1858 San Diego hurricane

Meteorological history

In late September 1858, a hurricane formed over the eastern Pacific Ocean, concurrent with a moderate El Niño event spanning 1857–58. Unlike most east Pacific storms, this one accelerated toward the north-northeast. On October 2, it neared Southern California while weakening, due to cool sea surface temperatures and strong wind shear. The hurricane just missed making landfall, while turning to the west-northwest. The storm approached Santa Catalina Island in the Channel Islands and dissipated later on that day. There is some uncertainty to this reconstructed path.

Impact

In San Diego, heavy rain fell, and property damage was significant; many homes lost their roofs, and a few even collapsed. In addition, trees were uprooted, and fences destroyed. Strong winds blew through the city for much of the day of October 2, with rain following after. A recently constructed windmill was also blown away completely, and the lighthouse keeper at Point Loma fled the lighthouse, fearing it would collapse in the gale. Three schooners, the Plutus, the Lovely Flora, and the X.L., were blown ashore, although only the X.L. suffered major damage.

Rainfall in San Pedro was also heavy, but high winds were not reported. Parts of the embankment in the city were washed away, causing only around US$100 ($3,100.02 in 2019) in damage. The yacht Medora was washed ashore. Many reports claimed that the yacht was irreparable, but it was later claimed that the damage was not serious and could be repaired. A barge was destroyed, as was a large portion of the San Pedro wharf.

El Monte was buffeted by high winds, damaging corn crops and trees. Los Angeles and Visalia noted large amounts of rain, as much as 7 in, but wind strength as low.

Two researchers with NOAA, Michael Chenoweth and Christopher Landsea reconstructed the path of the hurricane using accounts from newspapers of the strong winds. They estimated that if a similar storm were to have hit in 2004, it would have caused around US$500 million in damage.

Records

The hurricane was the only hurricane in recorded history known to impact California. Due to the cold water California Current tropical cyclones typically weaken, diminishing the storms' strength below the tropical storm level.

References

References

1. (2004). "The San Diego Hurricane of 2 October 1858". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.
2. "Remembering the San Diego Hurricane of 1858 {{!}} The Weather Channel - Articles from The Weather Channel {{!}} weather.com".
3. (1992). "The Historical record of El Niño events in Climate since AD 1500".
4. Patzert, Bill. (October 17, 2012). "Could a Hurricane Ever Strike Southern California?". National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
5. "The History of San Diego: The Silver Dons, 1833-1865". Copley Press.
6. Chenoweth, Michael; Landsea, Chris (2005-01-11). The San Diego Hurricane of October 2, 1858. AMS Forum: Living in the Coastal Zone, 11 January 2005. Retrieved from https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/presentations/ams-sandiego.ppt#14.
7. (2022-09-09). "Hurricane or tropical storm in California? It's not impossible".
8. Chenoweth, Michael. (27 June 2004). "The San Diego Hurricane of 2 October 1858". American Meteor.