115th New York State Legislature

Background

Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1846, 32 Senators and 128 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (seven districts) and Kings County (three districts). The Assembly districts were made up of entire towns, or city wards, forming a contiguous area, all within the same county.

At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In New York City, the Democrats were split into three factions: Tammany Hall, the "County Democracy" and the "New York Democracy". The Prohibition Party and the Socialist Labor Party also nominated tickets.

Elections

The 1891 New York state election was held on November 3. Roswell P. Flower was elected Governor; and Speaker William F. Sheehan was elected Lieutenant Governor, both Democrats. The other five statewide elective offices up for election were also carried by the Democrats. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Governor, was: Democratic 585,000; Republican 535,000; Prohibition 30,000; and Socialist Labor 15,000.

This was the first time that seats in the Legislature were contested in the courts. Previously, since Independence in 1777, seats could be contested only in the Legislature, after the beginning of the session, and it took usually a long time to come to a conclusion. Most contestants whose claims were found to be correct, were seated only a few days before the end of the session. Now it became possible to take the contest to the courts, swiftly being decided by New York Court of Appeals, before the session began. At this time, the Court of Appeals was composed of five Democrats and two Republicans, and ruled in favor of Democrats Edward B. Osborne, John A. Nichols and Charles E. Walker who were referred to in the press as "usurpers", holding their seats by fraud. Seven more seats were then contested in the Legislature.

Sessions

The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 5, 1892; and adjourned on April 25.

Robert P. Bush (D) was elected Speaker with 65 votes against 55 for James W. Husted (R).

Jacob A. Cantor (D) was elected president pro tempore of the State Senate with 15 votes against 14 for George Z. Erwin (R).

On January 13, the Democratic senators met in caucus to discuss the scheme of unseating Republicans John H. Derby and Harvey J. Donaldson. Senator William L. Brown refused to go along with the scheme.

On January 14, Senators George Z. Erwin, Edmund O'Connor and Charles T. Saxton (all three Rep.) refused to vote on a substitute Enumeration Bill, and were declared in contempt by the Democratic majority.

On January 20, the Enumeration Bill was finally passed. It had been due in 1885, but Republicans and Democrats could not agree on the terms. The Census Bill passed by Republican majorities in the Legislature of 1885 was vetoed by Gov. David B. Hill. In 1892, for the first time since 1885 the majorities in both Houses of the Legislature and the Governor were of the same party, and the enumeration bill was rushed through. The enumeration was needed as a basis for the re-apportionment of the Senate and Assembly districts.

On February 10, the Legislature elected James F. Crooker (Dem.) as Superintendent of Public Instruction, with 81 votes against 71 for Andrew S. Draper (Rep.), to succeed Draper on April 7 for a term of three years.

The Legislature met for a special session on April 25, at 8.30 p.m., to consider the re-apportionment of the Senate districts and the number of assemblymen per county.

On April 26, the Re-Apportionment Bill was passed by a vote of 17 to 1 (the 14 Republicans refused to vote) in the Senate; and by a vote of 67 to 58 in the Assembly. Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Jefferson, Niagara, Oneida, Oswego, Otsego, Saratoga, Ulster, Washington and Wayne counties lost one seat each; St. Lawrence County lost two seats; Erie and Queens counties gained one seat each; and Kings and New York counties gained six seats each.

On August 5, Monroe County Judge Rumsey declared the Re-Apportionment Bill as unconstitutional and void.

On September 23, Supreme Court Justice Stephen L. Mayham declared the Re-Apportionment Bill as constitutional.

On October 13, the Court of Appeals upheld the Re-Apportionment Bill by a party vote of 5 to 2.

State Senate

Districts

• 1st District: Queens and Suffolk counties
• 2nd District: 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th and 22nd Ward of the City of Brooklyn, and the towns of Flatbush, Gravesend and New Utrecht in Kings County
• 3rd District: 3rd, 4th, 7th, 11th, 13th, 19th, 20th, 21st and 23rd Ward of the City of Brooklyn
• 4th District: 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th Ward of the City of Brooklyn, and the towns of New Lots and Flatlands in Kings County
• 5th District: Richmond County and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th, 8th, 14th and parts of the 4th and 9th Ward of New York City
• 6th District: 7th, 11th, 13th and part of the 4th Ward of NYC
• 7th District: 10th, 17th and part of the 15th, 18th and 21st Ward of NYC
• 8th District: 16th and part of the 9th, 15th, 18th, 20th and 21st Ward of NYC
• 9th District: Part of the 18th, 19th and 21st Ward of NYC
• 10th District: Part of the 12th, 19th, 20th, 21st and 22nd Ward of NYC
• 11th District: 23rd and 24th, and part of the 12th, 20th and 22nd Ward of NYC
• 12th District: Rockland and Westchester counties
• 13th District: Orange and Sullivan counties
• 14th District: Greene, Schoharie and Ulster counties
• 15th District: Columbia, Dutchess and Putnam counties
• 16th District: Rensselaer and Washington counties
• 17th District: Albany County
• 18th District: Fulton, Hamilton, Montgomery, Saratoga and Schenectady counties
• 19th District: Clinton, Essex and Warren counties
• 20th District: Franklin, Lewis and St. Lawrence counties
• 21st District: Oswego and Jefferson counties
• 22nd District: Oneida County
• 23rd District: Herkimer, Madison and Otsego counties
• 24th District: Chenango, Delaware and Broome counties
• 25th District: Onondaga and Cortland counties
• 26th District: Cayuga, Seneca, Tompkins and Tioga counties
• 27th District: Allegany, Chemung and Steuben counties
• 28th District: Ontario, Schuyler, Wayne and Yates counties
• 29th District: Monroe and Orleans counties
• 30th District: Genesee, Livingston, Niagara and Wyoming counties
• 31st District: Erie County
• 32nd District: Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties}}

Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.

