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1881 in Germany

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Events from the year 1881 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

  • Emperor – William I
  • Chancellor – Otto von Bismarck

State level

Kingdoms

  • King of Bavaria – Ludwig II
  • King of Prussia – William I
  • King of Saxony – Albert
  • King of Württemberg – Charles

Grand Duchies

  • Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I
  • Grand Duke of Hesse – Louis IV
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis II
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Frederick William
  • Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Peter II
  • Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Charles Alexander

Principalities

  • Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Principality of Lippe – Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
  • Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
  • Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
  • Waldeck and Pyrmont – George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

  • Duke of Anhalt – Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
  • Duke of Brunswick – William, Duke of Brunswick
  • Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
  • Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

Events

  • 31 March – last Anti-Socialist Law is passed by the German Reichstag.
  • 16 May – Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway, world's first electric tramway, starts in Berlin.
  • 25 September – in Meckesheim physician Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer performs the first modern Caesarean section, the transverse incision technique to minimise bleeding.
  • 27 October – German federal election, 1881

Births

  • 1 January – Hermann Schmitz, German industrialist (died 1960)
  • 4 January – Wilhelm Lehmbruck, German sculptor (died 1919)
  • 17 January – Karl Scharnagl, German politician (died 1963)
  • 16 February – Hans Vogel, German politician (died 1945)
  • 16 February – Hans Meiser, German Protestant theologian, pastor and first 'Landesbischof' of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria (died 1956)
  • 23 March – Hermann Staudinger, German chemist (died 1965)
  • 1 April – Wilhelm Sollmann, German journalist and politician (died 1951)
  • 3 April – Hans Kniep, German botanist (died 1930)
  • 19 April – Ernst Schneppenhorst, German politician (died 1945)
  • 2 May – Ernst Legal, German actor (died 1955)
  • 18 May – Erwin Madelung, German mathematician (died 1972)
  • 30 May – Georg von Küchler, German field marshal (died 1968)
  • 31 May – Heinrich Burger, German figure skater (died 1942)
  • 9 June – Felix von Luckner, German author, sailor and nobleman (died 1966)
  • 24 June – Heinz Tietjen, German conductor (died 1967)
  • 24 June – Martin Salomonski, German rabbi (killed 1944)
  • 29 June – Gottlob Walz, German diver (died 1943)
  • 27 July – Hans Fischer, German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (died 1945)
  • 28 July – Günther Quandt, German industrialist (died 1954)
  • 8 August – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal (died 1954)
  • 26 August – Franz Gürtner, German jurist and politician (died 1941)
  • 4 October – Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (died 1948)
  • 9 October – Friedrich Syrup, German politician (died 1945)
  • 12 November – Ulrich von Hassell, German diplomat (died 1944)
  • 12 November – Maximilian von Weichs, German field marshal (died 1954)
  • 2 December – Heinrich Barkhausen, German physicist (died 1956)
  • 4 December – Erwin von Witzleben, German officer (died 1944)
  • 15 December – Eugen Bolz, German politician (died 1945)
  • 25 December – Christian Hülsmeyer, German inventor, physicist and entrepreneur (died 1957)
  • 31 December – Max Pechstein, German painter (died 1955)

Deaths

  • 7 April – Johann Hinrich Wichern, German religious leader (born 1808)
  • 15 May – Franz von Dingelstedt, German poet and dramatist (born 1814)
  • 2 June – Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg, German diplomat (born 1815)
  • 23 June – Matthias Jakob Schleiden, German botanist (born 1804)
  • 10 July – Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect (born 1812)
  • 11 October – Friedrich Hitzig, German architect (born 1811)

References

References

  1. "Wilhelm Lehmbruck". [[Encyclopædia Britannica]].
  2. "Hermann Staudinger". [[Encyclopædia Britannica]].
  3. "Hans Fischer". [[Encyclopædia Britannica]].
  4. "Eugen Bolz". [[German Resistance Memorial Center]].
  5. "Friedrich Hitzig". [[Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek]].
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