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1868 Hayward earthquake

1868 earthquake in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States

Field	Value
name	1868 Hayward earthquake
pre-1900	yes
image	1868 Alameda County Courthouse Hayward earthquake damage.png
caption	Damage to the Alameda County courthouse with inset showing building before the earthquake
map2	{{Location map+	USA California
{{Location map~	California	lat	37.7	long=-122.1	mark=Bullseye1.png	marksize=40}}
{{Location map~	California	lat	38.45	long=-122.7	label=Santa Rosa	label_size=100	position=top	mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~	California	lat	36.97	long=-122.02	label=Santa Cruz	label_size=100	position=bottom	mark=Green pog.svg}}
relief	yes
width	250
float	right
caption	}}
anss-url	ushis139
timestamp	1868-10-21 15:53
local-date
local-time	07:53
magnitude	6.3–6.7
location
fault	Hayward Fault Zone
type	Strike-slip
affected	San Francisco Bay Area
California
United States
damage	$350,000 / Moderate
intensity
pga
casualties	30

| pre-1900 = yes | anss-url = ushis139 | local-date = | local-time = 07:53 California United States

The 1868 Hayward earthquake occurred in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States on October 21. With an estimated moment magnitude of 6.3–6.7 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), it was the most recent large earthquake to occur on the Hayward Fault Zone. It caused significant damage and a number of deaths throughout the region, and was known as the "Great San Francisco earthquake" prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.

Earthquake

The earthquake occurred at 7:53 a.m. on October 21, 1868. Its epicenter was likely located near Hayward, California, and its magnitude has been estimated to have been 6.3–6.7 on the moment magnitude scale. At the surface, ground rupture was traced for 20 miles, from San Leandro to what is now the Warm Springs District in Fremont.

Damage

The town of Hayward experienced the most damage, with nearly every building destroyed or significantly damaged in the earthquake. The Alameda County Courthouse in San Leandro was destroyed, which resulted in the re-location of the County Seat to Oakland, its current site. The adobe chapel of Mission San José in what is now Fremont was also destroyed, as were several buildings in San Jose, San Francisco and throughout Alameda County. Damage was reported from Santa Rosa in the north to Gilroy and Santa Cruz in the south. Thirty deaths were attributed to the earthquake.

Intensity

The United States Geological Survey estimates that Hayward experienced shaking measuring IX (Violent) on the modified Mercalli scale. San Leandro experienced shaking measuring VIII (Severe), while San Francisco and Oakland experienced shaking measuring VII (Very strong).

References

(1993). "Historic Earthquakes: Hayward, California, 1868 October 21 15:53 UTC". United States Geological Survey.
(17 October 2007). "The 1868 Hayward Earthquake: 139 years and counting...". United States Geological Survey, Association of Bay Area Governments, Hayward Area Historical and Society Museum, Vice Mayor-City of Hayward.
(2015). "The 1868 Hayward Fault, California, Earthquake: Implications for Earthquake Scaling Relations on Partially Creeping Faults". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS). (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". [[National Geophysical Data Center]], [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(1993). "Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised)". [[United States Government Printing Office]].

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

earthquakes-in-california 1868-earthquakes history-of-the-san-francisco-bay-area 1868-in-california history-of-hayward,-california october-1868 1868-natural-disasters-in-the-united-states

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