Scharhörn

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Uninhabited German island

title: "Scharhörn" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["frisian-islands", "uninhabited-islands-of-germany", "islands-of-hamburg", "nature-reserves-in-hamburg"] description: "Uninhabited German island" topic_path: "geography/germany" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scharhörn" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Uninhabited German island ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox island"]

FieldValue
nameScharhörn
image_name11-09-04-fotoflug-nordsee-by-RalfR-018.jpg
image_captionAerial photograph of Scharhörn
locationNorth Sea, Wadden Sea, Elbe mouth
coordinates
area_ha20
length_km
width_km
coastline_km
highest_mount
countryGermany
country_admin_divisions_titleState
country_admin_divisionsHamburg
country_admin_divisions_title_1Borough
country_admin_divisions_1Hamburg-Mitte
country_admin_divisions_title_2Quarter
country_admin_divisions_2Hamburg-Neuwerk
population0 (uninhabited)
density_km20
::

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Scharhörn () is an uninhabited island in the North Sea belonging to the city of Hamburg, Germany. The once most important daymark on the North Sea coast, the Scharhörnbake, was maintained here by the City of Hamburg from 1440 to 1979.

Geography

Scharhörn lies by the mouth of the Elbe, approximately 15 km northwest of Cuxhaven and 6 km northwest of the nearby island of Neuwerk. It is a part of Zone 1 of the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park. Aside from a nature reserve warden, the island has no permanent residents.

Together with the artificial island of Nigehörn the island lies on a large sandbank. Historically the whole area including the reef was called Scharhörn and the sandbank Scharhörnplate. After the human supported formation of the island in the 1920s and finally with the creation of Nigehörn on the same sandbank, the name Scharhörn was only used for the island. Though Scharhörn is generally flood-safe, the 6 m banks of the island are not protected, so the island faces permanent loss of land on the western side as storm floods gradually shift the sandbank eastward.

The sandbank on which Scharhörn and Nigehörn lie is a European Union Natura 2000-designated bird sanctuary, tended to by the environmental group Verein Jordsand. The area, known as Scharhörnplate, is around 2.8 km long and 1.5 km wide with an area of approximately 500 ha. Public access to the island is forbidden, except on official tours or by prior arrangement with the warden.

History

In 1937, the island became part of the Prussian Province of Hanover as a result of the Greater Hamburg Act. The island changed hands again in 1947, when it became part of the newly-drawn state of Lower Saxony, and again in 1969, when it was returned under a treaty to the control of Hamburg for the purpose of constructing a proposed deepwater port on Scharhörn and nearby Neuwerk. The plans foresaw the construction of a 6000 ha mound of land built from dredged sand, which was to be safe from the storm floods of the North Sea and connected to the mainland via a causeway from Scharhörn to Neuwerk to Cuxhaven. The plan was never realised, plagued by protests, high costs, and low levels of public support, but nevertheless remains included in the land use plan of Hamburg.

Shipwrecks

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Die_Gartenlaube_(1880)_b_549.jpg" caption="'''Das Watt bei Scharhörn''', Ferdinand Lindner, 1880"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Die_Niederelbe_1908_Abb._119._Am_Scharhörnriff_bei_Ebbe._Wrack_einer_Bark,_kieloben_liegend,_mit_Muscheln_bewachsen.png" caption="Remains of a wrecked ship at the Scharhörnriff (1908)"] ::

The Elbe has been one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world for many centuries, and the waters around Scharhörn were very dangerous until the late 20th century. This has made the reefs a ship graveyard for hundreds of ships, their crews, passengers or cargo. For the people of Neuwerk and the nearby coastal villages, this was an important source of income, sometimes even legally acquired for rescue and salvage operations. But picking up cargo and freight from the coast and from the tidal flats was also common until not long ago. ::data[format=table title="Shipwrecks near Scharhörn (see also near [[Neuwerk#Shipwrecks|Neuwerk]])"]

