1391

Events

January–December

• June 6 – Massacre of 1391: Anti-Jewish pogroms erupt in Seville, Spain. Many thousands of Jews are massacred, and the violence spreads throughout Spain and Portugal, especially to Toledo, Barcelona and Mallorca. This event marks a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews, with most of the survivors leaving the Iberian Peninsula or being forced to convert.
• July 18 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war – Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde, in present day southeast Russia.

Date unknown

• Manuel II Palaiologos becomes Byzantine emperor after his father, John V Palaiologos, dies of a nervous breakdown, due to his continued humiliation by the Ottoman Empire.
• Yusuf II succeeds Muhammed V, as Nasrid Sultan of Granada (now southern Spain).
• Stephen Dabiša succeeds Stephen Tvrtko I, as King of Bosnia.
• Shah Mansur becomes leader of the Timurid-occupied Muzaffarid Empire, in central Persia.
• A group of Muzaffarids under Zafar Khan Muzaffar establish a new Sultanate at Gujarat, in western India.
• Vytautas the Great, claimant to the throne of Lithuania, forms an alliance with Muscovy.
• Roman I succeeds Petru, as Prince of Moldavia (now Moldova and northeastern Romania).
• Konrad von Wallenrode succeeds Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein, as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
• Bridget of Sweden is canonized by Pope Boniface IX.
• Ushkuinik pirates from Novgorod sack the Muscovy towns of Zhukotin and Kazan.
• The Chinese invent toilet paper for use by their emperors.
• Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, takes control of the Shetland Islands and the Faroe Islands.
• The University of Ferrara is founded on the Italian Peninsula.
• The Ming government orders 50 million trees planted in the Nanjing area.

Births

• June 24 – Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany (d. 1433)
• July 31 – Cyriacus of Ancona, Italian merchant, "father of archaeology" (d. 1453/5)
• October 31 – Edward, King of Portugal (d. 1438)
• November 6 – Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (d. 1425)
• Gedun Drub, 1st Dalai Lama (d. 1474)
• Thomas West, 2nd Baron West, English soldier (d. 1415)

Deaths

• January 16 – Emir Muhammed V of Granada (b. 1338)
• February 16 – John V Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1332)
• March 10 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia (b. 1338)
• November 1 – Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy (b. 1360)
• Gaston III, Count of Foix, co-prince of Andorra
• date unknown
  • Petru, Prince of Moldavia
  • Margaret, Countess of Mar (approximate date)

References

References

1. (1994). "Jewish-Christian Encounters Over the Centuries: Symbiosis, Prejudice, Holocaust, Dialogue". P. Lang.
2. Tucker, Spencer C.. (2009-12-23). "A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East". ABC-CLIO.
3. Barker, John W.. (1969). "Manuel II Palaeologus (1391-1425); a study in late Byzantine statesmanship". Rutgers University Press.
4. Grendler, Paul F.. (2004-09-29). "The Universities of the Italian Renaissance". JHU Press.