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152 mm gun M1910/30

Field	Value
name	152 mm gun model 1910/30
image	152mm m1930 hameenlinna 1.jpg
image_size	300
caption	Soviet 152-mm gun M1910/30 howitzer, displayed at The Artillery Museum of Finland.
type	Field gun
origin	Soviet Union
is_ranged	yes
is_artillery	yes
manufacturer	Krasniy Putilovets, Barrikady, Bolshevik
number	152
weight	combat: 2,580 kg
(5,688 lb)
travel: 3,230 kg
(7,121 lb)
part_length	4.335 m L/29
(without muzzle brake)
caliber	152.4 mm
rate	2-4 rpm
velocity	570-660 m/s depending on charge/projectile
max_range	9,850 m
breech	Interrupted screw
recoil	Hydro-pneumatic
carriage	Single trail
elevation	-6° / 39°
traverse	4°

(5,688 lb) travel: 3,230 kg (7,121 lb) (without muzzle brake)

152 mm gun model 1910/30 was a Soviet field gun, a modernization of World War I era 152 mm siege gun M1910. The gun was briefly used by Red Army in the Eastern Front of World War II.

Description

M1910/30 was powerful long range gun with big (40°) maximum elevation. It was equipped with interrupted screw breechblock and recoil system consisting of hydraulic buffer and hydro-pneumatic recuperator. The carriage was of single trail type and had metal wheels with solid tires. The crew was protected by 7 mm shield.

In transportation, the barrel was removed and transported separately. It took some 10–15 minutes to set the gun up for combat and up to 23 minutes to make it ready for transportation.

Development and production history

The gun resulted from a modernization of the 152-mm siege gun M1910, initially developed by Schneider. The upgrading project was prepared by the design bureau of the Main Artillery Directorate, its main purpose was to increase range. The changes included:

Lengthened chamber
Mounting of muzzle brake
Reduced (from 1,000 mm to 950 mm) recoil distance
The trail was lengthened (to 2 m)
Trunnion rings were moved 50 mm forward In 1930 the modernized gun was adopted as 152-mm gun model 1910/30 ().

The production began in 1930 at Krasniy Putilovets plant. Later Barrikady and Bolshevik plants joined the production effort. In addition to newly built pieces, all existing M1910 guns were converted to the new standard; the conversion was finished by 1 November 1936.

Since the upgrade of 1930 didn't address a problem of limited mobility, in 1934 additional modernization was performed, resulting in 152-mm gun M1910/34. In 1935 the production of M1910/30 was stopped.

Organization and service

According to Red Army organization, 152-mm guns were employed by corps artillery and by the Reserve of the Main Command, typically instead of 152-mm gun-howitzer M1937 (ML-20). Heavy gun regiments of Reserve of the Main Command had 24 pieces each.

At the outbreak of Operation Barbarossa (Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union) in June 1941, the Red Army possessed some 120–150 M1910/30s. They undoubtfully saw combat in the war, though due to their limited number the details of their service are unknown.

One piece was captured by the Finnish Army. That gun is currently on display in Hämeenlinna The Artillery Museum of Finland. The Germans assigned the M1910/30 the designation 15.2cm K 438(r).

Summary

The M1910/30 was a result of limited modernization of World War I era weapon, which didn't address its insufficient mobility (due to lack of suspension and separate transportation of barrel) and limited traverse.

On the other hand, the Red Army liked the ballistic characteristics of the gun. Subsequent modernizations, which concentrated mostly on the gun carriage, resulted in improved M1910/34 and eventually in the famous ML-20.

