1,000,000,000

Sense of scale

The facts below give a sense of how large 1,000,000,000 (109) is in the context of time according to current scientific evidence:

Time

• 109 seconds (1 gigasecond) equal 11,574 days, 1 hour, 46 minutes and 40 seconds (approximately 31.7 years, or 31 years, 8 months, 8 days). A Gregorian calendar mean year is 365.2425 days; a gigasecond is 31 mean years plus ~251.56 days. Assuming an average month length of 30 5/12 days, this is 31 mean years, 8 months, and ~8.22 days. Using a less precise Julian year or a more precise average month changes this value by less than a day; because of the ambiguity, do not add a more precise value to the article text here. --
• About 109 minutes ago, the Roman Empire was flourishing and Christianity was emerging. (109 minutes is roughly 1,901 years.)
• About 109 hours ago, modern human beings and their ancestors were living in the Stone Age (more precisely, the Middle Paleolithic). (109 hours is roughly 114,080 years.)
• About 109 days ago, Australopithecus, an ape-like creature related to an ancestor of modern humans, roamed the African savannas. (109 days is roughly 2.738 million years.)
• About 109 months ago, dinosaurs walked the Earth during the late Cretaceous. (109 months is roughly 83.3 million years.)
• About 109 years—a gigaannus—ago, the first multicellular eukaryotes appeared on Earth.
• About 109 decades ago, the thin disk of the Milky Way started to form. (109 decades is exactly 10 billion years.)
• The universe is thought to be about 13.8 × 109 years old.

Distance

• 109 inches is 15783 mi, more than halfway around the world and thus sufficient to reach any point on the globe from any other point.
• 109 metres (called a gigametre) is almost three times the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
• 109 kilometres (called a terametre) is over six times the distance from the Earth to the Sun.

Area

• A billion square inches could make a square about one half mile on a side.
• A bolt of finely woven 1000-TC bed sheet linen with a billion thread crossings would have an area of 40 m2, comparable to the floor area of a motel unit.

Volume

• There are one billion cubic millimetres in a cubic metre, and a billion cubic metres in a cubic kilometre.
• A billion grains of table salt or granulated sugar would occupy a volume of about 2.5 cuft.
• A billion cubic inches would be a volume comparable to a large commercial building slightly larger than a typical supermarket.

Weight

• Any object that weighs 1000000000 kg would weigh about as much as 5,525 empty Boeing 747-400s.
• A cube of iron that weighs 1000000000 lbs would be 38.62 m on each side.

Products

• As of July 2016, Apple has sold one billion iPhones. This makes the iPhone one of the most successful product lines in history, surpassing the PlayStation and the Rubik's Cube.
• As of January 2025, Facebook has 3.065 billion users.

Nature

• A small mountain, slightly larger than Stone Mountain in Georgia, United States, would weigh (have a mass of) a billion tons.
• There are billions of worker ants in the largest ant colony in the world, which covers almost 4,000 mi of the Mediterranean coast.
• In 1804, the world population was one billion.

Count

A is a cube; B consists of 1000 cubes the size of cube A, C consists of 1000 cubes the size of cube B; and D consists of 1000 cubes the size of cube C. Thus there are 1 million A-sized cubes in C; and 1,000,000,000 A-sized cubes in D.

Selected 10-digit numbers (1,000,000,000–9,999,999,999)