DateVessel and description
url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005721512;view=1up;seq=291
Vrow Rebecca was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued.
Lisbon was wrecked on the Scharhörn Sand. Her crew were rescued.
Borsenhalle was driven ashore and later refloated.
Drie Gesusters was driven ashore on Scharhörn and was abandoned by her crew. She was on a voyage from London, United Kingdom to Amsterdam, North Holland. She was later taken in to Cuxhaven.
The transport ship Tods was driven ashore and damaged on Scharhörn.
Carthagena was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn with the loss of all hands.
Catherine or Catharina was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn with the loss of all hands.
James & Ellen was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Jersey to Hamburg. James & Ellen was later refloated.
url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044105226310;view=1up;seq=137
Twee Gebroders was driven ashore near Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Hull, Yorkshire to Bremen. Twee Gebroders was refloated on 18 December and taken in to Cuxhaven.
Ann was wrecked on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Rostock to Hamburg.
Brunswick ran aground on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Hull, Yorkshire, United Kingdom to Hamburg. Brunswick was refloated on 31 March and taken in to Hamburg.
url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015073720958;view=1up;seq=275
Romulus was wrecked on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from New York, United States to Hamburg.
Lowe was driven ashore and abandoned on 28 December.
Unternehmung was lost
Vrow Angelina was driven ashore before 22 November. She was refloated but was subsequently wrecked on the Whitt Sand with the loss of all but one of her crew.
Palm was driven ashore and damaged. Her crew were rescued. Palm was refloated on 10 April and taken in to Cuxhaven.
Wharf was driven ashore. She was on a voyage from Goole, Yorkshire to Hamburg.
Fortuna was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Livorno, Grand Duchy of Tuscany to Hamburg.
Water Witch was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Hamburg. Water Witch was refloated on 17 February and put in to Hamburg.
Liverpool sank at Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Hamburg. She was later refloated and resumed her voyage.
Anna Maria was wrecked on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Copenhagen to Altona.
title=Shipping Intelligence
Johanna was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia.
The brig Patience was abandoned off the Willibank, in the North Sea. Her crew were rescued by Bramham (UKGBI). Patience was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Sunderland, County Durham. She was driven ashore on Scharhörn on 23 January, where she was wrecked.
Nicholas was wrecked on Scharhörn with the loss of a crew member. Survivors were rescued by the steamship Neptune (flag unknown). Nicholas was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland to Hamburg.
Caroline was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Málaga, Spain to Hamburg.
Trio was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Gothenburg to Hamburg.
Amalie was wrecked of Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Peterhead, Aberdeenshire to Stettin.
title=Shipping Intelligence
Gerda was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Bordeaux, Gironde, France to Hamburg. She was later refloated.
title=Shipping Intelligence
Adolphe was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Valparaíso, Chile to Hamburg. She was refloated on 20 March and taken in to Cuxhaven.
Christine Mathilde was wrecked off Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, United Kingdom.
The schooner George was driven ashore on Scharhörn and was abandoned by her crew. She was on a voyage from Grangemouth, Stirlingshire to Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands. She was refloated and taken in to Glückstadt, Duchy of Schleswig.
The brig Emma was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies to Hamburg. She was refloated the next day and taken in to Cuxhaven in a leaky condition.
The schooner Agnes was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia to Hamburg.
The brig Staindrop was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Hamburg.
Varel was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, United Kingdom to Hamburg. She was refloated on 25 December and taken in to Cuxhaven.
Zion ran aground on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to Hartlepool, County Durham. She was refloated and taken in to Hamburg in a leaky condition.
title=Ship News
The ewer Maria was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Hull, Yorkshire, United Kingdom to Copenhagen, Denmark. She was refloated and taken in to Cuxhaven.
Anna Meta was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool, County Durham, United Kingdom to Hamburg. She was refloated and taken in to Cuxhaven.
The schooner Zwey Gebruder was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn.
title=Devonshire, &c.
The schooner Rival was driven ashore on Scharhörn and was abandoned by her crew, who were subsequently rescued by (UKGBI).
Louise was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was refloated and taken in to Cuxhaven.
Clausine was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued.
The brig Vertumno was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Messina, Sicily to Hamburg. She was refloated with assistance from the steamship Elbe (Hamburg) and taken in to Cuxhaven.
Liberty ran aground off Scharhörn and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Seaham, County Durham to Hamburg.
Romulus ran aground off Scharhörn and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham to Hamburg.
Camilla ran aground off Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued by a Dutch koff. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Hamburg.
The schooner Stella ran aground and capsized on Scharhörn and was abandoned. Her crew were rescued by the steamship North Star (UKGBI). Stella floated off and was subsequently wrecked on Neuwark. She was on a voyage from Hammerfest to Cuxhaven.
title=Ship News
Twendre Brodre ran aground off Scharhörn. She was refloated and put in to Cuxhaven in a leaky condition.
Charles Kerr was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from South Shields, County Durham to the East Indies. She was refloated on 8 February and assisted in to Cuxhaven in a sinking condition.