Members

The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Joseph Aspinall, Martin T. McMahon, Charles P. McClelland, Edward B. Osborne, Cornelius R. Parsons and Matthias Endres changed from the Assembly to the Senate.

Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

Employees

• Clerk: Charles T. Dunning
• Assistant Clerk: Charles W. Sutherland
• Sergeant-at-Arms: Adelbert E. Tallmadge
• Doorkeeper: Joseph Jerge
• Stenographer: James M. Ruso

State Assembly

Assemblymen

The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature.

Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

Employees

• Clerk: Charles R. DeFreest
• Sergeant-at-Arms: Michael B. Redmond
• Doorkeeper: Edward A. Moore
• First Assistant Doorkeeper: Lawrence D. Fitzpatrick
• Second Assistant Doorkeeper: Kenneth D. L. Nivin
• Stenographer: Thomas Hassett

Notes

Sources

• The New York Red Book compiled by Will L. Lloyd (published by James B. Lyon, Albany NY, 1892; see pg. 387 for list of senators; pg. 77–103 for senators' bios; pg. 410ff for list of assemblymen; pg. 104–175 for assemblymen's bios; and pg. 406f for senate and assembly committees)
• The New York Red Book compiled by Edgar L. Murlin (published by James B. Lyon, Albany NY, 1897; see pg. 384f for senate districts; and pg. 410–417 for Assembly districts)
• Manual for the Use of the Legislature (1892; pg. 369 and 422ff)
• THE REPUBLICANS WEAKEN in NYT on January 6, 1892

References

1. Except New York City where the wards were apportioned into election districts, and then some whole wards and some election districts of other wards were gerrymandered together into Assembly districts.
2. see [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/01/14/104090428.pdf ''SENATOR BROWN SAID NO AND SHEEHAN'S BOLD GAME WAS BLOCKED''] in NYT on January 14, 1892
3. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/01/15/104090593.pdf ''SENATORS "IN CONTEMPT"''] in NYT on January 15, 1892
4. see [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/01/21/108209440.pdf ''ENUMERATION BILL PASSED''] in NYT on January 21, 1892
5. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/02/11/104118305.pdf ''MR. DRAPER'S SUCCESSOR''] in ''[[The New York Times]]'' on February 11, 1892
6. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/04/26/104125847.pdf ''THE NEW APPORTIONMENT''] in NYT on April 26, 1892
7. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/04/27/104125901.pdf ''WALKER'S FIRMNESS WINS''] in NYT on April 27, 1892
8. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/08/06/104142558.pdf ''APPORTIONMENT ACT VOID''] in NYT on August 6, 1892
9. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/09/24/104146109.pdf ''JUDGE MAYHAM'S REASONS''] in NYT on September 24, 1892
10. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/10/14/104148466.pdf ''APPORTIONMENT TO STAND''] in NYT on October 14, 1892
11. Deane had received more votes than Osborne, but the county canvassers did not allow 31 votes which had ink marks on the edge (which could have been made by printers' [[Em (typography)#Related terms. quads]]), and declared Osborne elected. Deane died on November 20, 1891, but the Republican Party continued his contest in the courts. On December 5, Judge Barnard ordered the votes to be counted, and instructed the County Clerk to inform the corrected result to the state canvassers. Judge Fursman ordered a [[Stay of execution. stay]] of Barnard's decision. On December 19, Supreme Court Justice [[Edgar M. Cullen]] vacated Fursman's stay, and in the evening of December 21, Dutchess County Clerk Emans mailed the corrected result to Albany. On the same day however, Justice Ingraham had stayed Cullen's decision and Emans was accused of contempt of court. Emans traveled to Albany himself, and appeared at Deputy Attorney General [[Isaac H. Maynard]]'s home at half past 8 a.m. next morning demanding to have the corrected result returned to him. Maynard and Emans went to the State Comptroller's office, and Maynard subtracted the letter from the incoming-mail pile and handed it over to Emans, explaining to the office employees that the letter had been misdirected. Subsequently, the original result was counted by the state canvassers, and Osborne was declared elected.
12. The Court of Appeals upheld the decision by the county canvassers of Onondaga County to throw out 1,252 ballots for Peck on a technicality, thus giving Nichols a majority.
13. Sherwood was at the time of election a Park Commissioner of the City of [[Hornellsville, New York. Hornellsville]], and for this reason declared ineligible by the Court of Appeals. The state canvassers refused to declare any candidate elected, but Walker was seated at the beginning of the session by a vote of the Senate.
14. see [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/01/07/104114129.pdf ''SENATOR VAN GORDER'S SEAT''] in NYT on January 6, 1892
15. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/01/10/104114817.pdf ''THE ASSEMBLY CONTESTS''] in NYT on January 10, 1892
16. Alfred Ronald Conkling (born 1850), son of Congressman [[Frederick A. Conkling]]
17. Myer J. Stein, brother of assemblyman [[Joseph I. Stein]] (in 1877)
18. Frank L. Smith, grandson of assemblyman [[Thomas Hewitt (New York). Thomas Hewitt]] (in 1803 and 1804)