10th United States Congress

Major events

Main article: 1807 in the United States, 1808 in the United States, 1809 in the United States

• May 22, 1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason. He was acquitted September 1, 1807
• June 1807: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair: The British warship captured and boarded the .
• August 17, 1807: The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
• January 1, 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States was banned

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation#10th United States Congress

• December 22, 1807: Embargo Act of 1807, ch. 5,
• March 1, 1809: Non-Intercourse Act (1809), ch. 24,

Territories organized

• February 3, 1809: Illinois Territory was organized from a portion of Indiana Territory,

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

• President: George Clinton (DR)
• President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR), elected April 16, 1808
  • Stephen R. Bradley (DR), elected December 28, 1808
  • John Milledge (DR), elected January 30, 1809

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district. :Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Main article: List of United States senators in the 10th Congress

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

[[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: 1. James Hillhouse (F) : 3. Uriah Tracy (F), died July 19, 1807 :: Chauncey Goodrich (F), from October 25, 1807

[[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]

: 1. Samuel White (F) : 2. James A. Bayard (F)

[[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]

: 2. Abraham Baldwin (DR), until March 4, 1807 :: George Jones (DR), August 27, 1807 – November 7, 1807 :: William H. Crawford (DR), from November 7, 1807 : 3. John Milledge (DR)

[[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: 2. Buckner Thruston (DR) : 3. John Pope (DR)

[[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]

: 1. Samuel Smith (DR) : 3. Philip Reed (DR)

[[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: 2. Timothy Pickering (F) : 1. John Quincy Adams (F), until June 8, 1808 :: James Lloyd (F), from June 9, 1808

[[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: 2. Nicholas Gilman (DR) : 3. Nahum Parker (DR)

[[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: 1. John Condit (DR) : 2. Aaron Kitchell (DR)

[[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]

: 3. John Smith (DR) : 1. Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)

[[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: 2. James Turner (DR) : 3. Jesse Franklin (DR)

[[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]]

: 1. John Smith (DR), until April 25, 1808 :: Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR), from December 12, 1808 : 3. Edward Tiffin (DR)

[[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: 1. Samuel Maclay (DR), until January 4, 1809 :: Michael Leib (DR), from January 9, 1809 : 3. Andrew Gregg (DR)

[[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: 1. Benjamin Howland (DR) : 2. James Fenner (DR), until September 1807 :: Elisha Mathewson (DR), from October 26, 1807

[[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: 2. Thomas Sumter (DR) : 3. John Gaillard (DR)

[[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: 1. Joseph Anderson (DR) : 2. Daniel Smith (DR)

[[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]]

: 3. Stephen R. Bradley (DR) : 1. Israel Smith (DR), until October 1, 1807 :: Jonathan Robinson (DR), from October 10, 1807

[[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]]

: 2. William B. Giles (DR) : 1. Andrew Moore (DR)

]]

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives in the 10th Congress

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

[[List of United States representatives from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. (7 Federalists) : . Epaphroditus Champion (F) : . Samuel W. Dana (F) : . John Davenport (F) : . Jonathan O. Moseley (F) : . Timothy Pitkin (F) : . Lewis B. Sturges (F) : . Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

[[List of United States representatives from Delaware|Delaware]]

(1 Federalist) : . Nicholas Van Dyke (F), from October 6, 1807

[[List of United States representatives from Georgia|Georgia]]

(4 Democratic-Republicans) : . William W. Bibb (DR) : . Howell Cobb (DR) : . Dennis Smelt (DR) : . George M. Troup (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

(6 Democratic-Republicans) : . Matthew Lyon (DR) : . John Boyle (DR) : . John Rowan (DR) : . Richard M. Johnson (DR) : . Benjamin Howard (DR) : . Joseph Desha (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from Maryland|Maryland]]

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives. (6-3 Democratic-Republican) : . John Campbell (F) : . Archibald Van Horne (DR) : . Philip B. Key (F) : . Roger Nelson (DR) : . William McCreery (DR) : . Nicholas R. Moore (DR) : . John Montgomery (DR) : . Edward Lloyd (DR) : . Charles Goldsborough (F)