1,000,000,000 to 1,999,999,999

• 1,000,000,007 : smallest prime number with 10 digits.
• 1,000,006,281 : smallest triangular number with 10 digits and the 44,721st triangular number.
• 1,000,014,129 = 316232, the smallest ten-digit square.
• 1,003,003,001 = 10013.
• 1,026,753,849 = 320432, the smallest pandigital square in base 10.
• 1,069,863,695 : number of square (0,1)-matrices without zero rows and with exactly 9 entries equal to 1
• 1,073,741,824 = 327682 = 10243 = 645 = 326 = 810 = 415 = 230
• 1,073,742,724 : Leyland number using 2 and 30 (230 + 302)
• 1,073,792,449 : Leyland number using 4 and 15 (415 + 154)
• 1,093,104,961 : number of (unordered, unlabeled) rooted trimmed trees with 28 nodes
• 1,096,671,326 : number of uniform rooted trees with 26 nodes
• 1,104,891,746 : number of partially ordered set with 12 unlabeled elements
• 1,111,111,111 : repunit.
• 1,129,760,415 : 23rd Motzkin number.
• 1,134,903,170 : 45th Fibonacci number.
• 1,160,290,625 = 655
• 1,162,261,467 = 319
• 1,162,268,326 : Leyland number using 3 and 19 (319 + 193)
• 1,163,962,800 : smallest superabundant number that is not highly composite
• 1,166,732,814 : number of signed trees with 17 nodes
• 1,173,741,824 : Leyland number using 8 and 10 (810 + 108)
• 1,220,703,125 = 513
• 1,221,074,418 : Leyland number using 5 and 13 (513 + 135)
• 1,252,332,576 = 665
• 1,280,000,000 = 207
• 1,291,467,969 = 359372 = 10893 = 336
• 1,311,738,121 : 25th Pell number.
• 1,350,125,107 = 675
• 1,382,958,545 : 15th Bell number.
• 1,392,251,012 : number of secondary structures of RNA molecules with 27 nucleotides
• 1,405,695,061 : Markov prime.
• 1,406,818,759 : 30th Wedderburn–Etherington number.
• 1,421,542,641 : logarithmic number.
• 1,453,933,568 = 685
• 1,464,407,113 : number of series-reduced trees with 39 nodes
• 1,475,789,056 = 384162 = 1964 = 148
• 1,528,823,808 = 11523
• 1,533,776,805 : both pentagonal and triangular.
• 1,544,804,416 = 393042 = 11563 = 346
• 1,564,031,349 = 695
• 1,606,879,040 : Dowling number
• 1,631,432,881 = 403912, square triangular number
• 1,673,196,525 : Least common multiple of the odd integers from 1 to 25
• 1,677,922,740 : number of series-reduced planted trees with 36 nodes
• 1,680,700,000 = 705
• 1,755,206,648 : coefficient of a ménage hit polynomial
• 1,767,263,190 : The 19th Catalan number.
• 1,787,109,376 : 1-automorphic number
• 1,801,088,541 = 217
• 1,804,229,351 = 715
• 1,808,141,741 : number of partitions of 280 into divisors of 280
• 1,808,676,326 : number of 38-bead necklaces (turning over is allowed) where complements are equivalent
• 1,836,311,903 : 46th Fibonacci number.
• 1,838,265,625 = 428752 = 12253 = 356
• 1,848,549,332 : number of partitions of 270 into divisors of 270
• 1,857,283,156 : number of 37-bead binary necklaces with beads of 2 colors where the colors may be swapped but turning over is not allowed
• 1,882,341,361 : The smallest prime whose reversal is a square triangular number (triangular of 57121).
• 1,921,525,212 : number of partitions of 264 into divisors of 264
• 1,934,502,740 : number of parallelogram polyominoes with 27 cells.
• 1,934,917,632 = 725
• 1,977,326,743 = 711
• 1,979,339,339 : largest right-truncatable prime in decimal, if 1 is considered to be a prime
• 1,996,813,914 : Leyland number using 7 and 11 (711 + 117)

2,000,000,000 to 2,999,999,999

• 2,023,443,032 : number of trees with 28 unlabeled nodes
• 2,038,074,743 : 100,000,000th prime number
• 2,062,142,876 : number of centered hydrocarbons with 30 carbon atoms
• 2,073,071,593 = 735
• 2,147,483,647 : 8th Mersenne prime, 3rd double Mersenne prime, and the largest signed 32-bit integer.
• 2,147,483,648 = 231
• 2,147,484,609 : Leyland number using 2 and 31 (231 + 312)
• 2,176,782,336 = 466562 = 12963 = 2164 = 366 = 612
• 2,179,768,320 : Leyland number using 6 and 12 (612 + 126)
• 2,214,502,422 : 6th primary pseudoperfect number.
• 2,219,006,624 = 745
• 2,222,222,222 : repdigit
• 2,276,423,485 : number of ways to partition {1,2,...,12} and then partition each cell (block) into subcells.
• 2,357,947,691 = 13313 = 119
• 2,373,046,875 = 755
• 2,494,357,888 = 227
• 2,521,008,887 : 4th Mills' prime
• 2,535,525,376 = 765
• 2,562,890,625 = 506252 = 2254 = 158
• 2,565,726,409 = 506532 = 13693 = 376
• 2,573,571,875 = 55×77
• 2,695,730,992 : number of (unordered, unlabeled) rooted trimmed trees with 29 nodes
• 2,706,784,157 = 775
• 2,870,671,950 : number of free 20-ominoes
• 2,873,403,980 : number of uniform rooted trees with 27 nodes
• 2,834,510,744 : number of nonequivalent dissections of a 22-gon into 19 polygons by non-intersecting diagonals up to rotation
• 2,887,174,368 = 785
• 2,971,215,073 : 11th Fibonacci prime (47th Fibonacci number) and a Markov prime.

