–	1,933	–	–	4,298
Kent West		Con		L-PI	3,106	54.52%	515	9.04%	71.59%	–	2,591	3,106	–	–	5,697
Kingston		Con		Con	1,710	50.01%	1	0.03%	80.89%	1,709	1,710	–	–	–	3,419
Lambton East		Lib		IC-PP	2,326	52.06%	184	4.12%	78.15%	2,142	–	–	2,326Peter Duncan McCallum, elected as an Independent Conservative in an 1893 byelection	–	4,468
Lambton West		Lib		C-PP	3,044	50.73%	88	1.47%	63.63%	2,956	–	–	3,044	–	6,000
Lanark North		L-ER		Con	1,499	50.44%	26	0.87%	75.08%	1,473	1,499	–	–	–	2,972
Lanark South		Con		Con	1,830	53.03%	623	18.05%	69.08%	1,207	1,830	–	414	–	3,451
Leeds		Con		Con	1,999	55.14%	373	10.29%	65.02%	–	1,999	1,626	–	–	3,625
Lennox		Con		Con	1,089	39.09%	112	4.02%	67.24%	977	1,089	720	–	–	2,786
Lincoln		Con		Con	2,548	51.23%	122	2.45%	76.62%	–	2,548	–	–	2,426	4,974
London		Con		Con	3,273	51.07%	137	2.14%	86.29%	3,136	3,273	–	–	–	6,409
Middlesex East		Con		L-PP	2,280	54.79%	399	9.59%	69.27%	1,881	–	–	2,280	–	4,161
Middlesex North		Lib		L-PI	2,015	51.64%	128	3.28%	75.79%	–	–	2,015	1,887	–	3,902
Middlesex West		Lib		Lib	1,970	51.46%	112	2.93%	79.59%	1,970	1,858	–	–	–	3,828
Monck		Lib		Lib	1,519	51.13%	67	2.26%	72.61%	1,519	–	–	1,452	–	2,971
Muskoka		Con		C-PP	1,803	52.44%	168	4.89%	75.02%	1,635	–	–	1,803	–	3,438
Nipissing		Lib		Lib	1,345	65.83%	647	31.67%	56.12%	1,345	–	–	–	698	2,043
Norfolk North		Lib		Lib	1,690	54.64%	287	9.28%	76.63%	1,690	–	–	1,403	–	3,093
Norfolk South		Lib		Lib	1,424	50.37%	21	0.74%	73.06%	1,424	–	1,403	–	–	2,827
Northumberland East		Con		Con	1,701	38.76%	179	4.08%	74.35%	1,522	2,867the incumbent William Arnson Willoughby was the winning candidate	–	–	–	4,389
Northumberland West		Lib		Lib	1,402	52.27%	146	5.44%	73.18%	1,402	1,256	–	–	24	2,682
Ontario North		Con		Lib	2,114	50.90%	75	1.81%	79.45%	2,114	2,039	–	–	–	4,153
Ontario South		Lib		Lib	2,884	52.94%	320	5.87%	82.45%	2,884	2,564	–	–	–	5,448
Oxford North		Lib		Lib	2,197	58.40%	632	16.80%	64.35%	2,197	–	–	1,565	–	3,762
Oxford South		Lib		Lib	2,454	54.21%	381	8.42%	71.16%	2,454	–	2,073	–	–	4,527
Parry Sound		Lib		L-PI	1,968	56.94%	480	13.89%	42.89%	1,488	–	1,968	–	–	3,456
Peel		Lib		Lib	2,273	54.78%	397	9.57%	75.59%	2,273	–	–	1,876	–	4,149
Perth North		Lib		Con	2,957	50.93%	108	1.86%	81.23%	2,849	2,957	–	–	–	5,806
Perth South		Lib		L-PI	2,232	50.26%	23	0.52%	75.32%	2,209	–	2,232	–	–	4,441
Peterborough East		Lib		Lib	1,621	58.37%	465	16.74%	62.43%	1,621	1,156	–	–	–	2,777
