17th G7 summit

Leaders at the summit

The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The 17th G7 summit was the first summit for British Prime Minister John Major. It was also the last summit for Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti and Japanese Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu.

Participants

These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:

The formal order of this section mirrors the order of the Muskoka 2010 G8 official website -- see http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/

This format order is also congruent with "Summit Meetings of the Past" at the website of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs -- see http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html

• Canada
• France
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
• United Kingdom
• USA

• European Union

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Major sent a letter to other members of the G7, asking for their permission to invite Mikhail Gorbachev, who has been pressing to come to London to plead for more Western economic support for his country. Pressure to invite Gorbachev had come mainly from the leaders of France, Germany, and Italy who have made public appeals for him to be invited to attend; but Britain sent the official invitation inviting the Soviet Union to participate. A wry comment which was oft repeated during the summit was that G7 had become the G8½ with the participation of the European Community and the meetings with Gorbachev.

Issues

The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions. In anticipation of this conference, a new 35-foot-long table was built for the Long Gallery, where the main negotiating sessions were planned to unfold. Issues which were discussed at this summit included:

• Economic Policy
• International Trade
• Energy
• Central and Eastern Europe
• The Soviet Union
• The Middle East
• The Developing Countries and Debt
• Environment
• Drugs
• Migration

Accomplishments

In 1991, the summit leaders proclaimed "concern" about protecting existing forests, but there is little evidence of follow-up action.

Gallery of participating leaders

Core G7 participants

File:Brian Mulroney (cropped).jpg|Canada Canada Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister File:President François Mitterrand in 1983.jpg|France France François Mitterrand, President File:Helmut Kohl (1996) cropped.jpg|Germany Germany Helmut Kohl, Chancellor File:Giulio Andreotti (cropped).jpg|Italy Italy Giulio Andreotti, Prime Minister File:Toshiki Kaifu 19890810.jpg|Japan Japan Toshiki Kaifu, Prime Minister File:Major PM full (cropped).jpg|United Kingdom United Kingdom John Major, Prime Minister (Host) File:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped 2).jpg|United States United States George H. W. Bush, President File:Jacques Delors (cropped).jpg|EU European Union Jacques Delors, Commission President File:Ruud Lubbers 1985.jpg|EU European Union Ruud Lubbers, Council President

Guest Invitees

File:RIAN archive 850809 General Secretary of the CPSU CC M. Gorbachev (cropped).jpg|USSR Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, President

Notes

References

• Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. ; OCLC 43186692
• Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. ; ;

References

1. Japan, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] ([[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). MOFA]]): [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit Meetings in the Past.]
2. Saunders, Doug. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders,"] {{webarchive. link. (2008-10-11 ''Globe and Mail'' (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the [[G8). Group of Eight]] ([[G8#History. G7]]) with the inclusion of [[Russia]] starting in 1997.
3. Reuters: [https://web.archive.org/web/20081023185037/http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKB26280520080703?sp=true "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?"], July 3, 2008.
4. Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC&dq=G7+summit&pg=PA205 ''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations,'' p. 205.]
5. Rieffel, Lex. [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV),"] {{webarchive. link. (June 3, 2010 Brookings. March 27, 2009; [http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site).] {{webarchive). link. (June 2, 2010)
6. MOFA: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit (17)]; [[European Union]]: [http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php "EU and the G8"] {{webarchive. link. (2007-02-26)
7. Schmidt, William E. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0DA1E3FF934A35755C0A967958260&scp=1&sq=g8+summit+canada+&st=nyt "Britain Is Proposing to Invite Gorbachev to London Talks,"] ''New York Times.'' June 7, 1991.
8. Apple, R.W. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFD61430F936A25754C0A967958260&sec=&spon=&&scp=1&sq=1978%20summit%20G7%20&st=cse "Reporter's Notebook; British Hosts, Being British, Plan an Understated Splendor,"] ''New York Times.'' July 15, 1991.
9. [[Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan