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1705 English general election

General election in England

Field	Value
country	Kingdom of England
type	parliamentary
ongoing	no
previous_election	1702 English general election
previous_year	1702
next_election	1708 British general election
next_year	1708 (GB)
seats_for_election	All 513 seats in the House of Commons
majority_seats	257
election_date	7 May – 6 June 1705
image_upright	0.7
<!-- Tory -->	image1	File:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, Captain-General of the English forces and Master-General of the Ordnance, 1702 (c), attributed to Michael Dahl 91996.jpg
leader1	Duke of Marlborough
party1	Tories (British political party)
seats1	260
seat_change1	38
percentage1
image2
leader2	Whig Junto
party2	Whigs (British political party)
seats2	233
seat_change2	49
percentage2
map_image	House of Commons elected members, 1705.svg
map_caption	House of Commons after election (Whigs-orange, Tories-blue)
elected_members	List of members of the House of Commons at Westminster 1705–1708

(Baron Somers, Charles Montagu, Thomas Wharton)

English Parliament of General Election 1705

The 1705 English general election saw contests in 110 constituencies in England and Wales, roughly 41% of the total. The election was fiercely fought, with mob violence and cries of "Church in Danger" occurring in several boroughs. During the previous session of Parliament the Tories had become increasingly unpopular, and their position was therefore somewhat weakened by the election, particularly by the Tackers controversy. Due to the uncertain loyalty of a group of 'moderate' Tories led by Robert Harley, the parties were roughly balanced in the House of Commons following the election, encouraging the Whigs to demand a greater share in the government led by Marlborough.

This was the final election to be held in the Kingdom of England.

Summary of the constituencies

See 1796 British general election for details. The constituencies used in England and Wales were the same throughout the period. In 1707 alone the 45 Scottish members were not elected from the constituencies, but were returned by co-option in a part of the membership of the last Parliament of Scotland elected before the Acts of Union 1707.

Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown.

Involved parties

In 1705 the House of Commons was controlled by two parties: the Tory party led by John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, and the Whig party led by a group of leading party members known as the Whig Junto. The four members of the Whig Junto were John Somers, Charles Montagu, Thomas Wharton, and Edward Russell.

Overview of 18th-century British politics

The politics of Britain in 1705 was chaotic. The government was very decentralised and led to unrest in the general population. This led to the mob violence that occurred during this election process across the country.

References

Redlich, Josef. "The Procedure of the House of Commons: A Study of Its History and Present Form." (1903).
Bradlaugh, Charles. "John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough: The Mob, the Scum, and the Dregs." (1884).
O'Gorman, Frank. "The long eighteenth century: British political and social history 1688-1832." (2016).

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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