Emanuel was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Trondheim, Norway to Altona.
Christine Marie was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, United Kingdom to Hamburg. She was refloated on 4 March and taken in to Cuxhaven.
Ada was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to Harburg.
Lawson ran aground off Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Leith, Lothian to Hamburg. She was refloated the next day and taken in to the Elbe.
Friendship was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from an English port to Hamburg. She was refloated and taken in to Cuxhaven.
George Canning was wrecked on Scharhörn/Großer Vogelsand with the loss of all 164 people on board - her crew and 135 passengers. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to New York.
The brig Aberdeenshire ran aground off Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool, County Durham to Hamburg. She was refloated and taken in to Cuxhaven.
Spring was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire to Altona.
The collier Atlas ran aground on Scharhörn. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool, County Durham to Hamburg.
Carl was wrecked on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from London, United Kingdom to Königsberg.
The barque Henrietta Brewis ran aground on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Madras, India to Bremen. She was refloated and taken in to Cuxhaven in a leaky condition.
The brig Henry Bell was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was a total loss.
Anacreon was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued.
Tjaretz Misr was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Caldera to Hamburg.
The brig Midsummer was driven ashore on Scharhörn. Her crew survived. she was on a voyage from Cuxhaven to Sunderland, County Durham.
The koff Thecla was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, United Kingdom to Hamburg.
The schooner Mary was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Portmadoc, Caernarfonshire to Hamburg.
The barque Integrity ran aground on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Hamburg. She was refloated and taken in to Cuxhaven in a sinking condition.
The koff Armegina was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from London, United Kingdom to Glückstadt, Duchy of Schleswig. She was refloated and taken in to Cuxhaven in a sinking condition.
Virago was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool, County Durham to Hamburg. She was refloated and later towed in to Hamburg in a leaky condition.
An unnamed brig was driven ashore on Scharhörn.
The barque Neptune was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Hamburg.
The brig Conrad was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire to Hamburg. She was refloated.
The brig Hylton Maid ran aground on Scharhörn and was wrecked. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Seaham, County Durham to Hamburg. The wreck was refloated on 18 July and towed in to Cuxhaven.
The schooner Nicholaus was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from an English port to Cuxhaven. She was refloated with assistance from the steamship Hercules and towed in to Cuxhaven.
The barque Ben Muick Dhui ran aground and sank on Scharhörn. Her crew survived.
title=Latest Shipping Intelligence
The barque Regina was driven ashore on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from New York to Hamburg.
The steamship ran aground and was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Hamburg.
title=Latest Shipping Intelligence
Paul and Marie was wrecked on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Stettin.
John Gustav Cordis was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne to Hamburg.
title=Mercantile Ship News
Albert was driven ashore on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage form Cuxhaven to Lagos, Africa. She was refloated.
title=Shipping
title=Latest Shipping Intelligence
The barque Isabelita was driven ashore on Scharhörn.
The brig Saldanho was driven ashore on Scharhörn and capsized. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to Laga.
The brigantine Mercur ran aground off Scharhörn. She was on a voyyage from Hamburg, Germany to Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands. She was refloated.
The barque Scythia ran aground on Scharhörn. She was refloated with assistance and taken in to Cuxhaven, Germany.
Robert was driven ashore and wrecked on Scharhörn. She was on a voyage from Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire to Harburg, Prussia.
The steamship was wrecked on the Wittsand, in the North Sea off Scharhörn.
The steamship Thetford was driven ashore on Scharhörn, Germany. She was later refloated and resumed her voyage.
The barque Giorgio Washington was driven ashore on Scharhörn. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Buenos Aires to Hamburg.
The steamer Freia was wrecked near Scharhörn on her passage from Kristiana to Harlingen, Friesland, Netherlands.
The ran aground and sank in the North Sea near the island of Scharhörn with no casualties.
Peder Most ran aground and was refloated on 24 October.
The cargo ship {{SS
The cargo ship PLM-23 (5,417 or 5,642 GRT, 1921) ran aground and was wrecked.
Sperrbrecher 15 Taronga (7,003 or 7,064 GRT, 1934) was severely damaged off Scharhörn by Allied aircraft. She put into Hamburg where she was declared a constructive total loss and decommissioned.
{{SS
The tanker {{SS
The tanker Gerd Mærsk ran aground on Scharhörn, in the mouth of the Elbe, West Germany Gerd Mærsk, loaded with crude oil, leaked on the Scharhörn reef during a heavy snowstorm at hurricane force, while on a voyage to Hamburg. During the rescue operation, it was decided to pump part of the cargo overboard to keep the ship from breaking apart, releasing about 7000-8000 tons of crude oil.
The Alstertor (2460 GRT) ran aground and could later be pulled off the reef.
The freighter Emmanuel M (5400 GRT) ran aground off Scharhörn on and was looted by islanders from Neuwerk. She was salvaged in July 1970 and towed to Cuxhaven.
The freighter Njandoma broke apart on Scharhörn with toxic chemicals on board while on voyage to England. The barrels could be salvaged from the halves of the ship.
The turnaround of the freighter Great Luck (4300 GRT) failed after the auxiliary diesel failed in a storm. The ship was moored at Scharhörn until its salvage on 17 November.
::