3,000,000,000 to 3,999,999,999

• 3,010,936,384 = 548722 = 14443 = 386
• 3,077,056,399 = 795
• 3,166,815,962 : 26th Pell number.
• 3,192,727,797 : 24th Motzkin number.
• 3,276,800,000 = 805
• 3,323,236,238 : 31st Wedderburn–Etherington number.
• 3,333,333,333 : repdigit
• 3,404,825,447 = 237
• 3,405,691,582 = CAFEBABE16; used as a magic debug value in programming.
• 3,405,697,037 = CAFED00D16; used as a magic debug value in programming.
• 3,461,824,644 : number of secondary structures of RNA molecules with 28 nucleotides
• 3,486,784,401 = 590492 = 2434 = 815 = 910 = 320
• 3,486,792,401 : Leyland number using 3 and 20 (320 + 203)
• 3,492,564,909 = 12+34+56+78+910
• 3,518,743,761 = 593192 = 15213 = 396
• 3,520,581,954 : number of series-reduced planted trees with 37 nodes
• 3,524,337,980 : number of 39-bead necklaces (turning over is allowed) where complements are equivalent
• 3,616,828,364 : number of 38-bead binary necklaces with beads of 2 colors where the colors may be swapped but turning over is not allowed
• 3,663,002,302 : number of prime numbers having eleven digits
• 3,697,909,056 : number of primitive polynomials of degree 37 over GF(2)
• 3,707,398,432 = 825
• 3,715,891,200 : double factorial of 20
• 3,735,928,559 = DEADBEEF16; used as a magic debug value in programming.
• 3,735,929,054 = DEADC0DE16; used as a magic debug value in programming.
• 3,939,040,643 = 835

4,000,000,000 to 4,999,999,999

• 4,096,000,000 = 640002 = 16003 = 406
• 4,118,054,813 : number of primes under 1011
• 4,182,119,424 = 845
• 4,294,967,291 : Largest prime 32-bit unsigned integer.
• 4,294,967,295 : Maximum 32-bit unsigned integer (FFFFFFFF16), perfect totient number, product of all known Fermat primes F_0 through F_4.
• 4,294,967,296 = 655362 = 2564 = 168 = 416 = 232
• 4,294,967,297 : F_5, the first composite Fermat number.
• 4,294,968,320 : Leyland number using 2 and 32 (232 + 322)
• 4,295,032,832 : Leyland number using 4 and 16 (416 + 164)
• 4,437,053,125 = 855
• 4,444,444,444 : repdigit
• 4,467,033,943 : number of parallelogram polyominoes with 28 cells.
• 4,486,784,401 : Leyland number using 9 and 10 (910 + 109)
• 4,586,471,424 = 247
• 4,704,270,176 = 865
• 4,750,104,241 = 689212 = 16813 = 416
• 4,807,526,976 : 48th Fibonacci number.
• 4,822,382,628 : number of primitive polynomials of degree 38 over GF(2)
• 4,984,209,207 : 875

5,000,000,000 to 5,999,999,999

• 5,159,780,352 = 17283 = 129 = 1,000,000,00012, or a great-great-great-gross (1,000,00012 great-grosses or 100012 great-great-grosses)
• 5,277,319,168 = 885
• 5,345,531,935 : number of centered hydrocarbons with 31 carbon atoms
• 5,354,228,880 : Least common multiple of the odd integers from 1 to 27
• 5,391,411,025 : smallest odd abundant number not divisible by 3
• 5,469,566,585 : number of trees with 29 unlabeled nodes
• 5,489,031,744 = 740882 = 17643 = 426
• 5,555,555,555 : repdigit
• 5,584,059,449 = 895
• 5,702,046,382 : number of signed trees with 18 nodes
• 5,784,634,181 : 13th alternating factorial.
• 5,904,900,000 = 905

