S100A12

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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

title: "S100A12" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["s100-proteins"] description: "Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens" topic_path: "general/s100-proteins" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100A12" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens ::

S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100A12 gene. Human S100A12, also known as calgranulin C, was first described in 1995.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs.

Function

Generally, S100A12 has a significant anti-infectious and antibacterial role that is related to its ability to uptake ions. For example, it inhibits the spread and virulence of H. pylori.

Tissue distribution

Neutrophils and monocytes / macrophages are important source of S100A12 in the cell although some epithelial cells and dendritic cells are capable of its secretion. Some tissues are rich in these cells, and so in this protein. These include the spleen or lungs. It occurs intracellularly but is also produced into the extracellular environment where it occurs as a homodimer or hexamer.

Clinical significance

Its presence is associated with cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Like other S100 proteins, S100A12 signals through the RAGE receptor and TLR. In general, this signalling leads to cytokine production, chemotaxis and increased oxidative stress. In endothelial cells, this signaling leads to activation of NFκB, under which the production of adhesion molecules such as ICAMs, VCAM or selectins is increased. This protein is proposed to be involved in specific calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways and its regulatory effect on cytoskeletal components may modulate various neutrophil activities.

Cascades that are triggered by interaction of S100A12 with RAGE may play an important role in renal failure in hemodialysis patients. The relationship between S100A12 and renal dialysis mortality rates has been repeatedly reported. S100A12 may play a role in monitoring SLE patients as a marker of kidney damage in glomerulonephritis. It is also associated with gastrointestinal diseases. In inflammatory bowel diseases, it significantly correlates with disease activity and, together with other 100S family proteins, can predict disease relapse.

References

References

  1. (December 1996). "Characterization of the human S100A12 (calgranulin C, p6, CAAF1, CGRP) gene, a new member of the S100 gene cluster on chromosome 1q21". Cell Calcium.
  2. "Entrez Gene: S100A12 S100 calcium binding protein A12".
  3. (December 1996). "Characterization of the human S100A12 (calgranulin C, p6, CAAF1, CGRP) gene, a new member of the S100 gene cluster on chromosome 1q21". Cell Calcium.
  4. (January 2007). "S100A12 provokes mast cell activation: a potential amplification pathway in asthma and innate immunity". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
  5. (May 2016). "Expression and clinical implication of S100A12 in gastric carcinoma". Tumour Biology.
  6. (2015-04-14). "S100A12 and RAGE expression in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma: a role for the ligand/RAGE axis in tumor progression?". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.
  7. (April 2024). "Elevated levels of S100A12 in the seminal plasma of infertile men with varicocele". International Urology and Nephrology.
  8. (December 2017). "S100A12 in renal and cardiovascular diseases". Life Sciences.
  9. (January 2013). "Prognostic utility of plasma S100A12 levels to establish a novel scoring system for predicting mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a two-year prospective observational study in Japan". BMC Nephrology.
  10. (February 2017). "Pro-inflammatory S100 proteins are associated with glomerulonephritis and anti-dsDNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus". Lupus.
  11. (June 2003). "Neutrophil derived human S100A12 (EN-RAGE) is strongly expressed during chronic active inflammatory bowel disease". Gut.
  12. (September 2014). "Fecal biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of Crohn's disease". Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

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s100-proteins