[[List of United States representatives from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

(11-6 Democratic-Republican) : . Josiah Quincy (F) : . Jacob Crowninshield (DR), until April 15, 1808 :: Joseph Story (DR), from May 23, 1808 : . Edward St. Loe Livermore (F) : . Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) : . William Ely (F) : . Samuel Taggart (F) : . Joseph Barker (DR) : . Isaiah L. Green (DR) : . Josiah Dean (DR) : . Jabez Upham (F) : . William Stedman (F) : . Barnabas Bidwell (DR), until July 13, 1807 :: Ezekiel Bacon (DR), from September 16, 1807 : . Ebenezer Seaver (DR) : . Richard Cutts (DR) : . Daniel Ilsley (DR) : . Orchard Cook (DR) : . John Chandler (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. (5 Democratic-Republicans) : . Peter Carleton (DR) : . Daniel M. Durell (DR) : . Francis Gardner (DR) : . Jedediah K. Smith (DR) : . Clement Storer (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. (6 Democratic-Republicans) : . Ezra Darby (DR), until January 27, 1808 :: Adam Boyd (DR), from March 8, 1808 : . William Helms (DR) : . John Lambert (DR) : . Thomas Newbold (DR) : . James Sloan (DR) : . Henry Southard (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from New York|New York]]

(15-2 Democratic-Republican) : . Samuel Riker (DR) : . and . Joint district with two seats: Gurdon S. Mumford (DR) : . and . Joint district with two seats: George Clinton Jr. (DR) : . Philip Van Cortlandt (DR) : . John Blake Jr. (DR) : . Daniel C. Verplanck (DR) : . Barent Gardenier (F) : . James I. Van Alen (DR) : . Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F) : . Josiah Masters (DR) : . John Thompson (DR) : . David Thomas (DR), until February 17, 1808 :: Nathan Wilson (DR), from November 7, 1808 : . Peter Swart (DR) : . John Russell (DR) : . William Kirkpatrick (DR) : . Reuben Humphrey (DR) : . John Harris (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

(11-1 Democratic-Republicans) : . Lemuel Sawyer (DR) : . Willis Alston (DR) : . Thomas Blount (DR) : . William Blackledge (DR) : . Thomas Kenan (DR) : . Nathaniel Macon (DR) : . John Culpepper (F), until January 2, 1808, and then from February 23, 1808 : . Richard Stanford (DR) : . Marmaduke Williams (DR) : . Evan S. Alexander (DR) : . James Holland (DR) : . Meshack Franklin (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from Ohio|Ohio]]

(1 Democratic-Republican) : . Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives. (15-3 Democratic-Republican) : . Joseph Clay (DR), until March 28, 1808 :: Benjamin Say (DR), from November 16, 1808 : . John Porter (DR) : . Jacob Richards (DR) : . Robert Brown (DR) : . William Milnor (F) : . John Pugh (DR) : . John Hiester (DR) : . Robert Jenkins (F) : . Matthias Richards (DR) : . David Bard (DR) : . Robert Whitehill (DR) : . Daniel Montgomery Jr. (DR) : . James Kelly (F) : . John Rea (DR) : . William Findley (DR) : . John Smilie (DR) : . William Hoge (DR) : . Samuel Smith (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. (2 Democratic-Republicans) : . Nehemiah Knight (DR), until June 13, 1808 :: Richard Jackson Jr. (F), from November 11, 1808 : . Isaac Wilbour (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

(8 Democratic-Republicans) : . Robert Marion (DR) : . William Butler Sr. (DR) : . David R. Williams (DR) : . John Taylor (DR) : . Richard Winn (DR) : . Joseph Calhoun (DR), from June 2, 1807 : . Thomas Moore (DR) : . Lemuel J. Alston (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

(3 Democratic-Republicans) : . John Rhea (DR) : . George W. Campbell (DR) : . Jesse Wharton (DR)

[[List of United States representatives from Vermont|Vermont]]

(2-2 Democratic-Republican) : . James Witherell (DR), until May 1, 1808 :: Samuel Shaw (DR), from September 6, 1808 : . James Elliott (F) : . James Fisk (DR) : . Martin Chittenden (F)

