1090s in England

Incumbents

• Monarch – William II

Events

• 1090
  • After buying the allegiance of several local barons, King William II takes control of eastern Normandy.
• 1091
  • 2 February – William II invades western Normandy with a large army. His brothers, Henry and Robert Curthose, mobilise mercenary forces to resist him during a siege at Mont-Saint-Michel. Under terms of the Treaty of Caen, estates on the Cotentin Peninsula of Normandy are surrendered to William, matters being concluded in August.
  • July – Malcolm III of Scotland invades England reaching as far south as Durham. The Normans led by William and Robert march north to oppose the Scots, but a conflict is averted. Malcolm is obliged to accept the terms of the Treaty of Abernethy (1072) and pays homage to William.
  • 17 October – London tornado of 1091: A T8/F4 tornado is recorded in London, which destroys London Bridge and badly damages St Mary-le-Bow church.
• 1092
  • May – William II annexes Cumbria from the Scottish Celtic kingdom of Strathclyde and builds Carlisle Castle.
  • 9 May – Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated.
  • 18 October – Walcher of Malvern correctly predicts the time of a lunar eclipse.
• 1093
  • 6 March – Frankish monk, philosopher and theologian Anselm is nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury; he is consecrated on 4 December.
  • 8 April – the new Winchester Cathedral, constructed by Bishop Walkelin, becomes operational.
  • 11 August – construction of Durham Cathedral begins.
  • 13 November – King Malcolm III of Scotland is killed at the Battle of Alnwick during an attempted invasion of England.
  • Durham Priory re-establishes a monastic house on the Holy Island of Lindisfarne.
  • Normans continue their occupation of southern Wales, constructing Pembroke Castle.
• 1094
  • February – William II and Anselm quarrel about investiture and the overlordship of Church lands.
  • 19 March – William II unsuccessfully invades Normandy.
  • Welsh expel the Marcher Lords and destroy all Norman strongholds in Wales, except Pembroke Castle.
• 1095
  • January – Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, rebels. William II besieges his stronghold of Bamburgh Castle which is surrendered by Robert's wife after he has been captured.
  • 25 February – a council at Rockingham is held to resolve the dispute between Anselm and William II, but fails to do so.
  • May – Papal legate forces a reconciliation between William II and Anselm.
• 1096
  • Teaching at what will become the University of Oxford is recorded.
  • King William II takes control of the Duchy of Normandy while his brother Robert II, Duke of Normandy is on the First Crusade.
  • Construction of Norwich Cathedral begun. Herbert de Losinga, first Bishop of Norwich, establishes a Benedictine priory at Norwich and, shortly afterwards, an episcopal grammar school, Norwich School.
• 1097
  • October – Edgar Ætheling overthrows Donald III of Scotland and places his nephew Edgar on the Scottish throne.
  • 8 November – Anselm leaves England following disagreements with William II.
  • Construction of Westminster Hall.
• 1098
  • June or July – in the Battle of Anglesey Sound, a fleet led by Magnus Barefoot, King of Norway, reverses an Anglo-Norman invasion of north Wales.
• 1099
  • 11 November – flooding around North Sea and Mount's Bay, Cornwall.

Births

• 1095
  • Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (died 1177)
• 1096
  • King Stephen of England (died 1154)

Deaths

• 1091
  • Approximate date – Robert D'Oyly, Norman nobleman and landowner
• 1092
  • 7 May – Remigius de Fécamp, Bishop of Lincoln
• 1094
  • 21 November – Simeon, Abbot of Ely (born c. 994)
• 1095
  • 19 January – Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester (born 1008)
  • 26 June – Robert the Lotharingian, Bishop of Hereford
• 1096
  • 2 January – William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and counsellor of William II
• 1097
  • January/February – Odo of Bayeux, Earl of Kent (born c. 1030s in Normandy; died on First Crusade)
  • c. 1097/8 – Baldwin, Abbot of Bury St Edmunds and royal doctor
• 1098
  • 3 January – Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester
• 1099
  • 3 December – Saint Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor

References

References

1. "Norman Britain". [[BBC]].
2. "Carlisle Castle". [[English Heritage]].
3. "Lincoln Cathedral website".
4. (2009). "Holy Island". Northumberland County Council; English Heritage.
5. Palmer, Alan. (1992). "The Chronology of British History". Century Ltd.
6. (1923). "The [[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]".