Peterborough West		Lib		Lib	2,280	60.00%	760	20.00%	75.10%	2,280	1,520	–	–	–	3,800
Prescott		Lib		Lib	2,038	71.06%	1,208	42.12%	58.42%	2,038	–	830	–	–	2,868
Prince Edward		Lib		L-PI	2,149	53.35%	667	16.56%	71.00%	–	1,482	2,149	–	397	4,028
Renfrew North		Con		Lib	1,978	54.40%	320	8.80%	75.46%	1,978	1,658	–	–	–	3,636
Renfrew South		Lib		Lib	1,802	53.41%	231	6.85%	69.55%	3,373the incumbent John Francis Dowling received 1,571 votes	1	–	–	–	3,374
Russell		Lib		Lib	1,976	62.47%	789	24.94%	48.17%	1,976	1,187	–	–	–	3,163
Simcoe Centre		Lib		Lib	1,170	36.76%	79	2.48%	67.88%	1,170	922	–	1,091	–	3,183
Simcoe East		Con		Con	2,021	43.21%	124	2.65%	67.07%	1,897	2,021	759	–	–	4,677
Simcoe West		Con		L-PI	1,509	51.48%	87	2.97%	58.38%	–	–	2,9311 Liberal; 1 Conservative	–	–	2,931
Stormont		Lib		L-PI	1,809	47.02%	404	10.50%	62.89%	1,405	633	1,809	–	–	3,847
Toronto East	New		C-PP	3,401	66.12%	1,658	32.23%	62.00%	–	–	1,743	3,401George Ryerson was previously elected as a Conservative in an 1893 byelection.	–	5,144
Toronto North	New		Con	4,007	55.58%	805	11.17%	71.21%	3,202	4,007	–	–	–	7,209
Toronto South	New		Con	6,073	60.31%	2,077	20.63%	71.35%	3,996	6,073	–	–	–	10,069
Toronto West	New		Con	4,366	60.53%	1,519	21.06%	68.31%	2,847	4,366	–	–	–	7,213
Victoria East		Con		Con	1,688	54.40%	273	8.80%	60.24%	–	1,688	1,415	–	–	3,103
Victoria West		L-ER		Lib	1,785	48.64%	470	12.81%	70.62%	1,785	1,315	570	–	–	3,670
Waterloo North		Lib		Lib	2,042	51.11%	918	22.98%	64.48%	2,042	–	1,124	–	829	3,995
Waterloo South		Lib		Lib	2,212	55.63%	448	11.27%	65.85%	3,976the incumbent John Douglas Moore was the winning candidate	–	–	–	–	3,976
Welland		Con		Lib	2,579	50.90%	91	1.80%	78.16%	2,579	2,488	–	–	–	5,067
Wellington East		Lib		Lib	1,308	36.90%	55	1.55%	71.66%	1,308	984	1,253	–	–	3,545
Wellington South		Lib		Lib	1,993	60.39%	686	20.79%	59.46%	1,993	–	1,307	–	–	3,300
Wellington West		Lib		C-PP	1,718	54.49%	283	8.98%	65.91%	1,435	–	–	1,718	–	3,153
Wentworth North		Lib		Lib	1,449	51.31%	74	2.62%	78.75%	1,449	1,375	–	–	–	2,824
Wentworth South		Lib		Lib	1,551	55.37%	301	10.75%	83.84%	1,551	1,250	–	–	–	2,801
York East		Lib		Lib	1,959	56.23%	434	12.46%	67.24%	1,959	1,525	–	–	–	3,484
York North		Lib		Lib	2,035	54.28%	321	8.56%	61.07%	2,035	1,714	–	–	–	3,749
York West		Lib		Con	2,151	50.62%	53	1.25%	72.41%	2,098	2,151	–	–	–	4,249