6,000,000,000 to 6,999,999,999

• 6,103,515,625 = 781252 = 257 = 514
• 6,104,053,449 : Leyland number using 5 and 14 (514 + 145)
• 6,210,001,000 : only self-descriptive number in base 10.
• 6,227,020,800 = 13!
• 6,240,321,451 = 915
• 6,321,363,049 = 795072 = 18493 = 436
• 6,469,693,230 : tenth primorial
• 6,564,120,420 : The 20th Catalan number.
• 6,590,815,232 = 925
• 6,659,914,175 : number of unordered unlabeled rooted trimmed trees with 30 nodes
• 6,666,666,666 : repdigit
• 6,872,485,104 : number of 40-bead necklaces (turning over is allowed) where complements are equivalent
• 6,956,883,693 = 935
• 6,975,757,441 = 835212 = 2894 = 178
• 6,983,776,800 : 15th colossally abundant number, 15th superior highly composite number, and the largest number to be both.

7,000,000,000 to 7,999,999,999

• 7,048,151,672 : number of 39-bead binary necklaces with beads of 2 colors where the colors may be swapped but turning over is not allowed
• 7,256,313,856 = 851842 = 19363 = 446
• 7,339,040,224 = 945
• 7,371,308,068 : number of partitions of 252 into divisors of 252
• 7,391,026,522 : number of planar partitions of 49
• 7,395,528,814 : number of series-reduced planted trees with 38 nodes
• 7,544,428,973 : number of uniform rooted trees with 28 nodes
• 7,645,370,045 : 27th Pell number.
• 7,737,809,375 = 955
• 7,777,777,777 : repdigit
• 7,778,742,049 : 49th Fibonacci number.
• 7,862,958,391 : 32nd Wedderburn–Etherington number.

8,000,000,000 to 8,999,999,999

• 8,031,810,176 = 267
• 8,153,726,976 = 965
• 8,212,890,625 : 1-automorphic number
• 8,303,765,625 = 911252 = 20253 = 456
• 8,549,176,320 : pandigital number with the digits arranged in alphabetical order by English name
• 8,587,340,257 = 975
• 8,589,866,963 : number of subsets of {1,2,...,33} with relatively prime elements
• 8,589,869,056 : 6th perfect number.
• 8,589,934,592 = 20483 = 811 = 233
• 8,589,935,681 : Leyland prime using 2 and 33 (233 + 332)
• 8,622,571,758 : number of secondary structures of RNA molecules with 29 nucleotides
• 8,804,293,473 : Leyland number using 8 and 11 (811 + 118)
• 8,888,888,888 : repdigit

9,000,000,000 to 9,999,999,999

• 9,039,207,968 = 985
• 9,043,402,501 : 25th Motzkin number.
• 9,393,931,000 = 21103
• 9,474,296,896 = 973362 = 21163 = 466
• 9,509,900,499 = 995
• 9,814,072,356 = 990662, the largest pandigital square, largest pandigital pure power.
• 9,876,543,210 : largest pandigital number.
• 9,999,800,001 = 999992, the largest ten-digit square.
• 9,999,999,967 : greatest prime number with 10 digits
• 9,999,999,999 : largest 10-digit number, repdigit

