Qabiao language

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Kra language spoken in China and Vietnam

title: "Qabiao language" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["kra-languages", "languages-of-yunnan", "languages-of-vietnam"] description: "Kra language spoken in China and Vietnam" topic_path: "linguistics" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qabiao_language" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Kra language spoken in China and Vietnam ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox language"]

Field	Value
name	Qabiao
nativename	Laqua
region	Hà Giang, Vietnam; Wenshan, Yunnan, China
ethnicity	Qabiao
speakers	710
date	2009 census
ref	e18
familycolor	Tai–Kadai
fam2	Kra
fam3	Yang–Biao
script	Latin script in Vietnam
iso3	laq
glotto	qabi1235
glottorefname	Pubiao-Qabiao
::

Qabiao, Pu Peo or sometimes Laqua (autonym: **; Chinese: Pubiao 普标, Vietnamese: Pu Péo) is a Kra language spoken by the Qabiao people in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, China. Alternative names for Qabiao include Kabeo, Ka Beo, Ka Bao, Ka Biao, Laqua, Pubiao (Pupeo or Pu Péo) and Pen Ti Lolo (Bendi Lolo). The meaning of the name "Qabiao" is unknown.

Maza, a Lolo–Burmese language spoken near the Qabiao area, is notable for having a Qabiao substratum (Hsiu 2014:68-69).

Geographic distribution

In Vietnam, Qabiao is spoken in Đồng Văn District, Hà Giang Province in Phố Là and Sủng Chéng villages, and perhaps also in Yên Minh and Mèo Vạc Districts.

Tran (2011:15) reports that Qabiao is spoken in the following locations of Ha Giang Province.

Phố Là, Sùng Chéng, Phó Bảng, Phó Cáo, and Má Lé communes of Đồng Văn District
Cháng Lổ and Sùng Chéng of Phú Lũng commune, Yên Minh District
Tiến Xuân, Yen Cường commune, Bắc Mê District
Mèo Vạc District

The Pu Péo (Qabiao) of Vietnam claim that they had traditionally lived in the following villages in Vietnam and China (Tran 2011:16).

Đồng Văn District, Vietnam
- Phó Bảng (Mó Biêng)
- Phó Cáo (Mó Cao)
- Phó Là (Mó Nê)
- Phó Lủng (Mó Căn)
Malipo County, China
- Phú Trú (Mó Nương)
- Phú Trác (Mó Căn)
- Phú Pliông (Mó Phuông)
- Phú Trao (Mó Rào)

In China, Qabiao is spoken in Tiechang Township 铁厂镇 and Donggan Township 懂干镇 in Malipo County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan (Liang, et al. 2007). Many Qabiao people have shifted to Southwestern Mandarin, although it is still spoken in villages such as Pufeng 普峰.

Phonology

The Qabiao language has the following tones: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2.

Like Paha (J.-F. Li and Y.-X. Luo 2010: 16–17), Long-haired Lachi (Kosaka 2000: 20–24) and Buyang, Qabiao (J.-R. Zhang 1990) have sesquisyllables, which are not present in most Kra-Dai languages.

Notes

References

Hsiu, Andrew. 2014. "Mondzish: a new subgroup of Lolo-Burmese ". In Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Chinese Languages and Linguistics (IsCLL-14). Taipei: Academia Sinica.
Liang Min, Zhang Junru & Li Yunbing (2007). Pubiao yu yanjiu. Beijing: The Ethnic Publishing House.

References

Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. ''The Tai–Kadai Languages''. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press, 2008.
Hsiu, Andrew. 2014. "[http://iscll-14.ling.sinica.edu.tw/files-pdf/Papers/Session2/Hsiu.pdf Mondzish: a new subgroup of Lolo-Burmese] {{Webarchive. link. (2016-03-03 ". In ''Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Chinese Languages and Linguistics (IsCLL-14)''. Taipei: Academia Sinica.)
"麻栗坡县铁厂乡董渡村委会新民寨自然村".
See [[Proto-Tai language#Tones]] for an explanation of the tone codes.
Pittayaporn, Pittayawat. (2021). "The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia: A Comprehensive Guide".

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