Ammunition

Ammunition table

Model (en)	Model (ru)	Type	Weight, shell	Weight, HE-filler	Muzzle velocity	Range	Note	Armor-piercing shells
mod. M1915/28	обр. 1915/28 гг.	SAPHE	nav.	51.07 kg	3.20 kg	573 m/s	5000 m
BR-540	БР-540	APHE		48.80 kg	0.66 kg	600 m/s	4000 m
BR-540B	БР-540Б	APHE-BC	–	46.50 kg	0.48 kg	600 m/s	4000 m	BR-540 with ballistic cap, late 1944
BP-540	БП-540	HEAT	–	27.44 kg	?	680 m/s	3000 m
G-530	Г-530	AC	how.	40.00 kg	5.10 kg	665 m/s	15600 m
G-530Sh	Г-530Ш	AC-F	how.	40.00 kg	4.89 kg	665 m/s	15600 m
G-545	Г-545	AC	cnn.	56.00 kg	4.20 kg	?	?
OF-530	ОФ-530	HEF (ST)	how.	40.00 kg	5.47 kg min.	?	?
OF-530A	ОФ-530А	HEF (CS)	how.	40.00 kg	5.66 kg	?	?
OF-540	ОФ-540	HEF (ST)	cnn.	43.60 kg	5.90 kg min.	650 m/s	16800 m
OF-540Zh	ОФ-540Ж	HEF (ST)	cnn.	43.60 kg	5.90 kg min.	?	?
F-521	Ф-521	HE	how.	41.70 kg	7.70 kg	?	?	[152 mm mortar M1931 (NM)](152-mm-mortar-m1931-nm) shell
F-531	Ф-531	HE (ST)	how.	44.91 kg	5.70 kg	?	?	152 mm Vickers howitzer shell
F-533	Ф-533	HE	how.	40.41 kg	8.00 kg	?	?
F-533K	Ф-533К	HE	how.	40.68 kg	7.30 kg	?	?
F-533N	Ф-533Н	HE	how.	41.00 kg	7.30 kg	?	?
F-533U	Ф-533У	HE	how.	40.80 kg	8.80 kg	?	?
F-534F	Ф-534Ф	HE (CS)	how.	41.10 kg	3.90 kg	?	?
F-542	Ф-542	HE (OP)	cnn.	38.10 kg	5.86 kg	660 m/s	13800 m
F-542Sh	Ф-542Ш	HE (RP)	cnn.	40.60 kg	6.06 kg	650 m/s	12800 m
F-542G	Ф-542Г	HE (OP)	cnn.	38.52 kg	5.83 kg	?	?
F-542ShG	Ф-542ШГ	HE (RP)	cnn.	41.00 kg	5.93 kg	?	?
F-542U	Ф-542У	HE (OP)	cnn.	38.36 kg	5.77 kg	?	?
F-542ShU	Ф-542ШУ	HE (RP)	cnn.	40.86 kg	5.96 kg	?	?
Sh-501	Ш-501	shrapnel	–	41.16 kg min.	0.50 kg	?	?	680–690 shots, 45 sec fuze
Sh-501T	Ш-501Т	shrapnel	–	41.16 kg	0.50 kg	?	?	680–690 shots, suffix: Т-6 fuze
S 1	С 1	star shell	–	40.20 kg	?	?	?	illumination, 40 sec
HS-530	ХС-530	C	how.	38.80 kg	?	?	?
HN-530	ХН-530	C	how.	39.10 kg	?	?	?
OH-540	ОХ-540	HE-C	cnn.	?	?	?	?
ZHZ	ЗХЗ	C		?	?	?	?
Main source:

Ammunition abbreviations

;English abbreviations:

AC – anti-concrete
AC-F – anti-concrete fragmentation
APHE – armour-piercing high-explosive
APHE-BC – armour-piercing high-explosive ballistic-capped
cnn. – cannon shell
(CS) – cast steel shell
how. – howitzer shell
HE – high-explosive
HE-C – high-explosive chemical
HEF – high-explosive fragmentation
HEAT – high-explosive anti-tank
max. – maximum
min. – minimum
nav. – naval shell
(OP) – ogive point shell (остроголовая граната)
(RP) – round point shell (тупоголовая граната)
SAPHE – semi armour-piercing high-explosive
(ST) – steel shell

;Russian abbreviations:

БР – prefix: бронебойные (armour-piercing)
БП – prefix: бронебойный противотанковый (armour-piercing anti-tank)
Г – prefix: гаубичный (howitzer) or граната (shell)
Ж suffix: – железокерамическим пояском (cermet driving band)
ЗХЗ – prefix: зона химического заражения (zone of chemical contamination)
обр. – о́браз (mod)
ОФ – prefix: осколочно фугасный (fragmentation high-explosive)
ОХ – prefix: осколочно химический (fragmentation chemical)
С – prefix: световой (luminous)
Ф – prefix: фугасный (high-explosive) – suffix: французский (French)
ХН – prefix: химический нестойкими (chemical unstable)
ХС – prefix: химический стойкими (chemical persistent)
Ш – prefix: шрапнель (shrapnel shell) – suffix: шрапнель (shrapnel)

Armour penetration table

Distance	60° impact angle	90° impact angle
0,500 m	105 mm	125 mm
1000 m	95 mm	115 mm
1500 m	85 mm	105 mm
2000 m	75 mm	90 mm
0,500 m	105 mm	130 mm
1000 m	100 mm	120 mm
1500 m	95 mm	115 mm
2000 m	85 mm	105 mm
0,100 m	110 mm	136 mm
0,500 m	104 mm	128 mm
1000 m	97 mm	119 mm
1500 m	91 mm	111 mm
2000 m	95 mm	105 mm
This data was obtained by Soviet methodics of armour penetration measurement (penetration probability equals 75%).
It is not directly comparable with western data of similar type. Main source:

Notes

References

Shirokorad A. B. – Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery – Mn. Harvest, 2000 (Широкорад А. Б. Энциклопедия отечественной артиллерии. — Мн.: Харвест, 2000., )
Ivanov A. – Artillery of the USSR in Second World War – SPb Neva, 2003 (Иванов А. Артиллерия СССР во Второй Мировой войне. — СПб., Издательский дом Нева, 2003., )
Shunkov V. N. – The Weapons of the Red Army – Mn. Harvest, 1999 (Шунков В. Н. – Оружие Красной Армии. — Мн.: Харвест, 1999., )

References

121 according to http://www.soldat.ru/doc/mobilization/mob/table17.html, 150 according to Ivanov
Chamberlain, Peter. (1975). "Heavy artillery". Arco.
"152mm G-530 Projectile".
Shirokorad A. B. – Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery
Shirokorad A. B. – Encyclopedia of the Soviet Artillery

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