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1888 in Germany

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Events in the year 1888 in Germany, the 'Year of the Three Emperors'.

Incumbents

National level

  • Emperor:
    • William I (until 9 March)
    • Frederick III (9 March to 15 June)
    • Wilhelm II (since 15 June)
  • Chancellor – Otto von Bismarck

State level

Kingdoms

  • King of Bavaria – Otto
  • King of Prussia – William I to 9 March, then Frederick III to 15 June, then Wilhelm II
  • King of Saxony – Albert
  • King of Württemberg – Charles

Grand Duchies

  • Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I
  • Grand Duke of Hesse – Louis IV
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis III
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Frederick William
  • Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Peter II
  • Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Charles Alexander

Principalities

  • Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Principality of Lippe – Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
  • Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
  • Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
  • Waldeck and Pyrmont – George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

  • Duke of Anhalt – Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
  • Duke of Brunswick – Prince Albert of Prussia (regent)
  • Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  • Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Colonial Governors

  • Cameroon (Kamerun) – Eugen von Zimmerer (1st term) to 17 January, then Julius Freiherr von Soden (2nd term)
  • German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Karl Peters (administrator) to 8 February, then Hermann Wissmann (commissioner) (1st term)
  • German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Georg Freiherr von Schleinitz to 1 March, then Reinhold Kraetke (both Landeshauptleute of the German New Guinea Company)
  • German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Heinrich Ernst Göring (acting commissioner)
  • Togoland – Jesko von Puttkamer (acting commissioner) (1st term) to 17 October, then Eugen von Zimmerer (commissioner)
  • Wituland (Deutsch-Witu) – Gustav Denhardt (resident)

Events

  • 9 March – Emperor Wilhelm I dies at the age of 90 in Berlin. He is succeeded by his oldest son Friedrich Wilhelm, who becomes Friedrich III.
  • 16 April – The German Empire annexes the island of Nauru
  • 15 June – Wilhelm II becomes German Emperor after the death of his father, Friedrich III.
  • 13 December – Heinrich Hertz presents his report on the discovery of electromagnetic radiation to the Berlin Academy of Sciences

Literature

  • 'Theses on Feuerbach' by Karl Marx is published posthumously

Music

  • Johannes Brahms – Violin Sonata in D Minor (opus 108)
  • Max Reger – String Quartet in D minor (with double bass obbligato; without op.) (1888–89)
  • Joseph Rheinberger — Organ Sonata No. 12 in D-flat, Op. 154
  • Richard Strauss
    • Don Juan, Macbeth (first version)
  • Carl Maria von Weber's opera Die drei Pintos completed posthumously by Theodor Hell

Sport

  • Establishment of association football clubs BFC Germania, TGM SV Jügesheim and KBC Duisburg

Miscellaneous

  • First buildings of the Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil opened

Births

  • 14 January – Karl Badberger, architect (date of death unknown)
  • 17 February – Otto Stern, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (died 1969)
  • 27 February – Lotte Lehmann, German soprano (died 1976)
  • 4 March – Emma Richter, German paleontologist (died 1956)
  • 14 March:
    • Peretz Naftali, German-born Israeli politician (died 1961)
    • Hermann Reinecke, Wehrmacht general and convicted war criminal (died 1973)
  • 19 March – Josef Albers, German-American artist (died 1976)
  • 17 April – Herms Niel, German composer (died 1954)
  • 24 July – Hermann von Bönninghausen, German athlete and soldier in World War I (died 1919)
  • 25 July – Wilhelm Fritz von Roettig, German Waffen SS general (died 1939)
  • 4 September – Oskar Schlemmer, German painter, sculptor and choreographer (died 1943)
  • 20 December – Yitzhak Baer, Israeli historian (died 1980)

Deaths

  • 9 March – William I, Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia (born 1797)
  • 5 April – Eduard Karl August Riehm, German Protestant theologian (born 1830)
  • 16 April – Friedrich Grillo, German industrialist (born 1825)
  • 15 June – Frederick III, Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia (born 1831)
  • 20 June – Karl Friedrich August Kahnis, German Protestant theologian (born 1814)
  • 20 July – Paul Langerhans German pathologist, physiologist and biologist (born 1847)
  • 23 July – Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard, German Protestant theologian (born 1818)
  • 24 August – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist and mathematician (born 1822)
  • 28 August – Georg Beseler, German politician and jurist (born 1809)
  • 12 September – August von Werder, German general (born 1808)
  • 3 December – Carl Zeiss, German entrepreneur and scientist (born 1816)

References

References

  1. "Richter, Emma".
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