: = open seat : = turnout is above provincial average : = winning candidate was in previous Legislature : = incumbent had switched allegiance : = previously incumbent in another riding : = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature : = incumbency arose from byelection gain : = incumbency arose from prior election result being overturned by the court : = other incumbents renominated : = joint Conservative candidate : = joint Independent Conservative candidate : = joint Liberal candidate : = joint Labour candidate : = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada : = multiple candidates

|- ! colspan=2 | Political party ! Candidate ! Votes ! % ! Elected ! Incumbent |- |3,381 ||29.99 |- |3,316 ||29.41 |- |2,616 ||23.20 |- |1,923 ||17.06 |- |39 ||0.65 |- !colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"|Majorityplurality for third winning candidate |700 ||6.21 |- !colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"|Turnout |6,841 ||56.11 |- !colspan="3" style="text-align:right;"|Registered voters |12,193 |}

Analysis

Party in 1st place	Party in 2nd place	Total	Lib	Con	L-PI	C-PP	POI	C-PI	PPA	Ind
	2	17	9	5	2	1	5	2		43
	18		2			1	1	1		23
	5	4		1		1		1		12
	4								1	5
	1	2								3
		1				1				2
	2									2
				1						1
	1									1
Total	33	24	11	7	2	4	6	4	1	92

1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
44	34	2
23	24	9
12	11	2
5	7	1
3	2	2
2	4	1
2
1	6	1
1
	4	3	1	1
	1

Source	Party	Total	Lib	Con	POI	L-PI	C-PI	PPA	L-PP	C-PP	IC-PP
Seats retained	Incumbents returned	26	9								35
Open seats held	8	4								12
Byelection loss reversed		1								1
Defeated by same-party candidate	1									1
Seats changing hands	Incumbents defeated	3	4	3	6	1	1		3		21
Open seats gained	1	1		6	1		1	1		11
Byelection gains held	1	1								2
Incumbent changed allegiance	1									1
Incumbent from 3rd-party byelection gain changed allegiance							1		1	2
New seat	New MLAs	1	2								3
Previously incumbent in the Legislature	1	1						1		3
Ottawa seats	MLA returned	1									1
New MLAs	1									1
Total	45	23	3	12	2	1	2	5	1	94

MLAs elected by region and riding

Party designations are as follows:

Northern Ontario

Ottawa Valley

Saint Lawrence Valley

Central Ontario

Georgian Bay

Wentworth/Halton/Niagara

Midwestern Ontario

Southwestern Ontario

Peel/York/Ontario

Division of ridings

The newly created ridings returned the following MLAs:

1890	1894	Riding	Party	MLAs	Riding
Toronto		2	Toronto East		1
Toronto North		1
	1	Toronto South		1
Toronto West		1
Hamilton		1	Hamilton East		1
Hamilton West		1
Ottawa		1	converted to dual-member riding		2

Seats that changed hands

Party	1890	Gain from (loss to)	1894	Lib	Con	Lib-P	C-PPA	POI	Con-P	L-PPA	PPA	ICP	L-ER	C-ER
50			6	(4)		(7)		(3)		(1)
32	4	(6)				(5)		(1)		(1)		(2)		(2)
Liberal-Patrons	–	7		5
Conservative–P.P.A.	–	3		1
–	1		1
Conservative-Patrons	–			2
Liberal-P.P.A.	–			2
	Protestant Protective Association	–			1
–	1
2		(1)		(1)
2				(1)						(1)
Total	86	16	(7)	18	(6)	–	(12)	–	(4)	–	(3)	–	(2)	–

Of the constituencies that were not altered, there were 38 seats that changed allegiance in the election:

Liberal to Conservative

Algoma West
Haldimand
Perth North
York West

Liberal to Liberal/Patrons of Industry

Bruce Centre
Middlesex North
Parry Sound
Perth South
Glengarry
Prince Edward
Stormont

Liberal to Conservative/PPA

Lambton West
Durham West
Wellington West

Liberal to Patrons of Industry

Grey South

Liberal to Independent-Conservative/PPA

Lambton East

Conservative to Liberal

Algoma East
Brockville
Essex North
Ontario North
Renfrew North
Welland

Conservative to Liberal/Patrons of Industry

Hastings East
Kent West
Elgin West
Frontenac
Simcoe West

Conservative to Conservative/PPA

Muskoka

Conservative to Patrons of Industry

Hastings North

Conservative to Conservative/Patrons of Industry

Cardwell
Carleton

Conservative to Liberal/PPA

Bruce North
Middlesex East

Conservative to PPA

Grey Centre

Liberal/Equal Rights to Liberal

Victoria West

Liberal/Equal Rights to Conservative

Lanark North

Conservative/Equal Rights to Conservative

Durham East

Conservative/Equal Rights to Patrons of Industry

Dufferin

References

Janet B. Kerr, "Sir Oliver Mowat and the Campaign of 1894," ''Ontario History,'' March 1963, Vol. 55 Issue 1, pp 1-13
{{Cite canlaw. (1894)
"1894 General Election".
Romney, Paul. (1994). "Mowat, Sir Oliver".
. (1895). ["Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario"](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/chi.096180482?urlappend=%3Bseq=58). *Legislative Assembly of Ontario*.
. (1896). ["Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario"](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015068543209?urlappend=%3Bseq=53). *Legislative Assembly of Ontario*.

Info: Wikipedia Source

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