References

References

  1. Horst-Wolfgang Bremke: [http://zeit.de/1971/16/ein-hafen-im-meer ''Ein Hafen im Meer''.] In: ''[[Die Zeit]]'', Nr. 16/1971
  2. [http://www.hamburg.de/flaechennutzungsplan/154102/flaechennutzungsplaene,page-2.html Informationen zum Flächennutzungsplan, hamburg.de]
  3. (14 May 1802). "The Marine List". Lloyd's List.
  4. Dates vary: [[List of shipwrecks in December 1821. {{dts. 4 December 1821]]
  5. (9 May 1823). "The Marine List". Lloyd's List.
  6. (29 August 1826). "The Marine List". Lloyd's List.
  7. (13 December 1837). "Ship News".
  8. (5 April 1838). "Shipping Intelligence". The Morning Chronicle.
  9. (18 January 1839). "Ship News". The Morning Post.
  10. (11 February 1839). "Shipping Intelligence". Caledonian Mercury.
  11. (9 October 1843). "Ship News".
  12. (5 March 1844). "Shipping Intelligence". The Morning Chronicle.
  13. Dates vary: [[List of shipwrecks in December 1844. {{dts. 21 December 1844]]
  14. (27 December 1844). "Shipping Intelligence". The Hull Packet and East Riding Times.
  15. (6 September 1845). "Ship News".
  16. (25 October 1848). "Ship News". The Morning Post.
  17. (20 November 1848). "Shipping Intelligence". The Morning Chronicle.
  18. (24 November 1848). "Shipping Intelligence". The Hull Packet and East Riding Times.
  19. Dates vary: [[List of shipwrecks in December 1848. {{dts. 14 December 1848]]
  20. (18 January 1850). "Devonshire, &c.". The Royal Cornwall Gazette, Falmouth Packet, and General Advertiser.
  21. (30 October 1851). "Shipping Intelligence". The Morning Chronicle.
  22. (17 November 1851). "Ship News". Glasgow Herald.
  23. (18 November 1851). "Ship News". Liverpool Mercury etc.
  24. (27 September 1853). "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury etc.
  25. Walter Kresse, ed., Seeschiffs-Verzeichnis der Hamburger Reedereien, 1824-1888, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, N. F., Bd. 5. (Hamburg: Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, 1969), Bd. 3, S 210.
  26. (9 January 1855). "Fatal Shipwreck".
  27. (15 January 1855). "Ship News". Glasgow Herald.
  28. (15 January 1855). "Fatal Shipwreck - One Hundred and Sixty-four Lives Lost". The Morning Chronicle.
  29. (12 November 1856). "Shipping Intelligence". Dundee Courier.
  30. (7 October 1870). "Latest Shipping Intelligence".
  31. (7 December 1870). "Latest Shipping Intelligence".
  32. (6 February 1871). "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard.
  33. (3 October 1871). "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury.
  34. (12 December 1871). "Latest Shipping Intelligence".
  35. (25 September 1878). "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard.
  36. "SV Europa (+1883)". wrecksite.eu.
  37. "SV Freia (+1903)". wrecksite.eu.
  38. "S-129 [+1915]". wrecksite.eu.
  39. (30 March 1939). "Casualty Reports".
  40. (31 March 1939). "Casualty Reports".
  41. [http://www.zeit.de/1954/02/sieben-schicksalstage-auf-der-leros Sieben Schicksalstage auf der „Leros“, Die Zeit, 14. Januar 1954(German)]
  42. (6 January 1954). "Greek Tanker Aground".
  43. [http://www.filmothek.bundesarchiv.de/video/583144 "Welt im Bild", 81/1954, 12. January 1954 (German), Bundesarchiv]
  44. (18 January 1955). "Gale Brings Flood And Thaw To Europe".
  45. Blick in die Welt - Wochenschau, ''Nordsee: Vogelsterben durch Ölpest nach Tankerunglück'', 1955, BIW 5506-4d
  46. "Großer Vogel".
  47. [https://www.filmothek.bundesarchiv.de/video/586829 ''Die Zeit unter der Lupe 933/1967, 12 December 1967, German Federal Archive.'']
  48. [http://www.filmothek.bundesarchiv.de/video/589699 ''Deutschlandspiegel, 160/1968, 25 January 1968, German Federal Archive.'']
  49. Gerhard Sagert. (1976). "Dünen-Insel Scharhörn". Selbstverlag Sagert.
  50. [http://www.filmothek.bundesarchiv.de/video/584840 UFA-Dabei 650/1969, 7. Januar 1969, Bundesarchiv]
  51. [http://www.filmothek.bundesarchiv.de/video/589711 Deutschlandspiegel, 172/1969, 30. Januar 1969]
  52. Gerhard Sagert. (1976). "Dünen-Insel Scharhörn". Selbstverlag Sagert.

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