1190s in England

Incumbents

• Monarch – Richard I (to 6 April 1199), then John

Events

• 1190
  • 6 February – massacre of almost all Jews in Norwich.
  • 7 March – massacre of Jews at Stamford Fair.
  • 16 March – a mob besieges 150 Jews in York Castle, killing those who do not commit suicide.
  • 18 March – massacre of 57 Jews at Bury St. Edmunds.
  • 4 July – Kings Richard I of England and Philip II of France set out from France to join the Third Crusade.
  • Summer – William Longchamp arrests his co-regent Hugh de Puiset and rules alone as Lord Chancellor, Justiciar, and papal legate.
  • First known foreign scholar commences study at what will become the University of Oxford, Emo of Friesland.
• 1191
  • 12 May – Richard I marries Berengaria of Navarre on Cyprus; she will never visit England during his lifetime.
  • 12 July – Third Crusade: Siege of Acre ends with a crusader victory led by Philip II and Richard I.
  • 7 September – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf.
  • October – Prince John of England deposes William Longchamp.
  • 27 November – Reginald fitz Jocelin elected Archbishop of Canterbury but dies before being consecrated.
  • Monks at Glastonbury Abbey claim to have found the tomb of King Arthur and Queen Guinevere.
• 1192
  • 5 August – Third Crusade: Richard defeats Saladin at the Battle of Jaffa.
  • 2 September – Treaty of Jaffa between Richard and Saladin allows Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem and ends the Third Crusade. Richard leaves the Holy Land in October.
  • 11 December – returning from the Crusade, Richard is taken prisoner by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and secured at Dürnstein.
  • Prince John recognised as heir to the throne, and takes control of the royal castles at Windsor and Wallingford.
  • Rebuilding of Lincoln Cathedral begins.
  • Richard of Devizes composes Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi.
• 1193
  • 14 February – Richard I is handed to custody of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, and moved to Speyer.
  • 29 May – Hubert Walter enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
• 1194
  • 4 February – Richard I ransomed from captivity.
  • c. 10 February – Henry Marshal is nominated Bishop of Exeter.
  • 12 March–28 March – Richard returns to England and besieges Nottingham Castle to reclaim it from his brother John.
  • 17 April – second coronation of Richard I at Winchester.
  • 2 May – Portsmouth granted a Royal Charter; dock ordered to be built here.
  • 12 May – after settling affairs in England, Richard I leaves for Barfleur in Normandy to reclaim lands lost to Philip II of France.
  • 3 July – Battle of Fréteval: Richard I reconquers his French fiefdoms from Philip II.
  • Hubert Walter appointed as Justiciar.
  • September: Articles of Eyre proclaimed. Hubert Walter establishes the office of coroner.
  • Ordinance of the Jewry: for taxation purposes, records are to be kept of financial transactions. England elects to be served financially by Jews, hence the eponym.
• 1195
  • Treaty of Louviers suspends war between England and France; France takes control of Norman Vexin.
  • Bushmead Priory founded.
  • New stone Lydford Castle built in the Forest of Dartmoor.
• 1196
  • Spring – in London, a popular uprising of the poor against the rich is led by William Fitz Osbert.
• 1197
  • 20 November (or 1196?) – the Assize of Measures establishes standard units of measurement across the country, including the ell as a linear measure, and regulates the production of cloth.
• 1198
  • June – England resumes its war against France, re-occupying Norman Vexin.
  • June 23 – fire at Bury St Edmunds Abbey.
  • September – Battle of Gisors: English victory over the French.
• 1199
  • 13 January – short-lived truce between England and France.
  • 6 April – King Richard I dies of a wound received at the siege of the castle of Châlus in France.
  • 27 May – coronation of King John of England, Richard's brother.
  • Hubert Walter appointed as Lord Chancellor.
  • King Philip II of France renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of Arthur of Brittany.
  • St John's Jerusalem at Sutton-at-Hone, Kent, established as a Commandry of the Knights Hospitaller.
  • St Laurence's Church, Ludlow, is rebuilt.

Births

• 1193
  • William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (died 1254)
• 1195
  • Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester (died 1265)
• 1197
  • Richard of Chichester, bishop, canonised (died 1253)

Deaths

• 1190
  • 19 November – Baldwin of Exeter, Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Ranulf de Glanvill, chief justiciar
  • Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester
• 1191
  • 26 December – Reginald fitz Jocelin Archbishop-elect of Canterbury
• 1194
  • Abbas Benedictus, abbot of Peterborough
• 1195
  • Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham (born c. 1125)
• 1196
  • William Fitz Osbern, London citizen
• 1197
  • William Longchamp, Lord Chancellor
• 1198
  • William of Newburgh, historian (born c. 1136)
• 1199
  • 6 April – Richard I of England (killed in battle) (born 1157)
  • 4 September – Joan of England, Queen of Sicily, wife of William II of Sicily (born 1165)
• uncertain
  • William Fitzstephen, servant of Thomas Becket and sheriff of Gloucester

References

References

1. (2006). "Penguin Pocket On This Day". Penguin Reference Library.
2. Sutton, Ian. (1999). "Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present". Thames & Hudson.
3. Morgan, Kenneth O.. (1998). "The Oxford Popular History of Britain". Parragon.
4. Palmer, Alan. (1992). "The Chronology of British History". Century Ltd.