[[List of United States representatives from Virginia|Virginia]]

(21-1 Democratic-Republican) : . John G. Jackson (DR) : . John Morrow (DR) : . John Smith (DR) : . David Holmes (DR) : . Alexander Wilson (DR) : . Abram Trigg (DR) : . Joseph Lewis Jr. (F) : . Walter Jones (DR) : . John Love (DR) : . John Dawson (DR) : . James M. Garnett (DR) : . Burwell Bassett (DR) : . William A. Burwell (DR) : . Matthew Clay (DR) : . John Randolph (DR) : . John W. Eppes (DR) : . John Claiborne (DR), until October 9, 1808 :: Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR), from November 7, 1808 : . Peterson Goodwyn (DR) : . Edwin Gray (DR) : . Thomas Newton Jr. (DR) : . Wilson C. Nicholas (DR) : . John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting members

(no representation) : . Benjamin Parke, until March 1, 1808 :: Jesse B. Thomas, from October 22, 1808 : . George Poindexter : . Daniel Clark

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change. Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy

|- | Georgia (2) | | Abraham Baldwin (DR) Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term. | | George Jones (DR) | August 27, 1807

|- | Connecticut (3) | | Uriah Tracy (F) Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term. | | Chauncey Goodrich (F) | October 25, 1807

|- | Rhode Island (2) | | James Fenner (DR) Successor elected to finish the term. | | Elisha Mathewson (DR) | October 26, 1807

|- | Vermont (1) | | Israel Smith (DR) Successor elected to finish the term. | | Jonathan Robinson (DR) | October 10, 1807

|- | Georgia (2) | | George Jones (DR) | | William H. Crawford (DR) | November 7, 1807

|- | Ohio (1) | | John Smith (DR) Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809. | | Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR) | December 12, 1808

|- | Massachusetts (1) | | John Quincy Adams (F) Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term. | | James Lloyd (F) | June 9, 1808

|- | Pennsylvania (1) | | Samuel Maclay (DR) Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term. | | Michael Leib (DR) | January 9, 1809

|}

House of Representatives

Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.

Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

|- | | Vacant | | Joseph Calhoun (DR)

| | Vacant | | Nicholas Van Dyke (F)

| | | Barnabas Bidwell (DR) | | Ezekiel Bacon (DR)

| | | John Culpepper (F) | | John Culpepper (F)

| | | Ezra Darby (DR) | | Adam Boyd (DR)

| | Benjamin Parke

| Jesse B. Thomas

| | | Joseph Clay (DR) | | Benjamin Say (DR)

| | | Jacob Crowninshield (DR) | | Joseph Story (DR)

| | | David Thomas (DR) | | Nathan Wilson (DR)

| | | James Witherell (DR) | | Samuel Shaw (DR)

| | | Nehemiah Knight (DR) | | Richard Jackson Jr. (F)

| | | John Claiborne (DR) | | Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR) | Seated November 7, 1808 |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John Quincy Adams)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Andrew Gregg then Francis Malbone)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Nicholas R. Moore)
• Affairs with Algiers (Select)
• Claims (Chairman: David Holmes)
• Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
• Conduct of Peter J. Bruin (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Lewis Jr.)
• Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
• Public Lands (Chairman: John Boyle then Jeremiah Morrow)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John Clopton)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Ways and Means (Chairman: George W. Campbell)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. James Turner)
• The Library (Chairman: N/A)

Employees

[[List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress|Legislative branch agency]] directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
• Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder

Senate

• Chaplain: John J. Sayrs (Episcopalian), until November 10, 1807
  • Alexander T. McCormick (Episcopalian), elected November 10, 1807
  • Robert Elliott (Presbyterian), elected November 10, 1808
• Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
• Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Robert Elliott Presbyterian, until October 30, 1807
  • Obadiah B. Brown, Baptist, from October 30, 1807
• Clerk: John J. Beckley, until April 8, 1807 (died)
  • Patrick Magruder, from April 8, 1807
• Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
• Reading Clerks:
• Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, until October 27, 1807
  • Thomas Dunn, from October 27, 1807

Notes

References