1891 in Germany

Incumbents

National level

• Emperor – Wilhelm II
• Chancellor – Leo von Caprivi

State level

Kingdoms

• King of Bavaria – Otto
• King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
• King of Saxony – Albert
• King of Württemberg – Charles to 6 October, then William II

Grand Duchies

• Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I
• Grand Duke of Hesse – Louis IV
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis III
• Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Frederick William
• Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Peter II
• Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Charles Alexander

Principalities

• Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Principality of Lippe – Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
• Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
• Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
• Waldeck and Pyrmont – George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

• Duke of Anhalt – Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
• Duke of Brunswick – Prince Albert of Prussia (regent)
• Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
• Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Colonial Governors

• Cameroon (Kamerun) – from 7 August Bruno von Schuckmann (acting governor)
• German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Hermann Wissmann (commissioner) (1st term) to 21 February, then Julius Freiherr von Soden (with ... Rüdiger, acting governor)
• German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Fritz Rose (commissioner)
• German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Louis Nels (acting commissioner) to March, then Curt von François (commissioner)
• Togoland – Eugen von Zimmerer (commissioner) to 14 April, then vacant

Events

• 23–24 January – 1891 European Figure Skating Championships in Hamburg

Undated

• German company Dr. Oetker is founded in Bielefeld.
• Robert Koch Institute is founded in Berlin.
• International Electrotechnical Exhibition in Frankfurt am Main
• The modern taximeter is invented by German Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn.
• The Fischer projection is devised by Hermann Emil Fischer.
• August Thyssen and Joseph Thyssen found German steel company Thyssen.

Births

• 8 January – Walther Bothe, German physicist (died 1957)
• 22 January – Bruno Loerzer, German aviator and air force general (died 1960)
• 24 January – Walter Model, German field marshal (died 1945)
• 27 January – Wilhelm Morgner, German painter (died 1917)
• 31 January – Kurt von Plettenberg, German forester (died 1945)
• 14 February – Erich Engel, film and theatre director (died 1966)
• 15 February – Josef Wintrich, German judge (died 1958)
• 17 February – Abraham Fraenkel, Israeli mathematician and Zionist (died 1965)
• 3 March – Fritz Rumey, German World War I fighter ace (died 1918)
• 11 March – Gertrud Wolle, German film actress (died 1952)
• 12 March – Hermann Stenner, German painter (died 1914)
• 24 March – Rudolf Berthold, German fighter pilot (died 1920)
• 28 March – Peter Suhrkamp, German publisher (died 1959)
• 2 April – Max Ernst, German painter (died 1976)
• 10 May – Anton Dostler, German general (died 1945)
• 13 May – Fritz Rasp, German actor (died 1976)
• 13 May – Wilhelm Weskamm, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church (died 1956)
• 16 May – Adolf Ritter von Tutschek, German fighter ace (died 1918)
• 18 May – Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher (died 1970)
• 22 May – Johannes R. Becher, German politician, poet and novelist (died 1958)
• 21 June - Hermann Scherchen, German conductor (died 1966)
• 14 July – Fritz Kampers, German actor (died 1950)
• 14 July – Werner Rittberger, German figure skater (died 1975)
• 29 July – Bernhard Zondek, Israeli gynecologist, developer of first reliable pregnancy test (died 1966)
• 7 August – Johannes Joseph van der Velden, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church (died 1954)
• 4 September – Fritz Todt, German engineer (died 1942)
• 16 September – Karl Dönitz, German admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II (died 1980)
• 22 September – Hans Albers, German actor (died 1960)
• 9 October – Kurt von Tippelskirch, German general (died 1957)
• 22 October – Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg, German politician and landowner (died 1958)
• 25 October – Karl Elmendorff, German conductor (died 1962)
• 14 November – Josef Magnus Wehner, German poet and playwright (died 1973)
• 15 November – Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (died 1944)
• 16 November – Julius Leber, German politician (died 1945)
• 2 December – Otto Dix, German painter and forced Volkssturm conscript (died 1969)
• 6 December – Gotthard Sachsenberg, German World War I naval aviator and fighter ace (died 1961)
• 10 December – Nelly Sachs, German poet and playwright (died 1970)
• 17 December – Karl Emil Schäfer, German World War I fighter ace (died 1917)

Deaths

• 26 January – Nicolaus Otto, German engineer and inventor (born 1832)
• 27 February – Karl Eduard Heusner, German admiral (born 1843)
• 14 March – Ludwig Windthorst, German politician (born 1812)
• 24 April – Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German field marshal, chief of staff of the Prussian Army for thirty years (born 1800)
• 22 May – Ernst Julius Hähnel, German sculptor (born 1811)
• 23 June – Wilhelm Eduard Weber, chemist (born 1804)
• 21 June – Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff, general (born 1832)
• 6 October – Charles I, King of Württemberg (born 1823)
• 14 December – Ferdinand von Roemer, German geologist (born 1818)
• 29 December – Leopold Kronecker, German mathematician (born 1823)

References

References

1. Freedman, Paul. (2007). "Food: The History of Taste". University of California Press.
2. McArdle, Megan. (2012-05-01). "Why You Can't Get a Taxi".