References

References

1. "Definition of BIL".
2. (2015). "The Economist Style Guide". [[The Economist]].
3. (3 November 2017). "English Style Guide: A handbook for authors and translators in the European Commission". [[European Commission]].
4. "How many is a billion?".
5. "billion,thousand million,milliard".
6. (2 April 2013). "Cosmic Detectives".
7. Panken, Eli. (27 July 2016). "Apple Announces It Has Sold One Billion iPhones".
8. Seethamaram, Deep. (27 July 2016). "Facebook Posts Strong Profit and Revenue Growth".
9. Burke, Jeremy. (16 June 2015). "How the World Became A Giant Ant Colony".
10. {{Cite OEIS. A003617. Smallest n-digit prime
11. {{Cite OEIS. A068093. Smallest n-digit triangular number
12. "A061432 - OEIS".
13. {{cite OEIS. A225218. Square numbers containing all the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9
14. {{cite OEIS. A122400. Number of square (0,1)-matrices without zero rows and with exactly n entries equal to 1
15. {{cite OEIS. A002955. Number of (unordered, unlabeled) rooted trimmed trees with n nodes
16. {{cite OEIS. A317712. Number of uniform rooted trees with n nodes
17. {{cite OEIS. A000112. Number of partially ordered sets (posets) with n unlabeled elements
18. {{cite OEIS. A001006. Motzkin numbers
19. {{cite OEIS. A000045. Fibonacci numbers
20. {{cite OEIS. A166735. Superabundant numbers that are not highly composite
21. {{cite OEIS. A000060. Number of signed trees with n nodes
22. {{cite OEIS. A000129. Pell numbers
23. {{cite OEIS. A000110. Bell or exponential numbers
24. {{cite OEIS. A004148. Generalized Catalan numbers
25. {{cite OEIS. A178444. Markov numbers that are prime
26. {{cite OEIS. A001190. Wedderburn-Etherington numbers
27. {{cite OEIS. A002104. Logarithmic numbers
28. {{cite OEIS. A000014. Number of series-reduced trees with n nodes
29. {{Cite OEIS. A014979. Numbers that are both triangular and pentagonal
30. {{cite OEIS. A007405
31. {{cite OEIS. A003418. Least common multiple of the first n natural numbers
32. {{cite OEIS. A001678. Number of series-reduced planted trees with n nodes
33. {{cite OEIS. A000033. Coefficients of ménage hit polynomials
34. {{cite OEIS. A000108. Catalan numbers: (2n)!/(n!(n+1)!)
35. {{Cite OEIS. A003226. Automorphic numbers
36. {{cite OEIS. A018818. Number of partitions of n into divisors of n
37. {{cite OEIS. A000011. Number of n-bead necklaces (turning over is allowed) where complements are equivalent
38. {{cite OEIS. A000013. Definition (1): Number of n-bead binary necklaces with beads of 2 colors where the colors may be swapped but turning over is not allowed
39. {{cite OEIS. A006958. Number of parallelogram polyominoes with n cells (also called staircase polyominoes, although that term is overused)
40. {{cite OEIS. A012883. Numbers in which every prefix (in base 10) is 1 or a prime.
41. {{cite OEIS. A000055. Number of trees with n unlabeled nodes
42. {{cite OEIS. A000022. Number of centered hydrocarbons with n atoms
43. {{cite OEIS. A000668. Mersenne primes
44. {{cite OEIS. A263686. Smallest prime factor of double Mersenne numbers
45. "13.1.2 Integer Types (Exact Value) - INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, MEDIUMINT, BIGINT". dev.mysql.com.
46. {{cite OEIS. A054377. Primary pseudoperfect numbers
47. {{cite OEIS. A000258. Expansion of e.g.f. exp(exp(exp(x)-1)-1)
48. {{cite OEIS. A000105. Number of free polyominoes with n cells
49. {{cite OEIS. A220881. Number of nonequivalent dissections of an n-gon into n-3 polygons by nonintersecting diagonals up to rotation
50. {{Cite OEIS. A006879. Number of primes with n digits.
51. {{cite OEIS. A011260. Number of primitive polynomials of degree n over GF(2)
52. {{Cite OEIS. A006882. Double factorials
53. {{cite OEIS. A006880. Number of primes smaller than powers of ten)
54. {{cite OEIS. A014234. Number of primes smaller than powers of two)
55. {{cite OEIS. A115414. Odd abundant numbers not divisible by 3.
56. {{cite OEIS. A005165. Alternating factorials
57. {{cite OEIS. A004490. Colossally abundant numbers
58. {{cite OEIS. A002201. Superior highly composite numbers
59. {{cite OEIS. A000219. Number of planar partitions (or plane partitions) of n
60. {{cite OEIS. A085945. Number of subsets of {1,2,...,n} with relatively prime elements
61. {{cite OEIS. A000396. Perfect numbers
62. {{Cite OEIS. A094133. Leyland prime numbers
63. "Greatest prime number with 10 digits".