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1690 in science

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The year 1690 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

  • Giovanni Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiter's atmosphere.
  • December – Earliest recorded sightings of the planet Uranus, by John Flamsteed, who mistakenly catalogues it as the star 34 Tauri.

Geography

  • Franciscan Vincenzo Coronelli publishes the first folio of his atlas Atlante Veneto.

Botany

  • French horticulturalist Jean-Baptiste de La Quintinie's Instruction pour les jardins fruitiers et potagers is published posthumously.

Mathematics

  • Izeki Tomotoki of Osaka publishes Sampo-Hakki (算法発揮), in which he gives the resultant and the Laplace expansion of the determinant for the n×n case. At about this date, Tanaka Yoshizane also describes and applies the resultant, in Sampo-Funkai (算法紛解).
  • Michel Rolle publishes Traité d'Algebre, in which he gives the first published description in Europe of Gaussian elimination.

Medicine

  • Justine Siegemund publishes Die Chur-Brandenburgische Hof-Wehemutter ("The Court Midwife"), the first medical textbook in German written by a woman.

Technology

  • February 3 – America's first paper money is printed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
  • A rudimentary working model of a liquid compass is introduced by Sir Edmond Halley at a meeting of the Royal Society.
  • French physicist Denis Papin, while in Leipzig and having observed the mechanical power of atmospheric pressure on his 'digester', builds a working model of a reciprocating steam engine for pumping water, the first of its kind, though not efficient.

Births

  • March 18 – Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician (died 1764)

Deaths

  • February 3 – Elizabeth Walker, English pharmacist (born 1623)
  • October 13 – Ole Borch, Danish polymath (born 1626)
  • October 22 (bur.) – William Ball, English astronomer (born c. 1631)
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