12th G7 summit

Leaders at the summit

The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The 12th G7 summit was the last summit for Italian Prime Minister Bettino Craxi.

Participants

These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:

The format order of this section mirrors the order of the Muskoka 2010 G8 official website -- see http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/

This format order is also congruent with "Summit Meetings of the Past" at website of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs -- see http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html

• Canada
• France
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
• United Kingdom
• USA

• European Union

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Issues

The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.

Gallery of participating leaders

Core G7 participants

File:Brian Mulroney (cropped).jpg|Canada Canada Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister File:President François Mitterrand in 1983.jpg|France France François Mitterrand, President File:Helmut Kohl (1996) cropped.jpg|Germany Germany Helmut Kohl, Chancellor File:Bettino Craxi Official Portrait.jpg|Italy Italy Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister File:Yasuhiro Nakasone 19821127.jpg|Japan Japan Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister (Host) File:Margaret Thatcher (1983).jpg|United Kingdom United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister File:Ronald Reagan 1985 presidential portrait (cropped).jpg| United States United States Ronald Reagan, President File:Jacques Delors (cropped).jpg|EU European Community Jacques Delors, Commission President File:Ruud Lubbers 1985.jpg|EU European Community Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands, rotating Council President

Notes

References

• Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. ; OCLC 43186692( 2009-04-29)
• Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. ; ;

References

1. Cabinet Office, Government of Japan; [http://www8.cao.go.jp/geihinkan/akasaka/akasaka-e.html State Guest House, Akasaka Palace] {{Webarchive. link. (2013-11-04 ; retrieved 2013-6-19.)
2. Japan, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] ([[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). MOFA]]): [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit Meetings in the Past.]
3. Saunders, Doug. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders,"] {{Webarchive. link. (2008-10-11 ''Globe and Mail'' (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the [[G8). Group of Eight]] ([[G8#History. G7]]) with the inclusion of [[Russia]] starting in 1997.
4. Reuters: [https://web.archive.org/web/20081023185037/http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKB26280520080703?sp=true "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?"], July 3, 2008.
5. Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC&dq=G7+summit&pg=PA205 ''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations,'' p. 205.]
6. Rieffel, Lex. [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV),"] {{webarchive. link. (June 3, 2010 Brookings. March 27, 2009; [http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site).] {{webarchive). link. (June 2, 2010)
7. MOFA: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit (12)]; [[European Union]]: [http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php "EU and the G8"] {{webarchive. link. (2007-02-26)