15th G7 summit

Leaders at the summit

The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The 15th G7 summit was the first summit for US President George H. W. Bush and was the last summit for Italian Prime Minister Ciriaco De Mita. It was also the first and only summit for Japanese Prime Minister Sōsuke Uno.

Participants

These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:

The format order of this section mirrors the order of the Muskoka 2010 G8 official website -- see http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/

This format order is also congruent with "Summit Meetings of the Past" at website of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs -- see http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html

• Canada
• France
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
• United Kingdom
• USA

• European Union

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The heads of state and government of over a dozen developing countries were also represented at this summit gathering in Paris.

Issues

The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions. Issues which were discussed at this summit included:

• International Economic Situation
• International Monetary Developments and Coordination
• Improving Economic Efficiency
• Trade Issues
• General Problems of Development
• The Situation in the Poorest Countries
• Strengthened Debt Strategy for the Heavily Indebted Countries
• Environment
• Drug Issues
• International Cooperation against AIDS

Gallery of participating leaders

Core G7 participants

File:Brian Mulroney (cropped).jpg|Canada Canada Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister File:President François Mitterrand in 1983.jpg|France France François Mitterrand, President (Host) File:Helmut Kohl (1996) cropped.jpg|West Germany West Germany Helmut Kohl, Chancellor File:Ciriaco De Mita (X).jpg|Italy Italy Ciriaco De Mita, Prime Minister File:Sosuke Uno 19890603.jpg|Japan Japan Sōsuke Uno, Prime Minister File:Margaret Thatcher (1983).jpg|United Kingdom United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister File:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped 2).jpg|United States United States George H. W. Bush, President File:Jacques Delors (cropped).jpg|EU European Union Jacques Delors, Commission President

Accomplishments

While the agenda-setting or parameter-setting functions of the summit are important, the associated action or inaction which comes afterwards is important as well. These remain conceptually distinct aspects of the G7 summits.

A symbol of the mixed legacy of this summit is the Grande Arche itself. The total expenditure on the building reached 3.74 billion francs, all but 5.7 percent of which was covered by private investors, with the state remaining owner of the roof area; and yet, in 2001, parts of the facade were falling off. A Frommer's review in 2010 characterizes it as a "politician's folly."

In 1989, the summit leaders called for "adoption of sustainable forest management practices, with a view to preserving the scale of the world's forests," but there is little evidence of follow-up action.

Notes

References

• Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. ; OCLC 43186692
• Hajnal, Peter I. (1999). The G8 system and the G20 : Evolution, Role and Documentation. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. ;
• Kokotsis, Eleonore. (1999). Keeping International Commitments: Compliance, Credibility, and the G7, 1988-1995. New York: Garland Publishing. ;
• Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. ; ;

References

1. Japan, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] ([[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). MOFA]]): [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit Meetings in the Past.]
2. "James, Barry. [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/01/news/01iht-arc_.html?scp=1&sq=grande%20arche%201989&st=cse For the Grande Arche, Not-So-Grand Notices,"] ''New York Times.'' July 1, 1991.
3. Hajnal, Peter I. (1999). {{Google books. Bi5JO7FFk7UC. ''The G8 System and the G20: Evolution, Role and Documentation,'' p. 32.
4. Saunders, Doug. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders,"] {{webarchive. link. (2008-10-11 ''Globe and Mail'' (Toronto). July 5, 2008.)
5. Reuters: [https://web.archive.org/web/20081023185037/http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKB26280520080703?sp=true "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?"], July 3, 2008.
6. Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC&dq=G7+summit&pg=PA205 ''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations,'' p. 205.]
7. Rieffel, Lex. [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV),"] {{webarchive. link. (June 3, 2010 Brookings. March 27, 2009; [http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site).] {{webarchive). link. (June 2, 2010)
8. MOFA: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit (15)]; [[European Union]]: [http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php "EU and the G8"] {{webarchive. link. (2007-02-26)
9. Markham, James M. [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/18/world/all-french-divided-over-how-to-do-the-fete.html?scp=25&sq= "All French Divided Over How to Do the Fete,"] ''New York Times.'' June 18, 1989; [http://www.economist.com/research/economics/alphabetic.cfm?letter= "G7, G8, G10, G21, G22, G26," ''The Economist.''] retrieved July 5, 2010.
10. Kokotsis, Eleonore. (1999). {{Google books. L4Ge3R3Wf0wC. ''Keeping International Commitments: Compliance, Credibility, and the G7, 1988-1995,'' p. 32 n. 13.
11. Knorr, Katherine. [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/03/news/03iht-mitt_ed3_.html?scp=31&sq=grande%20arche&st=cse "Reassessing Mitterrand's Legacy : Of Monuments—and Monumental Errors,"] ''New York Times.'' May 3, 2001.
12. [http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/europe/france/paris/25315/la-grande-arche-de-la-defense/attraction-detail.html?scp=1&sq=grande%20arche&st=cse "La Grande Arche de La Défense,"] ''New York Times.'' accessed 5 July 2010.
13. [[Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan